犬

See also: 大, and 太

犬 U+72AC, 犬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC ← 犫 [U+72AB] CJK Unified Ideographs 犭 → [U+72AD]

⽝ U+2F5D, ⽝ KANGXI RADICAL DOG ← ⽜ [U+2F5C] Kangxi Radicals ⽞ → [U+2F5E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.

Han character

See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 4303₀, composition ⿺大丶)

1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/犬
• 伏, 吠, 𡉩, 𫰋, 𢗗, 㧋, 汱, 迖, 𣅤, 枤, 𤘲, 㺴, 肰, 𤯂, 畎, 𮉿, 紎, 𦨚, 𡌤, 𧿡, 䣭, 𤱶, 𮡧, 𮣺, 𭪝, 𩎓, 𩖮, 𬙠, 䭾, 𩫈, 𩵥, 𩿁, 默(黙), 鼣, 𫜤
• 𩿛, 𩡷, 宊, 𦬫, 戾, 𦊅, 突, 哭, 类, 𥬇, 臭, 𦬦, 𩬇, 𧱾, 厌, 𤴻, 𪊏, 𬮇(𬮝)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
• Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
• Unihan data for U+72AC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
猚	*ŋreːl, *rulʔ
畎	*kʷeːnʔ
汱	*kʷeːnʔ
甽	*kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ
犬	*kʰʷeːnʔ

Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 犬
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰian³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kʰien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hyn³⁵/
	Nanning	/hyn³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hyn³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰian⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɛiŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰuaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xin³¹/ /kau²¹³/ 訓狗

Rime
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	先 (86)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦泫切
Baxter	khwenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwenX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷenX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɛnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwɛnX/
Li Rong	/kʰuenX/
Wang Li	/kʰiwenX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiwenX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyun2

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ khwenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/
English	dog
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
No.	10736
Phonetic component	犬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	犬
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): quǎn (quan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): quan³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hyun²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hun²

• Gan (Wiktionary): qyon³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khién / khián

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kian³

• Jin (Wiktionary): qye¹
• Northern Min (KCR): kṳǐng
• Eastern Min (BUC): kēng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): koeng³ / kyeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiêng² / kiang²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chioe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qye³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: quǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cyuǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻüan³
    • Yale: chywǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuan
    • Palladius: цюань (cjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: quan³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hyun²
    • Yale: hyún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hyn²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hün²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hun⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qyon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
    • Hakka Romanization System: kien^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
    • Hakka Romanization System: kian^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kian³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰian³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qye¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛiŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: koeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kyeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khián
    • Tâi-lô: khián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiern
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiêng² / kiang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiéng / khiáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰieŋ⁵²/, /kʰiaŋ⁵²/

Note:

• kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
• kiang2 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵chioe
    • MiniDict: chioe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qyoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰyø³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: qye³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯e̞⁴¹/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: khwenX

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Definitions

A dog (a Labrador)

犬

1. (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog

   警犬  ―  jǐngquǎn  ―  police dog

   • 效馬效羊者右牽之；效犬者左牽之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     效马效羊者右牵之；效犬者左牵之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī. [Pinyin]

     He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		狗
Taxonomic name		犬
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	狗
	Taiwan	狗
	Chengde	狗
	Chifeng	狗
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	狗
	Heihe	狗
	Qiqihar	狗
	Harbin	狗
	Jiamusi	狗
	Baicheng	狗
	Changchun	狗
	Tonghua	狗
	Shenyang	狗
	Jinzhou	狗
	Malaysia	狗
	Singapore	狗
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	狗
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	狗
	Tangshan	狗
	Cangzhou	狗
	Baoding	狗
	Shijiazhuang	狗
	Lijin	狗
	Jinan	狗
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	狗
	Dandong	狗
	Yantai	狗子
	Yantai (Muping)	狗子, 狗
	Qingdao	狗
	Zhucheng	狗
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	狗
	Lingbao	狗
	Jining	狗
	Wanrong	狗
	Linfen	狗
	Shangqiu	狗
	Yuanyang	狗
	Zhengzhou	狗
	Xinyang	狗
	Baihe	狗, 狗子
	Xi'an	狗
	Dingbian	狗
	Baoji	狗
	Tianshui	狗
	Xining	狗
	Yanqi	狗
	Xuzhou	狗
	Fuyang	狗
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	狗
	Lanzhou	狗
	Dunhuang	狗
	Hami	狗
	Ürümqi	狗
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	狗
	Nanchong	狗
	Dazhou	狗
	Hanyuan	狗
	Xichang	狗
	Zigong	狗
	Chongqing	狗, 狗兒
	Wuhan	狗, 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
	Yichang	狗, 狗子
	Xiangyang	狗, 狗子
	Tianmen	狗, 狗子
	Guiyang	狗
	Zunyi	狗
	Bijie	狗
	Liping	狗
	Zhaotong	狗
	Dali	狗
	Kunming	狗
	Mengzi	狗
	Guilin	狗
	Liuzhou	狗, 狗崽, 三六, 地羊 as food
	Jishou	狗
	Changde	狗, 狗子
	Hanzhong	狗
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	狗
	Yangzhou	狗, 狗子
	Lianyungang	狗
	Lianshui	狗
	Nantong	狗, 狗子
	Anqing	狗
	Wuhu	狗
	Hefei	狗
	Hong'an	狗子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	狗
	Hong Kong	狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	狗
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	狗
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	狗
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	狗
	Macau	狗
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	狗
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	狗
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	狗
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	狗
	Foshan	狗
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	狗
	Foshan (Shunde)	狗
	Foshan (Sanshui)	狗
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	狗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	狗
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	狗
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	狗
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	狗
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	狗
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	狗
	Taishan	狗
	Kaiping (Chikan)	狗
	Enping (Niujiang)	狗
	Heshan (Yayao)	狗
	Dongguan	狗
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	狗
	Shaoguan	狗
	Yunfu	狗
	Yangjiang	狗
	Xinyi	狗
	Lianjiang	狗
	Nanning	狗
	Wuzhou	狗
	Yulin	狗
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	狗
	Beihai	狗
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	狗
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	狗
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	狗
	Penang (Guangfu)	狗
	Singapore (Guangfu)	狗
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	狗
	Móng Cái	狗
Gan	Nanchang	狗
	Lichuan	狗
	Pingxiang	狗
Hakka	Meixian	狗, 無角羊
	Dabu (Xihe)	狗
	Dabu (Taoyuan)	狗
	Dabu (Gaobei)	狗
	Fengshun (Tangkeng)	狗
	Fengshun (Fengliang)	狗
	Fengshun (Pantian)	狗
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	狗
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	狗
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	狗
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	狗
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	狗
	Changting	狗
	Yudu	狗子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	狗仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	狗仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	狗, 狗仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	狗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	狗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	狗
	Hong Kong	狗
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	狗
	Sabah (Longchuan)	狗
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	狗
	Senai (Huiyang)	狗
	Kuching (Hepo)	狗
	Singkawang	狗
Huizhou	Jixi	狗
	Shexian	狗
Jin	Taiyuan	狗兒, 狗
	Yangyuan	狗
	Datong	狗, 狗娃子
	Xinzhou	狗
	Lüliang (Lishi)	狗兒
	Changzhi	狗
	Linhe	狗, 狗子
	Jining	狗
	Hohhot	狗
	Erenhot	狗
	Pingshan	狗
	Zhangjiakou	狗
	Handan	狗
	Linzhou	狗
	Suide	狗
Northern Min	Jian'ou	狗仔, 狗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	犬, 犬囝
	Fuzhou (Changle)	犬
	Fuqing	犬
	Yongtai	犬
	Gutian	犬
	Fu'an	犬
	Ningde	犬
	Shouning	犬
	Zhouning	犬
	Fuding	犬
	Matsu	犬
Southern Min	Xiamen	狗
	Quanzhou	狗
	Zhangzhou	狗
	Zhao'an	狗
	Kaohsiung	狗
	Yilan	狗
	Changhua (Lukang)	狗
	Taichung	狗
	Taichung (Wuqi)	狗
	Tainan	狗仔
	Taitung	狗
	Hsinchu	狗
	Penghu (Magong)	狗
	Penang (Hokkien)	狗
	Singapore (Hokkien)	狗
	Manila (Hokkien)	狗
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	狗
	Chaozhou	狗
	Shantou	狗
	Haifeng	狗
	Bangkok (Teochew)	狗
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	狗
	Singapore (Teochew)	狗
	Leizhou	狗, 四五
	Wenchang	狗
	Haikou	狗
	Singapore (Hainanese)	狗
Puxian Min	Putian	狗
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	狗
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	狗
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	狗
	Xianyou	狗, 狗囝
	Xianyou (Fengting)	狗, 狗囝
	Xianyou (Youyang)	狗, 狗囝
Central Min	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	狗
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	狗
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	狗
Shehua	Fu'an	狗
	Fuding	狗
	Luoyuan	狗
	Sanming	狗
	Shunchang	狗
	Hua'an	狗
	Guixi (Zhangping)	狗
	Cangnan	狗
	Jingning (Hexi)	狗
	Lishui	狗
	Longyou	狗
	Chaozhou	狗
	Fengshun	狗
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	犬
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	犬
	Luxi (Baisha)	犬
	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	犬
	Luxi (Lijiatian)	犬
	Chengbu (Xuntou)	犬
Wu	Shanghai	狗, 汪汪狗 childish
	Shanghai (Chongming)	狗
	Suzhou	狗
	Danyang	狗子
	Hangzhou	狗
	Ningbo	黃狗
	Wenzhou	狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
	Jinhua	狗
Xiang	Changsha	狗
	Xiangxiang	狗
	Loudi	狗
	Shuangfeng	狗
	Quanzhou	狗

Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]

Compounds

• 使犬 (Shǐquǎn)
• 北極犬／北极犬
• 反犬旁 (fǎnquǎnpáng)
• 反犬旁兒／反犬旁儿 (fǎnquǎnpángr)
• 名犬
• 哮天犬 (Xiàotiānquǎn)
• 喪家之犬／丧家之犬 (sàngjiāzhīquǎn)
• 嚮導犬／向导犬
• 土雞瓦犬／土鸡瓦犬
• 大犬星座
• 尋回犬／寻回犬 (xúnhuíquǎn)
• 小犬 (xiǎoquǎn)
• 德國狼犬／德国狼犬
• 惡犬／恶犬 (èquǎn)
• 悲犬咸陽
• 放鷹逐犬／放鹰逐犬
• 東門黃犬／东门黄犬
• 柴犬 (cháiquǎn)
• 桀犬吠堯／桀犬吠尧
• 淮南雞犬／淮南鸡犬
• 烹犬藏弓
• 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn)
• 犬不夜吠
• 犬儒學派／犬儒学派
• 犬兔俱斃／犬兔俱毙
• 犬吠之盜／犬吠之盗
• 犬吠之警
• 犬子 (quǎnzǐ)
• 犬彘
• 犬彘之食
• 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
• 犬母
• 犬牙 (quǎnyá)
• 犬牙交錯／犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
• 犬牙差互
• 犬牙盤石／犬牙盘石
• 犬牙相制
• 犬牙相臨／犬牙相临
• 犬牙相錯／犬牙相错
• 犬牙鷹爪／犬牙鹰爪
• 犬馬／犬马 (quǎnmǎ)
• 犬馬之力／犬马之力 (quǎnmǎzhīlì)
• 犬馬之勞／犬马之劳 (quǎnmǎzhīláo)
• 犬馬之命／犬马之命
• 犬馬之報／犬马之报 (quǎnmǎzhībào)
• 犬馬之年／犬马之年
• 犬馬之心／犬马之心
• 犬馬之戀／犬马之恋
• 犬馬之疾／犬马之疾
• 犬馬之養／犬马之养
• 犬馬戀主／犬马恋主
• 犬馬齒殲／犬马齿歼
• 犬馬齒窮／犬马齿穷
• 犬馬齒索／犬马齿索
• 犬齒／犬齿 (quǎnchǐ)
• 狂犬病 (kuángquǎnbìng)
• 狼犬
• 獒犬
• 獵犬／猎犬 (lièquǎn)
• 獵犬座／猎犬座 (Lièquǎnzuò)
• 畫虎成犬／画虎成犬
• 畫虎類犬／画虎类犬 (huàhǔlèiquǎn)
• 盧犬／卢犬
• 粵犬吠雪／粤犬吠雪
• 義犬／义犬
• 聲色犬馬／声色犬马 (shēngsèquǎnmǎ)
• 臺灣犬／台湾犬
• 蜀犬吠日 (shǔquǎnfèirì)
• 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
• 見兔顧犬／见兔顾犬
• 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)
• 豚兒犬子／豚儿犬子
• 豚犬 (túnquǎn)
• 越犬吠雪
• 跖犬吠堯／跖犬吠尧
• 軍犬／军犬 (jūnquǎn)
• 邑犬群吠
• 野犬 (yěquǎn)
• 陶犬瓦雞／陶犬瓦鸡
• 雞犬不寧／鸡犬不宁 (jīquǎnbùníng)
• 雞犬不留／鸡犬不留
• 雞犬不驚／鸡犬不惊 (jīquǎnbùjīng)
• 雞犬俱升
• 雞犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
• 雞犬桑麻／鸡犬桑麻
• 雞犬皆仙／鸡犬皆仙
• 雞犬相聞／鸡犬相闻
• 雞鳴犬吠／鸡鸣犬吠
• 顧犬補牢／顾犬补牢
• 飛鷹走犬／飞鹰走犬
• 驢鳴犬吠／驴鸣犬吠
• 鬆獅犬／松狮犬 (sōngshīquǎn)
• 鬥犬／斗犬
• 鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
• 黃犬音／黄犬音

 

Descendants

• Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

References

• “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Further reading

• Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 犬

犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

1. a dog
2. the dog radical (いぬ)

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 一(いっ)犬(けん) (ikken): one dog
• 雌(めす)犬(いぬ) (mesuinu)
• 雄(お)犬(いぬ) (oinu), 牡(お)犬(いぬ) (oinu)
• 家(いえ)犬(いぬ) (ieinu)
• 野(や)犬(けん) (yaken)
• 子(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu), 小(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu), 仔(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu)
• 愛(あい)犬(けん) (aiken)
• 犬(いぬ)ちゃん (inu-chan)
• 秋(あき)田(た)犬(いぬ) (Akita inu), 秋(あき)田(た)犬(けん) (Akita ken)
• 土佐(とさ)犬(いぬ) (Tosa inu), 土佐(とさ)犬(いぬ) (Tosa inu)
• 柴(しば)犬(いぬ) (Shiba inu), 柴犬(しばけん) (Shiba ken)
• 猟(りょう)犬(けん) (ryōken)
• 狛(こま)犬(いぬ) (komainu)
• 狩(しゅ)猟(りょう)犬(けん) (shuryōken)
• 警(けい)察(さつ)犬(けん) (keisatsuken)
• 攻(こう)撃(げき)犬(けん) (kōgekiken)
• 三(さん)頭(とう)犬(けん) (santōken)
• 犬(いぬ)張(はり)子(こ) (inuhariko, “papier-mâché dog doll”)
• 老(ろう)犬(けん) (rōken): old dog
• 豚(とん)犬(けん) (tonken): pig and dog; fool; my child
• 犬(けん)吠(ばい) (kenbai): the barking of a dog, or the sound thereof
• 駄(だ)犬(けん) (daken): mongrel dog
• 雑(ざっ)犬(けん) (zakken): mongrel dog
• 番(ばん)犬(けん) (banken)
• 警(けい)備(び)犬(けん) (keibiken)
• 探(たん)知(ち)犬(けん) (tanchiken)
• 救(きゅう)助(じょ)犬(けん) (kyūjoken)
• 死(し)体(たい)犬(けん) (shitaiken)
• 麻(ま)薬(やく)犬(けん) (mayakuken)
• 放(ほう)火(か)犬(けん) (hōkaken)
• 盲(もう)導(どう)犬(けん) (mōdōken)
• 聴(ちょう)導(どう)犬(けん) (chōdōken)
• 介(かい)助(じょ)犬(けん) (kaijoken)
• 犬猿(けんえん)の仲(なか) (ken'en no naka)
• 犬(いぬ)神(がみ) (inugami)
• 山(やま)犬(いぬ) (yamainu)
• 鬣(たてがみ)犬(いぬ) (tategamiinu): hyena
• 犬(けん)歯(し) (kenshi, “canine tooth”)

Etymology

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

イヌ

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Dog

Wikipedia

犬 (inu): various kinds of dog.

Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
狗

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *enu. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu < wenu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いぬ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [inɯ̟]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

犬(いぬ) or 犬(イヌ) • (inu)  (counter 匹)

1. dog, canine

   犬(いぬ)に毎(まい)日(にち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。

   Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.

   Please feed the dog every day.

2. servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)

   会(かい)長(ちょう)の犬(いぬ)

   kaichō no inu

   a servant of the president

3. spy

   敵(てき)軍(ぐん)の犬(いぬ)

   tekigun no inu

   a spy of the hostile army

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.

Synonyms

• (servant, spy): 走(そう)狗(く) (sōku), 手(て)先(さき) (tesaki)

Descendants

• → Yami: ino

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC khwenX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	가히〮 (Yale: kàhí)	견〯 (Yale: kyěn)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [견]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

犬

Wikisource 犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

1. hanja form^? of 견 (“dog”) [noun; affix]

Derived terms

Compounds

• 견공 (犬公, gyeon'gong)
• 견마 (犬馬, gyeonma)
• 견원 (犬猿, gyeonwon)
• 견유 (犬儒, gyeonyu)
• 군견 (軍犬, gun'gyeon)
• 맹견 (猛犬, maenggyeon)
• 애견 (愛犬, aegyeon)
• 충견 (忠犬, chunggyeon)
• 투견 (鬪犬, tugyeon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Miyako

Kanji

See also:

Category:Miyako terms spelled with 犬

犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

Northern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

See also:

Category:Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 犬

犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

Okinawan

Kanji

See also:

Category:Okinawan terms spelled with 犬

犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Kun: いん (in, 犬)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
犬
いん Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔiŋ̍]

Noun

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog

Compounds

• 犬(いん)子(ぐゎー) (ingwā, “puppy, small dog”)

References

• “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Southern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

See also:

Category:Southern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 犬

犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun

犬(いん) (in) 

1. dog

Vietnamese

Han character

犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển^[1][2]
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển^[1][3][4], chó^[2]

1. Nôm form of chó (“dog”).

References

1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
2. Trần (2004).
3. Bonet (1899).
4. Génibrel (1898).