布歇和羅克魯瓦的腹足類分類 (2005年)(Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005))是一個由法國國家自然史博物館的菲利普·布歇(Philippe Bouchet)和讓-皮埃爾·羅克魯瓦(Jean-Pierre Rocroi)於2005年編輯及出版的腹足類軟體動物生物分類系統,以取代過時的腹足綱分類表 (1997年)。所謂腹足類,就是指各種水生或陸生的蝸牛、淡水螺、海螺與蛞蝓。本分類系統刊登於《Malacologia》期刊,包含所有已知的蝸牛與蛞蝓的科,以及腹足類的化石。它亦包括古生代地位未定軟體動物,因為這些物種未能分辨到底是腹足綱還是單板綱[1]。本分類系統實際上是由布歇及一個五人專家組共同編寫;羅克魯瓦並沒有參與編寫,而是與布歇編寫分類的文獻檢索和編輯。
此條目目前正依照其他維基百科上的內容進行翻譯。 (2017年4月18日) |
整個分類分為兩部份:第一部份是按照ICZN第四版的命名規則而為各個科-族層級分類的統一命名;而第二部份則是各個分類按其位置而組合的分類樹。整個分類編輯時間歷時二十年。
概說
布歇和羅克魯瓦的系統是首個以支序分類學為主的完整腹足類分類系統,透過從分子系統發生學的研究成果描劃出來。它不再採用傳統林奈分類法在綱與總科之間加插的總目、目、亞目等有等級分類,而是採用較自然及統計性的叢集分析而得出的支序(演化分支)。在布歇和羅克魯瓦的系統,腹足類生物被劃分為六個主要的支序:
- 笠形腹足類(Patellogastropoda)
- 古腹足類(Vetigastropoda)
- 仁螺總目(Cocculiniformia)
- 蜑形目(Neritimorpha)
- 新生腹足類(Caenogastropoda)
- 異鰓類(Heterobranchia)
當中,頭三個支序並沒有再包含其他支序,而是直接跳到總科階段。在新生腹足類之下還有另外一個支序。相對來說,異鰓類是綱內最複雜的:單單是裸鰓類就在總科以上有六個支序;而對於其他蝸牛,在總科之上有四個支序。
主要分支
笠形腹足類生物在本分類被認為是一個支序,而不是分類單元。這個支序包含了多個科與總科,詳列如下(†表示已滅絕):
- 笠螺總科 Patelloidea
- 笠螺科 Patellidae
- 花笠螺總科 Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
- 花笠螺科 Nacellidae Thiele, 1891
- 蓮花青螺總科 Lottioidea
- 新似笠螺總科 Neolepetopsoidea
- 新似笠螺科 Neolepetopsidae
- † 科 Daminilidae
- † 科 Lepetopsidae
與先前旁得和林德伯格的腹足類分類 (1997年)的分類相比較,除了笠形腹足類生物在當時被訂為一個目級分類而不是支序,本類物種其實沒有多大變動。布歇和羅克魯瓦的分類索性跳過旁得和林德伯格分類的亞目,再加上Neolepetopsoidea這個只包含兩個已滅絕科的總科。
古腹足類(Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989)基本上包括了各種笠螺和帽貝,覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種,計有:
- 總科地位未定
- 科: Ataphridae Cossmann, 1915, Crosseolidae Hickman, 2013, Pendromidae Warén, 1991 (synonym: Trachysmatidae Thiele, 1925), † Schizogoniidae
- 屬: Sahlingia Warén & Bouchet, 2001
- 總科 †Amberleyoidea
- 總科 †Eotomarioidea
- 裂螺總科 Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822:亦作裂裙螺總科,是海螺的一個特化體,其下只有裂螺科一個科。
- 鮑螺總科 Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 總科 Lepetelloidea
- 龍角螺總科 Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (熱液孔笠螺)
- 莫氏螺總科 †Murchisonioidea Koken, 1889:舊屬莫氏螺目
- 總科 Neomphaloidea:belongs in its own independent clade, the Neomphalina, outside the Vetigastropoda [4]
- 翁戎螺總科 Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840:翁戎螺,Neomphalina的姊妹支序[4]
- 總科 †Porcellioidea
- 總科 Scissurelloidea
- 陀螺總科 Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
- 鐘螺總科 Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 蠑螺總科 Turbinoidea
舊分類仁螺總目(Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987)原被分為兩大總科:
因此,新的分類實際上只餘下科庫螺總科之下的兩個科。
蜑形類支序包括有原來蜑螺總科(Neritacea)及其下各科,如:蜑螺科(Neritidae)。大致可以分為下列三項:
- † 地位未定古生代蜑形類物種
- † clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
- clade Cycloneritimorpha,蜑螺目
新生腹足類物種大致分為以下三大分支:
- 主扭舌類支序(Architaenioglossa):原主扭舌目。
- 吸螺類支序(Sorbeoconcha):原吸螺目。
- 高腹足類支序(Hypsogastropoda):原在吸螺目之下,在本分類被提升至與吸螺目同級,可再分為:
包括下列各科和總科:
- 新進腹足類的地位未定物種
- † 科 Plicatusidae
- † 科 Spanionematidae
- † 科 Spirostylidae
- 總科 Acteoninoidea
- † 科 Acteoninidae
- † 科 Anozygidae
- † 科 Soleniscidae
- 總科 Dendropupoidea
- † 科 Dendropupidae
- † 科 Anthracopupidae
- 總科 Paleostyloidea
- † 科 Palaeostylidae
- † 科 Goniasmatidae
- † 科 Pithodeidae
- 總科 Peruneloidea
- † 科 Perunelidae
- † 科 Chuchlinidae
- † 科 Imoglobidae
- † 科 Sphaerodomidae
- 總科 Pseudomelanioidea
- † 科 Pseudomelaniidae
- † 科 Trajanellidae
- 總科 Subulitoidea
- † 科 Subulitidae
- † 科 Ischnoptygmatidae
- grade Zygopleuroid group - 參見 Changes since 2005
新進腹足類之下現時地位未定物種都是化石種,包括下列三個科:
- † 科 Plicatusidae
- † 科 Spanionematidae
- † 科 Spirostylidae
異鰓類是綱內最複雜的:單單是裸鰓類就在總科以上有六個支序;而對於其他蝸牛,在總科之上有四個支序。簡單來說,異鰓類物種包括了原來的後鰓目及有肺目的物種,原來的基眼亞目在2005年的分類裏成為了有肺目之下的一個非正式群組裏,當中包括喜濕螺類;而原來的有肺目跟囊舌類等其他物種又組成泛有肺類。其餘沒有被歸類的物種,皆籠統的被分類到下異鰓類這一個非正式群組裏。
系統分類
在下列分類中,只有被歸為總科級和科級的分類才會被縮排。不分的支序不會被縮排,但這些名字的字體會改變。有關支序間的從屬關係可參看對上一節的列表。
古生代地位未定軟體動物(Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position)都只有化石種,大致可以分為下列三個種類:
以下分類元及物種未能分辨到底是腹足綱還是單板綱(Monoplacophora)
- 總科地位未定
- † Khairkhaniidae
- † Ladamarekiidae
- † Metoptomatidae
- † Patelliconidae
- † Protoconchoididae
- Archinacelloidea
- † Archinacellidae
- † Archaeopragidae
- Pelagielloidea
- † Pelagiellidae
- † Aldanellidae
- Scenelloidea
- † Scenellidae
- † Coreospiridae
- † Igarkiellidae
- Yochelcionelloidea
- † Yochelcionellidae
- † Stenothecidae
- † Trenellidae
- † Bucanellidae
- † Bucaniidae
- † Euphemitidae
- † Pterothecidae
- † Sinuitidae
- † Tremanotidae
- † Tropidodiscidae
- Euomphaloidea
- † Euomphalidae
- † Helicotomidae
- † Lesueurillidae
- † Omphalocirridae
- † Omphalotrochidae
- Macluritoidea
- † Macluritidae
(只包括化石種分類元)
- 總科分類未定
- Family Anomphalidae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Codonocheilidae S. A. Miller, 1889 †
- Family Crassimarginatidae Frýda, Blodgett & Lenz, 2002 †
- Family Holopeidae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Isospiridae Wangberg-Eriksson, 1964 †
- Family Opisthonematidae Yu, 1976 †:後來在2017年的分類為Yuopisthonematidae Nützel, 2017 † 所取代,因為其模式屬成為了異名。
- 擬蠑螺科 Paraturbinidae Cossmann, 1916 †
- Family Planitrochidae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Pragoserpulinidae Frýda, 1998 †
- Family Pseudophoridae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Raphistomatidae Koken, 1896 †
- Family Rhytidopilidae Starobogatov, 1976 †
- Family Scoliostomatidae Frýda, Blodgett & Lenz, 2002 †
- Family Sinuopeidae Wenz, 1938 †
- Superfamily Clisospiroidea S. A. Miller, 1889 †
- † Clisospiridae
- † Onychochilidae
- 曲線螺總科 Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889 †
- † 曲線螺科 Loxonematidae Koken, 1889
- † Palaeozygopleuridae科
- Superfamily Ophiletoidea Koken, 1907 †
- † Ophiletidae
- Superfamily Straparollinoidea P. J. Wagner, 2002 †:後來在2017年的分類被認為是Euomphaloidea White, 1877 †的異名。
- † Straparollinidae
- Superfamily Trochonematoidea Zittel, 1895 †
- † Trochonematidae
- † Lophospiridae
笠形腹足類支序(Patellogastropoda)在本分類中包括下列四個總科:
- 笠螺總科 Patelloidea
- 笠螺科 Patellidae
- 花笠螺總科 Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
- 花笠螺科 Nacellidae Thiele, 1891
- 蓮花青螺總科 Lottioidea
- Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
- Family Neolepetopsidae
- † Family Daminilidae
- † Family Lepetopsidae
這四個總科之下的分類元在往後的文獻曾作多番修訂,至今仍未有定案。詳見各分支的條目內容。
古腹足類支序(Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989)的成員計有:
- Not assigned to a superfamily:
- Family Ataphridae
- Family Pendromidae
- † Family Schizogoniidae
- Superfamily †Amberleyoidea
- † Family Amberleyidae
- † Family Nododelphinulidae
- Superfamily †Eotomarioidea
- † Family Eotomariidae
- † Family Gosseletinidae
- † Family Luciellidae
- † Family Phanerotrematidae
- Superfamily Fissurelloidea
- Family Fissurellidae
- 鮑總科 Haliotoidea
- 鮑科 Haliotidae
- † Family Temnotropidae
- Superfamily Lepetelloidea
- Family Lepetellidae
- Family Addisoniidae
- Family Bathyphytophilidae
- Family Caymanabyssiidae
- Family Cocculinellidae
- Family Osteopeltidae
- Family Pseudococculinidae
- Family Pyropeltidae
- Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
- Family Lepetodrilidae
- Family Clypeosectidae
- Family Sutilizonidae
- Superfamily †Murchisonioidea
- † Family Murchisoniidae
- † Family Cheeneetnukiidae
- † Family Hormotomidae
- Superfamily Neomphaloidea: subsequent research has placed this superfamily in its own clade, the Neomphalina, basal to the Vetigastropoda [5]
- Family Neomphalidae
- Family Melanodrymiidae
- Family Peltospiridae
- Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea
- Family Pleurotomariidae
- † Family Catantostomatidae
- † Family Kittlidiscidae
- † Family Phymatopleuridae
- † Family Polytremariidae
- † Family Portlockiellidae
- † Family Rhaphischismatidae
- † Family Trochotomidae
- † Family Zygitidae
- Superfamily †Porcellioidea
- † Family Porcelliidae
- † Family Cirridae
- † Family Discohelicidae
- † Family Pavlodiscidae
- Superfamily Scissurelloidea
- Family Scissurellidae
- Family Anatomidae
- Superfamily Seguenzioidea
- Family Seguenziidae
- Family Chilodontidae
- † Family Eucyclidae
- † Family Laubellidae
- Superfamily Trochoidea
- Family Trochidae
- Family Calliostomatidae
- † Family Elasmonematidae
- † Family Eucochlidae
- † Family Microdomatidae
- † Family Proconulidae
- Family Solariellidae
- † Family Tychobraheidae
- † Family Velainellidae
- Superfamily Turbinoidea
- Family Turbinidae
- Family Liotiidae
- Family Phasianellidae
- Superfamily Cocculinoidea
- Family Cocculinidae
- Family Bathysciadiidae
蜑形類支序的三大分支如下:
- 總科地位未定
- † Family Craspedostomatidae Wenz, 1938
- † Subfamily Craspedostomatinae Wenz, 1938
- † Subfamily Bucanospirinae Wenz, 1938[6]
- † Family Pragoscutulidae
- † Family Craspedostomatidae Wenz, 1938
- Superfamily Nerrhenoidea
- † Family Nerrhenidae
- Superfamily Oriostomatoidea
- † Family Oriostomatidae
- † Family Tubinidae
- 古輪螺總科 Palaeotrochoidea
- Superfamily Platyceratoidea
- † Family Platyceratidae
clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
- 總科地位未定
- † Family Orthonychiidae
- † Family Vltaviellidae
- 樹螺總科(Helicinoidea)
- 樹螺科(Helicinidae)
- † Family Dawsonellidae
- † Family Deaniridae
- Family Neritiliidae
- Family Proserpinellidae
- Family Proserpinidae
- Superfamily Hydrocenoidea
- Family Hydrocenidae
- 蜑螺總科(Neritoidea)
- 蜑螺科(Neritidae)
- Family Phenacolepadidae
- † Family Pileolidae
- 珍珠蜑螺總科(Neritopsoidea)
- 珍珠蜑螺科(Neritopsidae)
- Family Neritopsidae
- † Family Cortinellidae
- † Family Delphinulopsidae
- † Family Plagiothyridae
- † Family Pseudorthonychiidae
- Family Titiscaniidae
- Superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea
- † Family Symmetrocapulidae
新生腹足類支序(Caenogastropoda)除了主扭舌類、吸螺類及高腹足類三大分支以外,還包括其系統分類地位未定的分類元,分別如下:
- 新生腹足類支序之下系統分類地位未定的科:
- † Family Plicatusidae
- † Family Spanionematidae
- † Family Spirostylidae
- Superfamily Acteoninoidea
- † Family Acteoninidae
- † Family Anozygidae
- † Family Soleniscidae
- Superfamily Dendropupoidea
- † Family Dendropupidae
- † Family Anthracopupidae
- Superfamily Paleostyloidea
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- † Family Goniasmatidae
- † Family Pithodeidae
- Superfamily Peruneloidea
- † Family Perunelidae
- † Family Chuchlinidae
- † Family Imoglobidae
- † Family Sphaerodomidae
- Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- † Family Trajanellidae
- Superfamily Subulitoidea
- † Family Subulitidae
- † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
- grade Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005
- † Family Zygopleuridae
- Family Abyssochrysidae
- † Family Polygyrinidae
- † Family Protorculidae
- Family Provannidae
- † Family Pseudozygopleuridae
主扭舌類非正式群組(Informal group Architaenioglossa)包括下列各個總科與科:
- 瓶螺總科 Ampullarioidea J.E. Gray, 1824
- 瓶螺科 Ampullariidae J.E. Gray, 1824
- † Family Naricopsinidae
- 山蝸牛總科 Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (陸生)
- 山蝸牛科 Cyclophoridae J.E. Gray, 1847 (陸生)
- Family Aciculidae
- Family Craspedopomatidae
- Family Diplommatinidae
- † Family Ferussinidae
- Family Maizaniidae
- Family Megalomastomatidae
- Family Neocyclotidae
- Family Pupinidae
- 田螺總科 Viviparoidea
- 田螺科 Viviparidae
- † Family Pliopholygidae
此外,根據其他文獻,深水螺總科被認為跟本群組的
吸螺類(Sorbeoconcha)原為吸螺目,亦作吸腔目,由三個亞目組成:
以下為本支序之下各總科與科:
- 總科地位未定
- † Family Acanthonematidae
- † Family Canterburyellidae
- † Family Prisciphoridae
- 蟹守螺總科 Cerithioidea
- 蟹守螺科 Cerithiidae
- Family Batillariidae
- † Family Brachytrematidae
- † Family Cassiopidae
- Family Dialidae
- Family Diastomatidae
- † Family Eustomatidae
- † Family Ladinulidae
- † Family Lanascalidae
- Family Litiopidae
- † Family Maoraxidae
- Family Melanopsidae
- † Family Metacerithiidae
- Family Modulidae
- Family Pachychilidae
- Family Paludomidae
- Family Planaxidae
- Family Pleuroceridae
- † Family Popenellidae
- Family Potamididae
- † Family Procerithiidae - If the genus Argyropeza is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is not all fossil.
- † Family Prostyliferidae
- † Family Propupaspiridae
- Family Scaliolidae
- Family Siliquariidae
- † Family Terebrellidae - not a valid name
- Family Thiaridae
- 錐螺科 Turritellidae
- 鐘形蟹守螺總科 Campaniloidea
- 鐘形蟹守螺科 Campanilidae
- Family Ampullinidae
- Family Plesiotrochidae
- † Family Trypanaxidae
高腹足類(Hypsogastropoda)包括有 玉黍螺類支序(Littorinimorpha)、新腹足類支序 (Neogastropoda)及翼舌類非正式群組(Ptenoglossa),還有以下不屬於任何總科的四個化石科:
- † Family Coelostylinidae
- † Family Maturifusidae
- † Family Pommerozygiidae
- † Family Settsassiidae
玉黍螺類支序(Littorinimorpha)包括下列各個總科與科:
- 舟螺總科 Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
- 舟螺科 Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809
- Superfamily Capuloidea
- Family Capulidae
- 星黍螺總科 Cingulopsoidea
- 星黍螺科 Cingulopsidae
- Family Eatoniellidae
- Family Rastodentidae
- 寶螺總科 Cypraeoidea
- 枇杷螺總科 Ficoidea
- 玉黍螺總科 Littorinoidea
- 玉黍螺科 Littorinidae
- † Family Bohaispiridae
- Family Pickworthiidae
- Family Pomatiidae
- † Family Purpurinidae
- Family Skeneopsidae
- † Family Tripartellidae
- Family Zerotulidae
- 玉螺總科 Naticoidea
- Superfamily Pterotracheoidea
- Family Pterotracheidae
- 海蝶螺科 Atlantidae
- † Family Bellerophinidae
- 龍骨螺科 Carinariidae
- 麂眼螺總科 Rissooidea
- 麂眼螺科 麂眼螺科
- Family Amnicolidae
- Family Anabathridae
- Family Assimineidae
- Family Barleeiidae
- Family 沼螺科
- Family Caecidae
- Family Calopiidae
- Family Cochliopidae
- Family Elachisinidae
- Family Emblandidae
- Family Epigridae
- Family Falsicingulidae
- Family Helicostoidae
- 觿螺科 Hydrobiidae
- Family Hydrococcidae
- Family Iravadiidae
- Family Lithoglyphidae
- † Family Mesocochliopidae
- Family Moitessieriidae
- † Family Palaeorissoinidae
- 蓋螺科 Pomatiopsidae
- Family 粟螺科
- 齒輪螺科 Tornidae
- 截螺科 Truncatellidae
- 鳳凰螺總科 Stromboidea
- 鳳凰螺科 Strombidae
- Family Aporrhaidae
- † Family Colombellinidae
- † Family Pugnellidae
- Family Seraphsidae
- Family Struthiolariidae
- † Family Thersiteidae
- † Family Tylostomatidae
- 鶉螺總科Tonnoidea
- 鶉螺科 鶉螺科
- Family Bursidae
- Family Laubierinidae
- Family 扭法螺科
- 皮山螺科 Pisanianuridae
- 法螺科 Ranellidae
- 唐冠螺科 Cassidae
- 白彫螺總科 Vanikoroidea
- 白彫螺科 Vanikoridae
- Family Haloceratidae
- 頂蓋螺科 Hipponicidae
- † Family Omalaxidae
- 薄板螺總科 Velutinoidea
- 蛇螺總科 Vermetoidea
- 綴殼螺總科 Xenophoroidea
- 綴殼螺科 Xenophoridae
- † Family Lamelliphoridae
翼舌類(Ptenoglossa)這個非正式的群組是一個並系群,包括下列三個總科:
- 海螄螺總科 Epitonioidea
- 海螄螺科 Epitoniidae
- 紫螺科 Janthinidae
- Nystiellidae科
- 瓷螺總科 Eulimoidea
- 左錐螺總科 Triphoroidea
- 左錐螺科 Triphoridae
- 蟹寓螺科 Cerithiopsidae
- Family Newtoniellidae
新腹足類支序(Neogastropoda)包括以下各個總科:
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- † Family Johnwyattiidae
- † Family Perissityidae
- † Family Sarganidae
- † Family Speightiidae
- † Family Taiomidae
- † Family Weeksiidae
- 峨螺總科 Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 峨螺科 Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 布紋螺科 Colubrariidae Dall, 1904
- 核螺科 麥螺科 Swainson, 1840:又名麥螺科[7]
- 旋螺科 Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853:又名細帶螺科[8]
- 香螺科 香螺科 Gill, 1871 (1854):==Galeodidae,又名盔螺科[9]
- 織紋螺科 Nassariidae Iredale, 1916 (1835)
- 骨螺總科(Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815)
- 榧螺總科(Olivoidea Latreille, 1825)[9]
- 擬榧螺總科(Pseudolivoidea (de Gregorio, 1880))
- 擬榧螺科(Pseudolividae (de Gregorio, 1880))
- Family Ptychatractidae
- 芋螺總科(Conoidea Fleming, 1822)
- 芋螺科(Conidae Fleming, 1822)
- Family Clavatulidae
- Family Drilliidae
- Family Pseudomelatomidae
- Family Strictispiridae
- Family Terebridae
- Family Turridae
- 核螺總科(Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851)
異鰓類支序(Heterobranchia)大致可以分成以下三個非正式群組:
- 異鰓類(Heterobranchia)
- 後鰓類(Opisthobranchia)及
- 有肺類(Pulmonata)
下異鰓類非正式群組("Lower Heterobranchia";= Allogastropoda)
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- Family Cimidae
- † Family Dolomitellidae
- † Family Heterosubulitidae
- † Family Kuskokwimiidae
- † Family Misurinellidae
- Family Orbitestellidae
- Family Tjaernoeiidae
- Family Xylodisculidae
- Superfamily Acteonoidea
- Family Acteonidae
- † Family Acteonellidae
- Family Aplustridae
- Family Bullinidae
- † Family Zardinellidae
- Superfamily Architectonicoidea
- Family Architectonicidae
- † Family Amphitomariidae
- † Family Cassianaxidae
- Superfamily Glacidorboidea
- Family Glacidorbidae
- Superfamily Mathildoidea
- Family Mathildidae
- † Family Ampezzanildidae
- † Family Anoptychiidae
- † Family Gordenellidae
- † Family Tofanellidae
- † Family Trachoecidae
- Superfamily Nerineoidea
- † Family Nerineidae
- † Family Ceritellidae
- † Family Nerinellidae
- Superfamily Omalogyroidea
- Family Omalogyridae
- † Family Studraxidae
- Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
- Family Pyramidellidae
- Family Amathinidae
- † Family Heteroneritidae
- Family Murchisonellidae
- 露齒螺總科 Ringiculoidea
- 露齒螺科 Ringiculidae
- Superfamily Rissoelloidea
- Family Rissoellidae
- Superfamily Streptacidoidea
- † Family Streptacididae
- † Family Cassianebalidae
- Superfamily Valvatoidea
- Family Valvatidae
- Family Cornirostridae
- Family Hyalogyrinidae
- † Family Provalvatidae
後鰓類非正式群組(Opisthobranchia)源自原來的後鰓目,包括以下八個分類:
- 頭楯目(Cephalaspidea)
- 有殼翼足類支序(Thecosomata)
- 裸體翼足類支序(Gymnosomata)
- 海鹿形支序(Aplysiomorpha)
- 囊舌類支序(Sacoglossa)
- Umbraculida
- 裸側類(Nudipleura)及
- Acochlidiacea與Cylindrobullida這兩個群組。
頭楯目(Cephalaspidea)包括以下五個總科:
- 棗螺總科 Bulloidea:當時還未包括現時的米螺科
- 棗螺科 Bullidae
- Superfamily Diaphanoidea
- Family Diaphanidae
- Family Notodiaphanidae
- 長葡萄螺總科 Haminoeoidea
- 長葡萄螺科 Haminoeidae
- 泥螺科 Bullactidae
- 翡翠螺科 Smaragdinellidae
- 殼蛞蝓總科 Philinoidea
- 殼蛞蝓科 Philinidae:又名薄泡螺科
- 擬海牛科 Aglajidae
- 盒螺科 Cylichnidae
- 腹翼螺科 Gastropteridae[10]
- Family Philinoglossidae
- Family Plusculidae
- 凹塔螺科 Retusidae
- 羽葉鰓總科 Runcinoidea
- 羽葉鰓科 Runcinidae
- Family Ilbiidae
有殼翼足類支序(Thecosomata)包括以下各個科與總科:
- Superfamily Cavolinioidea
- Family Cavoliniidae
- Family Limacinidae
- † Family Sphaerocinidae
- Superfamily Cymbulioidea
- Family Cymbuliidae
- Family Desmopteridae
- Family Peraclidae
裸體翼足類支序(Gymnosomata)包括以下兩個總科:
- Superfamily Clionoidea
- Family Clionidae
- Family Cliopsidae
- Family Notobranchaeidae
- Family Pneumodermatidae
- Superfamily Hydromyloidea
- Family Hydromylidae
- Family Laginiopsidae
- Superfamily Acochlidioidea
- Family Acochlidiidae
- Superfamily Hedylopsoidea
- Family Hedylopsidae
- Family Ganitidae
- Family Livorniellidae
- Family Minicheviellidae
- Family Parhedylidae
- Family Tantulidae
- Superfamily Palliohedyloidea
- Family Palliohedylidae
- Superfamily Strubellioidea
- Family Strubelliidae
- Family Pseudunelidae
囊舌類支序(Sacoglossa)包括下列兩個亞支序:
長足亞支序(Oxynoacea)皆為有殼物種[11],成員如下:
- 長足總科 Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847):本總科物種。
海天牛亞支序(Placobranchacea)主要成員皆為沒有殼的物種,詳細如下:
- 筒柱螺總科 Cylindrobulloidea
傘螺類支序(Umbraculida)包括由下列兩個科組成的傘螺總科:
- 傘螺總科 Umbraculoidea
- 傘螺科 Umbraculidae
- Family Tylodinidae
側鰓類亞支序(Pleurobranchomorpha)只有一個總科:
- Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea
- Family Pleurobranchidae
裸鰓類亞支序(Nudibranchia)大致可以分為下列三個部份:
有角鰓類支序(Euctenidiacea ,即Holohepatica) Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and 海蛞蝓亞支序
- Superfamily Bathydoridoidea
- Family Bathydorididae
- Superfamily Doridoidea
- Family Dorididae
- Family Actinocyclidae
- Family Chromodorididae
- Family Discodorididae
- 葉海牛總科 Phyllidioidea Rafinesque, 1814
- 葉海牛科 Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
- 枝鰓海麒麟科 Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 (1864)
- Family Mandeliidae Valdés & Gosliner, 1999
- Superfamily Onchidoridoidea
- Family Onchidorididae
- Family Corambidae
- Family Goniodorididae
- 多角海蛞蝓總科 Polyceroidea (= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
- 多角海蛞蝓科 Polyceridae
- Family Aegiretidae - Aegiretidae is incorrect subsequent spelling of this family in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Correct is Aegiridae.
- Family Gymnodorididae
- Family Hexabranchidae
- Family Okadaiidae
無角鰓類支序(Dexiarchia,即Actenidiacea)包括Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia兩個支序:
- Superfamily Doridoxoidea
- Family Doridoxidae
Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida
- Not assigned to a superfamily
- Family Charcotiidae
- Family Dironidae
- Family Dotidae
- Family Embletoniidae
- Family Goniaeolididae
- Family Heroidae
- Family Madrellidae
- Family Pinufiidae
- Family Proctonotidae
- Superfamily Arminoidea
- Family Arminidae
- Family Doridomorphidae
- 三歧海牛總科 Tritonioidea Lamarck, 1809
- 三歧海牛科 Tritoniidae Lamarck, 1809
- Family Aranucidae
- 二列鰓海牛科 Bornellidae
- 枝背海牛科 Dendronotidae
- Family Hancockiidae
- Family Lomanotidae
- Family Phylliroidae
- Family Scyllaeidae
- Family Tethydidae
- Superfamily Flabellinoidea ( = Pleuroprocta)
- Family Flabellinidae
- Family Notaeolidiidae
- Superfamily Fionoidea
- Family Fionidae
- Family Calmidae
- Family Eubranchidae
- Family Pseudovermidae
- Family Tergipedidae
- 蓑海牛總科 Aeolidioidea
- 蓑海牛科 Aeolidiidae
- 灰翼科 Facelinidae
- 海神鰓科 Glaucidae
- Family Piseinotecidae
非正式群組基眼類(Basommatophora)除包括高腹足類支序以外,還包括下列兩個總科:
- 兩棲螺總科 Amphiboloidea
- Superfamily Siphonarioidea
- Family Siphonariidae
- † Family Acroreiidae
喜濕螺類支序(Hygrophila)包括以下各個總科:
- 斜頂螺總科 Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
- 斜頂螺科 Acroloxidae Thiele, 1931
- Superfamily Chilinoidea Dall, 1870
- Family Chilinidae Dall, 1870
- Family Latiidae Hutton, 1882
- 椎實螺總科(Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815)
- 椎實螺科(Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815)
- 扁蜷總科(Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815)
- 扁蜷科(Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815)
- 膀胱螺科(Physidae Fitzinger, 1833,又名囊螺科)
真有肺類支序(Eupulmonata)除包括收眼類支序和柄眼類支序兩個支序以外,還包括下列各總科與科:
- Superfamily Trimusculoidea
- Family Trimusculidae
- Superfamily Otinoidea
- Family Otinidae
- Family Smeagolidae
- 耳螺總科 Ellobioidea(舊屬原始有肺目)
收眼類支序(Systellommatophora=Gymnomorpha)之下有兩總科[14],分別為:
- 石磺總科 Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 石磺科 Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815
- 皺足蛞蝓總科 Veronicelloidea Gray, 1840
柄眼類支序(Stylommatophora)包括下列兩個亞支序與一個非正式群組:
板顎類亞支序(Subclade Elasmognatha)包括:
直尿道類支序(Orthurethra)包括下列各總科與科:
- 帕圖螺超科(Partuloidea)
- 帕圖螺科(Partulidae)
- Draparnaudiidae
- 小瑪瑙螺超科(Achatinelloidea)
- 小瑪瑙螺科(Achatinellidae)
- 槲果螺超科(Cochlicopoidea)
- 槲果螺科(Cochlicopidae)
- 同紋螺科(Amastridae)
- 蛹蝸牛超科(Pupilloidea)
- 虹蛹螺科(Pupillidae)
- Argnidae
- 粒蛹螺科(Chondrinidae)
- Cylindrellinidae(已滅絕)
- Lauriidae
- 蛹狀螺科(Orculidae)
- Pleurodiscus
- Pyramidula
- Spelaeoconchidae
- Spelaeodiscidae
- 球果螺科(Strobilopsidae)
- 瓦婁蝸牛科(Valloniidae)
- 旋螺科(Vertiginidae)
- 艾納螺超科(Enoidea)
- 艾納螺科(Enidae)
- 霜納螺科(Cerastidae Wenz, 1923)
彎尿道類非正式群組(Sigmurethra)包括下列各分類單元:
- 煙管蝸牛總科 Clausilioidea Gray, 1855
- 煙管蝸牛科 Clausiliidae Gray, 1855
- † Family Anadromidae
- † Family Filholiidae
- † Family Palaeostoidae
- 綵帶螺超科(Orthalicoidea)
- 綵帶螺科(Orthalicidae)
- 蜂窩蝸牛科(Cerionidae)
- Coelociontidae
- Grangerellidae(已滅絕)
- Megaspiridae
- Placostylidae
- 尾刺螺科(Urocoptidae)
- 非洲大蝸牛總科 Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
- 非洲大蝸牛科 Achatinidae Swainson, 1840
- Family Micractaeonidae Schileyko, 1999
- 鑽頭螺科 Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
- 愛麗蛞蝓超科(Aillyoidea)
- 愛麗蛞蝓科(Aillyidae)
- 小殼螺超科(Testacelloidea)
- 小殼蛞蝓科(Testacellidae)
- 橡子螺科(Oleacinidae)
- 旋軸螺科(Spiraxidae)
- Papillodermatoidea
- Papillodermatidae
- 扭軸蝸牛超科(Streptaxoidea)
- 扭軸蝸牛科(Streptaxidae)
- 彩釉蝸牛超科(Rhytidoidea)
- 彩釉蝸牛科(Rhytididae)
- 斗蓬螺科(Chlamydephoridae)
- 單孔螺科(Haplotrematidae)
- Scolodontidae
- 紅蝸牛超科(Acavoidea)
- 針狀螺科(Acavidae)
- 硬殼螺科(Caryodidae)
- 羚管螺科(Dorcasiidae)
- Macrocyclis
- Megomphicidae
- 玫瑰口蝸牛科(Strophocheilidae)
- 圈螺超科(Plectopyloidea)
- 圈螺科(Plectopylidae)
- 瞳孔蝸牛科(Corillidae)
- Sculptaria
- 粟蝸牛超科(Punctoidea)
- 粟蝸牛科(Punctidae)
- Anastomopsidae(已滅絕)
- 茶色蝸牛科(Charopidae)
- Cystopeltidae
- Patulidae
- 內齒螺科(Endodontidae)
- Helicodiscidae
- 山地蝸牛科(Oreohelicidae)
- 盾狀螺科(Thyrophorellidae)
- 袋螺超科(Sagdoidea)
- 袋螺科(Sagdidae)
- 旋蝸牛超科(Helicoidea)
- Staffordioidea
- Staffordiidae
- Dyakioidea
- Dyakiidae
- 腹齒螺總科 Gastrodontoidea[15]
- 小盾螺超科(Parmacelloidea)
- 小盾螺科(Parmacellidae)
- 小蛞蝓科(Milacidae)
- 三角外套蛞蝓科(Trigonochlamydidae)
- 帶螺超科(Zonitoidea)
- 帶螺科(Zonitidae)
- 鱉甲蝸牛超科(Helicarionoidea)
- 背盾蛞蝓超科(Limacoidea)
- 歐洲蛞蝓超科(Arionoidea)
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Family Aillyidae
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Family Testacellidae
- Family Oleacinidae
- Family Spiraxidae
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Family Streptaxidae
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family Rhytididae
- Family Chlamydephoridae
- Family Haplotrematidae
- Family Scolodontidae
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Family Acavidae
- Family Caryodidae
- Family Dorcasiidae
- Family Macrocyclidae
- Family Megomphicidae
- Family Strophocheilidae
- Superfamily Plectopyloidea
- Family Plectopylidae
- Family Corillidae
- Family Sculptariidae
- Superfamily Punctoidea
- Family Punctidae
- † Family Anastomopsidae
- Family Charopidae
- Family Cystopeltidae
- Family Discidae
- Family Endodontidae
- Family Helicodiscidae
- Family Oreohelicidae
- Family Thyrophorellidae
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
- Family Sagdidae
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa that probably belong to the superfamily Gastrodontoidea:
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Helicarionidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
Two other superfamilies are part of the clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade:
- 總科 Arionoidea
- 科 Arionidae
- 科 Anadenidae
- 科 Ariolimacidae
- 科 Binneyidae
- 科 Oopeltidae
- 科 Philomycidae
- Superfamily Helicoidea
- Family Helicidae
- Family Bradybaenidae
- 堅齒螺科 Camaenidae
- Family Cepolidae
- Family Cochlicellidae
- Family Elonidae
- Family Epiphragmophoridae
- Family Halolimnohelicidae
- Family Helicodontidae
- 扁雕蝸牛科 Helminthoglyptidae
- Family Humboldtianidae
- Family Hygromiidae
- Family Monadeniidae
- 高腰蝸牛科 Pleurodontidae
- Family Polygyridae
- Family Sphincterochilidae
- Family Thysanophoridae
- Family Trissexodontidae
- Family 古巴蝸牛科 Xanthonychidae
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