罗马尼亚语约有400个来源不明的词汇。可能来自达契亚语的有：balaur“龙”、brânză“奶酪”、mal“河岸”、strugure“葡萄”等。[12]:21但罗马尼亚语底层词汇作为研究达契亚语的资料来说价值并不高，因为它们也可能不来自达契亚语。这可见《罗马尼亚语解释性词典》（Dicționar Explicativ al Limbii Române/DEX），其中给出这些词的许多可能词源。
c. 400 BC开始，凯尔特人群离开了他们在日耳曼南部/高卢东部的拉坦纳文化核心区，渗透并定居在欧洲东南部，一直分布到黑海和安纳托利亚。到c. 250 BC，今日奥地利、斯洛伐克、匈牙利和罗马尼亚等国的大部分地区、比萨拉比亚和默西亚，都受到凯尔特人的文化影响，并且可能在许多地区建立了政权。[68]:59这一迁徙过程将凯尔特人的物质文化，特别是先进的冶金术，带到了伊利安和达契亚部落。在奥地利、斯洛伐克、匈牙利平原、特兰西瓦尼亚、贝萨拉比亚和色雷斯东部，发生了特别密集的凯尔特人定居，拉泰纳型墓地的集中就是证明。[68]:69据Batty，特兰西瓦尼亚中部似乎成了凯尔特人的飞地或统一王国。[69]:279很可能在凯尔特人统治时期，达契亚语被凯尔特语特兰西瓦尼亚方言所取代。在多瑙河以南的默西亚，也有广泛的凯尔特化。[68]:59一个例子是古代历史学家蒂托·李维记载的上默西亚Scordisci部落，不仅讲凯尔特语，其文化也显示出凯尔特人的特征。
但自1960年代以来，达契亚-色雷斯语族理论受到了保加利亚语言学家Vladimir I. Georgiev及其追随者的挑战。Georgiev从语音、词汇和地名学的角度来看，色雷斯语、达契亚语和弗里吉亚语是完全不同的语言，各自是独立的印欧语分支，不存在诸如达契亚-色雷斯-弗里吉亚语族或达契亚-色雷斯语族之类分类单元。[7]:282Georgiev认为，达契亚语和色雷斯语之间的距离大约与亚美尼亚语和波斯语之间的距离相同，[7]:298这两种语言完全不同。在阐述达契亚语的语音时，Georgiev使用了《药物论》和伪阿普列乌斯手稿中确凿的达契亚语植物名称，使用这些学者提供的希腊语译文来确定其字面意思，进而确定其词源。以这种方式推出的达契亚语音系与色雷斯语音系非常不同：元音变化*o>*a再现，k声经历咝音语言特有音变。至于色雷斯语音系，Georgiev的原则是，现代语言中可理解的地名很可能译自古代地名。[128]:338
罗马尼亚语言学家Mircea M. Radulescu编写了一份有相当多平行对应词的水名、人名列表，将达契亚-默西亚语和色雷斯语划为“南波罗的语支”，并提议也对伊利安语进行这种分类。[5]德国语言学家Schall也将达契亚语归为南波罗的语支。[3]美国语言学家Harvey Mayer将达契亚语和色雷斯语都归为波罗的语族，声称有足够证据将它们归为波罗的语或至少是“类波罗的语”，[155][6]并将达契亚人、色雷斯人归为“波罗的人的延伸”。[156]据他所说，来自伊利里亚语的阿尔巴尼亚语拜托了达契亚-色雷斯语的任何波罗的语影响。[156]Mayer声称他找到了一个明确的能证明达契亚语和色雷斯语与立陶宛语的关系比与拉脱维亚语的关系更密切的证据。[6][157]捷克考古学家Kristian Turnvvald将达契亚语归为多瑙河波罗的语。{sfn|Turnvvald|1968}}委内瑞拉立陶宛历史学家Jurate de Rosales将达契亚语和色雷斯语归为波罗的海语。[158][159]
Crossland 1982:838：“V. I. Georgiev（1977）还声称，来自达契亚和密细亚地区（大致为罗马达契亚和默西亚）的名字显示出不同的印欧语元辅音变化，而且一般来说比在色雷斯本身发现的要少。这些证据似乎表明‘色雷斯-达契亚语’可分为南北两种方言，其差异不到划分语言的程度，每种都有构词的特殊倾向和某些次要语音特征的发展”
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