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喪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 丧
喪 U+55AA, 喪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AA
← 喩
[U+55A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 喫 →
[U+55AB]

Translingual

Han character

喪 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土口口女 (GRRV), four-corner 40732, composition ⿱⿻土吅⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿸⿱⿻土吅𠄌⿺乀丿(HT))

Derived characters

  • 𣾓, 𰘧, 𦅇, 𰷑, 𬦟, 𫟣, 𩦌, 𫛑

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3985
  • Dae Jaweon: page 421, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 650, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+55AA

Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...
trad. 喪
simp. 丧
alternative forms
䘮
𠸶
𠷔
𡂤
𡂧
䘮
𠸶
𠷔
𡂤
𡂧
𡴧
𦦦
𡚏
𦦭
𦱺
 
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 喪, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 喪
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
忙 *maːŋ
芒 *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪 *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡 *maŋ
望 *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網 *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲 *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻 *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ
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Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ): phonetic 桑 (OC *sŋaːŋ, “mulberry tree”) + semantic 㗊 (“many mouths”). The number of mouths frequently varied. Sometimes 走 (“run”) was included as a semantic component, and later 亡 (OC *maŋ, “die”) was added as a phonetic (and also possibly semantic) component.

In the seal script became phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 哭 (“cry”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ, “die”), from which the modern form derives.

Compare 咢 and 噩, which may be derived from or originally the same character as 喪.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The level-toned pronunciation has a nominal prefix *s-, lit. "circumstances associated with disappearance (death)", whereas the departing-toned pronunciation has a formally identical causative prefix *s- and an exoactive suffix *-s, lit. "to cause to disappear".

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 喪
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 息郎切
Baxter sang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /saŋ/
Li
Rong		 /sɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /sɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /sɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 song1
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 喪
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-mˁaŋ/
English mourning, burial

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 喪
Reading # 2/2
No. 12661
Phonetic
component		 亡
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 桑
Old
Chinese		 /*smaːŋ/
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Note:
  • song - literary;
  • sng - vernacular.

Definitions

喪

  1. mourning; funeral ceremony
  2. corpse; dead body
  3. misfortune; misadventure
  4. to mourn; to be in mourning
  5. to grieve over the death of

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (喪):
  • → Japanese: 喪(そう) (sō)
  • → Korean: 상(喪) (sang)
  • → Vietnamese: tang (喪)

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 喪
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇浪切
Baxter sangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /saŋH/
Li
Rong		 /sɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /sɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /sɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 song3
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 喪
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-mˁaŋ-s/
English lose; destroy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 喪
Reading # 1/2
No. 12660
Phonetic
component		 亡
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 喪
Old
Chinese		 /*smaːŋs/
Notes 說文從亡亡亦聲，
甲文借桑字金文始加亡
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Definitions

喪

  1. to forfeit; to lose; to be deprived of
  2. to die; to pass away
  3. to be defeated; to be destroyed; to perish
  4. to escape; to flee
  5. to forget; to fail to remember
  6. to be discouraged; to lose heart
  7. (Hong Kong Cantonese) wildly; extremely

Compounds

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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