From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: and
U+4E9E, 亞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E9E

[U+4E9D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E9F]

Translingual

More information Traditional, Shinjitai ...
Close

Han character

(Kangxi radical 7, +6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中中一 (MLLM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿰⿳𠃑⿳𠃑一丨)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №506

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 23, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E9E

Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...
trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𠀓
𠄮
𱎫
Close

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 亞, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Close
More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
*qaːʔ, *qraː
*qraː
*qraː
*qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ
*qraːʔ
*qraːɡs
*qraːɡs
*qraːɡs
*qraːɡs
*qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
*qaːɡs
*qaːɡ
*qaːɡ
Close

Pictogram (象形): an overhead view of a construction, likely a -shaped tomb. Perhaps borrowed phonetically to mean "second; inferior".

Etymology 1

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (inferior; dependent), whence Tibetan རག (rag, to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986).

Karlgren (1957) connects it to (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics.

The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin () is a result of influence from the pronunciation of (), whose written form contains as a component (Fu, 1958).

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (98)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter 'aeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠaH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔaɨH/
Li
Rong
/ʔaH/
Wang
Li
/aH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
aa3
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔæH ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔˁrak-s/
English secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14212
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qraːɡs/
Close

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • a, ah - vernacular;
  • à - literary.

Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a house (four walls & windows, seen from above)
  2. second; inferior
       jūn   second place
          not inferior to
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of  /
  4. a surname

Etymology 2

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

  1. Used in transcription.
    美尼美尼   měiní   Armenia
    哥倫比哥伦比   Gēlúnbǐ   Colombia
    薩摩萨摩   Sàmó   Samoa
    格拉格拉   gélā   Agra
       chēn   Aachen
       mián   Amiens
       dāng   Adam
    氏保加症氏保加症   shìbǎojiāzhèng   Asperger syndrome
    1. (~洲) Short for 亞細亞亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”).
         Dōng   East Asia
            Asian (ethnicity)
      地區地区   tài dìqū   Asia-Pacific

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (a)
  • Korean: 아(亞) (a)
  • Vietnamese: Á ()

Etymology 3

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

  1. (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of (kinship prefix)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

  1. (Nanning Pinghua) this
    [Nanning Pinghua]   aa3 gyun6 saam1 [Jyutping++]   this shirt
Synonyms
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , , , ,  anteclassical, ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Chengde
Chifeng
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
Heihe
Qiqihar
Jiamusi
Baicheng
Changchun
Tonghua
Shenyang
Jinzhou
Malaysia
Singapore
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin
Tangshan
Cangzhou
Baoding
Shijiazhuang
Lijin
Jinan
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian
Dandong
Yantai
Qingdao
Zhucheng
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao
Jining
Linfen
Shangqiu
Yuanyang
Zhengzhou
Xinyang
Baihe
Xi'an
Baoji
Tianshui
Xining
Xuzhou
Pizhou
Lianyungang (Ganyu)
Donghai
Fuyang
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Dunhuang
Hami
Ürümqi
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu
Nanchong
Dazhou
Hanyuan
Xichang
Zigong
Chongqing
Wuhan
Yichang
Tianmen
Guiyang
Zunyi
Bijie
Liping
Zhaotong
Dali
Kunming
Mengzi
Guilin
Liuzhou
Jishou
Changde
Hanzhong
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing
Yangzhou
Baoying
Taizhou
Zhenjiang
Lianyungang
Huai'an (Huaiyin)
Lianshui
Xuyi
Nantong
Rugao
Yancheng
Funing
Sihong
Wuhu
Hefei
Hong'an
Cantonese Guangzhou ,
Hong Kong ,
Macau
Taishan
Dongguan
Yangjiang
Nanning
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
Singapore (Guangfu) ,
Gan Nanchang
Nanchang (Wangcheng)
Anyi
Lushan
Duchang
Wuning (Quankou)
Poyang
Yugan
Wannian
Yanshan (Hekou)
Yichun
Yifeng
Gao'an
Fengxin
Shanggao
Wanzai
Fengcheng
Xinyu
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)
Nancheng
Nanfeng
Yihuang
Lichuan
Chongren
Pingxiang
Ji'an
Taihe
Xiajiang
Yingtan (Yujiang)
Guixi
Jianning
Jinxian
Jinxi
Le'an
Guangchang
Suichuan
Wan'an
Jing'an
Zhangshu
Xingan
Fenyi
Hakka Changting
Ninghua
Qingliu
Yudu
Ningdu
Ruijin
Shicheng
Xunwu
Huichang
Xingguo
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Huizhou Jixi
Shexian
Wuyuan
Jin Taiyuan
Yangyuan
Datong
Xinzhou
Lüliang (Lishi)
Changzhi
Linhe
Jining
Hohhot
Erenhot
Pingshan
Zhangjiakou
Handan
Suide
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou , ,
Fuzhou (Changle)
Lianjiang
Fuqing
Pingtan
Yongtai
Minqing
Gutian
Pingnan
Luoyuan
Fu'an
Ningde
Xiapu
Zherong
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding
Singapore (Fuqing)
Southern Min Xiamen
Xiamen (Tong'an)
Quanzhou ,
Jinjiang
Nan'an
Shishi
Hui'an
Anxi
Yongchun
Dehua
Zhangzhou
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
Hua'an
Nanjing
Pinghe
Zhangpu
Yunxiao
Zhao'an
Dongshan
Taipei
Kinmen
Penang (Hokkien)
Singapore (Hokkien)
Manila (Hokkien)
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping
Chaozhou
Shantou
Jieyang
Haifeng
Singapore (Teochew)
Batam (Teochew)
Wenchang
Haikou
Singapore (Hainanese)
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an
Sanming (Shaxian)
Shaojiang Min Guangze
Jiangle
Mingxi
Shunchang
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi)
Shehua Cangnan
Jingning (Hexi)
Wu Shanghai ,  dated,  obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang)
Shanghai (Fengxian)
Shanghai (Jinshan)
Shanghai (Chongming) , ,  also that
Suzhou ,
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)
Wuxi
Changshu
Jiaxing
Jiashan
Pinghu
Haining (Yanguan)
Tongxiang
Haiyan
Changzhou
Danyang
Nanjing (Gaochun)
Huzhou
Changxing
Anji
Deqing
Hangzhou
Hangzhou (Yuhang)
Hangzhou (Lin'an)
Hangzhou (Fuyang)
Tonglu
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing
Zhuji
Shengzhou
Xinchang
Ningbo
Ningbo (Zhenhai)
Yuyao
Cixi
Taizhou (Huangyan)
Tiantai
Sanmen
Wenling ,
Wenzhou
Yueqing
Yongjia (Fenglin)
Rui'an
Pingyang
Taishun
Wencheng
Lishui
Qingtian
Jinyun
Songyang (Xiping)
Yunhe
Qingyuan
Longquan
Suichang
Jiangshan
Changshan
Kaihua
Longyou
Jinhua ,
Yiwu
Yongkang
Pujiang ,
Dongyang
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi
Shangrao
Shangrao (Guangfeng)
Yushan
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng
Close

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. rank
  2. follow
  3. sub- prefix

Readings

  • Go-on: (e)
  • Kan-on: (a)あつ (atsu)おう (ō)
  • Kun: つぎ (tsugi, 亞ぎ)つぐ (tsugu, 亞ぐ)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
S
[kanji] jōyō kanji
[kanji] rank
[kanji] follow
[kanji] sub- prefix
[kanji] Used in transliteration of place names.
Kanji reading:
, あく, よう, , おう, つぐ, つぎ, [[<! つぐる#Japanese|<! つぐる]], [[> みつる#Japanese|> みつる]]
(This term, , is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Usage notes

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC 'aeH).

Pronunciation

  • (phonetic element in transliterations):
  • (second; sub-; ranking next; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [a̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource (eumhun 버금 (beogeum a))

  1. hanja form? of (second; sub-)
  2. hanja form? of (ranking next; coming after)
  3. hanja form? of (Asia (abbreviation))
  4. hanja form? of (used as a prefix to names)

Compounds

Proper noun

More information Hanja in this term ...
Hanja in this term
Close

(A) (hangeul )

  1. (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, Asia).

Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: á, a

  1. Asia
  2. Asiatic

References

Wikiwand - on

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.