1864年,克利斯蒂安·威廉·布隆斯特兰(Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand)、[14]亨利·爱丁·圣克莱尔·德维尔和路易·约瑟夫·特罗斯特(Louis Joseph Troost)明确证明了钽和铌是两种不同的化学元素,并确定了一些相关化合物的化学公式。[14][15]瑞士化学家让-夏尔·加利萨·德马里尼亚(Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac)[16]在1866年进一步证实除钽和铌以外别无其他元素。然而直到1871年还有科学家发表有关Ilmenium的文章。[17]
Arblaster, John W. Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. 2018. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
Percival, James. Middletown Silver and Lead Mines. Journal of Silver and Lead Mining Operations. July–December 1853, 1: 186 [2013-04-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-03).
Griffith, William P.; Morris, Peter J. T. Charles Hatchett FRS (1765–1847), Chemist and Discoverer of Niobium. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 2003, 57 (3): 299. JSTOR 3557720. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2003.0216. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Wollaston, William Hyde. On the Identity of Columbium and Tantalum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 1809, 99: 246–252. JSTOR 107264. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0017.
Kobell, V. Ueber eine eigenthümliche Säure, Diansäure, in der Gruppe der Tantal- und Niob- verbindungen. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1860, 79 (1): 291–303. doi:10.1002/prac.18600790145.
Marignac, Blomstrand, H. Deville, L. Troost und R. Hermann. Tantalsäure, Niobsäure, (Ilmensäure) und Titansäure. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 1866, 5 (1): 384–389. doi:10.1007/BF01302537.
Hermann, R. Fortgesetzte Untersuchungen über die Verbindungen von Ilmenium und Niobium, sowie über die Zusammensetzung der Niobmineralien(有關Ilmenium和鈮化合物以及鈮礦物成份的進一步研究). Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1871, 3 (1): 373–427. doi:10.1002/prac.18710030137(德语).
Kòrösy, F. Reaction of Tantalum, Columbium and Vanadium with Iodine. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1939, 61 (4): 838–843. doi:10.1021/ja01873a018.
Ikenberry, Luther; Martin, J. L.; Boyer, W. J. Photometric Determination of Columbium, Tungsten, and Tantalum in Stainless Steels. Analytical Chemistry. 1953, 25 (9): 1340–1344. doi:10.1021/ac60081a011. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Rayner-Canham, Geoff; Zheng, Zheng. Naming elements after scientists: an account of a controversy. Foundations of Chemistry. 2008, 10 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1007/s10698-007-9042-1. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Norman N., Greenwood. Vanadium to dubnium: from confusion through clarity to complexity. Catalysis Today. 2003, 78 (1–4): 5–11. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00318-8.
Nikulina, A. V. Zirconium-Niobium Alloys for Core Elements of Pressurized Water Reactors. Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 2003, 45 (7–8): 287–292. doi:10.1023/A:1027388503837.
Emsley, John. Niobium. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. 2001: 283–286. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.
Soisson, Donald J.; McLafferty, J. J.; Pierret, James A. Staff-Industry Collaborative Report: Tantalum and Niobium. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 1961, 53 (11): 861–868. doi:10.1021/ie50623a016. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils;. Niob. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie 91–100. Walter de Gruyter. 1985: 1075–1079. ISBN 3-11-007511-3(德语). 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Tither, Geoffrey. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Metals and Materials Society Minerals , 编. Progress in Niobium Markets and Technology 1981–2001(PDF). Niobium Science & Technology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium 2001 (Orlando, Florida, USA) (Niobium 2001 Ltd, 2002). 2001. ISBN 978-0-9712068-0-9. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2008-12-17).
Dufresne, Claude; Goyette, Ghislain. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Metals and Materials Society Minerals , 编. The Production of Ferroniobium at the Niobec mine 1981–2001(PDF). Niobium Science & Technology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium 2001 (Orlando, Florida, USA) (Niobium 2001 Ltd, 2002). 2001. ISBN 978-0-9712068-0-9. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2008-12-17). 引文使用过时参数coauthor (帮助)
Choudhury, Alok; Hengsberger, Eckart. Electron Beam Melting and Refining of Metals and Alloys. The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan International. 1992, 32 (5): 673–681. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.32.673. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
C. R. Lucas, J. A. Labinger, J. Schwartz. Robert J. Angelici , 编. Dichlorobis(η5-Cyclopentadienyl)Niobium(IV). Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses (New York: J. Wiley & Sons). 1990, 28: 267–270. ISBN 0-471-52619-3. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch68.
Woydt, Mathias; Mohrbacher, Hardy. The use of niobium carbide (NbC) as cutting tools and for wear resistant tribosystems. International Conference on the Science of Hard Materials. 2015, 49 (10): 212–218. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.07.002.
Heisterkamp, Friedrich; Tadeu Carneiro. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Metals and Materials Society Minerals , 编. Niobium: Future Possibilities – Technology and the Market Place(PDF). Niobium Science & Technology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium 2001 (Orlando, Florida, USA) (Niobium 2001 Ltd, 2002). 2001. ISBN 978-0-9712068-0-9. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2008-12-17). 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Hillenbrand, Hans–Georg; Gräf, Michael; Kalwa, Christoph. Development and Production of High Strength Pipeline Steels(PDF). Niobium Science & Technology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium 2001 (Orlando, Florida, USA) (Europipe). 2001-05-02. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2015-06-05). 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Hebda, John. Niobium alloys and high Temperature Applications. Niobium Science & Technology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium 2001 (Orlando, Florida, USA) (Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração). 2001-05-02. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2016-12-20).
Glowacki, B. A.; Yan, X. -Y.; Fray, D.; Chen, G.; Majoros, M.; Shi, Y. Niobium based intermetallics as a source of high-current/high magnetic field superconductors. Physica C: Superconductivity. 2002,. 372–376 (3): 1315–1320. Bibcode:2002PhyC..372.1315G. arXiv:cond-mat/0109088. doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01018-3. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Grunblatt, G.; Mocaer, P.; Verwaerde Ch.; Kohler, C. A success story: LHC cable production at ALSTOM-MSA. Fusion Engineering and Design (Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium of Fusion Technology). 2005, 75–79: 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.216. 引文使用过时参数coauthor (帮助)
Grill, Robert; Gnadenberge, Alfred. Niobium as mint metal: Production–properties–processing. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2006, 24 (4): 275–282. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.10.008. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Henderson, Stanley Thomas; Marsden, Alfred Michael; Hewitt, Harry. Lamps and Lighting. Edward Arnold Press. 1972: 244–245. ISBN 0-7131-3267-1. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Eichelbrönner, G. Refractory metals: crucial components for light sources. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 1998, 16 (1): 5–11. doi:10.1016/S0263-4368(98)00009-2.
Michaluk, Christopher A.; Huber, Louis E.; Ford, Robert B. Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Metals and Materials Society Minerals , 编. Niobium and Niobium 1% Zirconium for High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Discharge Lamps. Niobium Science & Technology: Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium 2001 (Orlando, Florida, USA) (Niobium 2001 Ltd, 2002). 2001. ISBN 978-0-9712068-0-9. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Vilaplana, J.; Romaguera, C.; Grimalt, F.; Cornellana, F. New trends in the use of metals in jewellery. Contact Dermatitis. 1990, 25 (3): 145–148. PMID 1782765. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01819.x. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Downs, William L.; Scott, James K.; Yuile, Charles L.; Caruso, Frank S.; Wong, Lawrence C. K. The Toxicity of Niobium Salts. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 1965, 26 (4): 337–346. PMID 5854670. doi:10.1080/00028896509342740. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)