田螺泛指田螺科（學名：Viviparidae）的淡水腹足綱軟體動物。平均只有拇指頭大小，有角質口蓋（螺厴），殼口相對比較大。螺螄是田螺科動物的通稱[4]。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲。
根據在2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科屬主扭舌目的成員。
分佈
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲. There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.[5]
分類
舊屬前鰓亞綱的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員[6][7]，約有17屬百餘種。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科物種大致可分為三個亞科[6]：
- 田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
- 環棱螺亞科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
- 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
田螺科包括下列各屬：
- Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
- † Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
- 河螺屬 Rivularia Heude, 1890[8]
- Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
- Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
- 田螺屬 Viviparus Montfort, 1810：模式屬，目前只餘下六個現生種。異名有：Vivipara（詞性錯誤，不採用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812
- Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
- 角螺屬 Angulyagra Rao, 1931[9]
- 環螺螄屬 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只見於中國雲南，其物種舊屬螺螄屬[10][11]
- Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
- 環棱螺屬 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886：亞科的模式屬；
- Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
- Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
- 圓田螺屬 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912[10][9]
- Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885
- Filopaludina Habe, 1964
- Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一個物種，就是Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)；
- Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
- Larina A. Adams, 1851[1]
- 螺螄屬 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只見於中國雲南，和圓田螺屬關係較近[10]。
- 湄公螺屬 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
- Neclarina Iredale, 1943
- Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
- Notopala Cotton, 1935[12]
- 石田螺屬 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺屬關係較近[10]。
- Taia Annandale, 1918
- 璽螺螄屬 璽螺螄屬 He, 2013[11]：只見於中國雲南，有兩個物種，均舊屬螺螄屬[10]。
- † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
- Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
- 擬小螺屬 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974[13]
- Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
- Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
- Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
- Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
- Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
- Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
- Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
- Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
異名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
- Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
- 平圓螺屬 Lioplax Troschel, 1856[14]：異名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次異名）
- †Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002[15]：得名於澳大利亞新南威爾斯州的阿爾布（Albian）[15]。
- †Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006[16] This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
- †Fretacaeles Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2006
- †Kaya Van Damme & Pickford, 1999
- †Lioplacodes Meek, 1864
- †Macromargarya Ying, Fürsich & Schneider, 2013
- †Metohia Popović, 1964 ：次異名，因為已有Metohia Absolon, 1927（一種介形綱動物）使用了本屬名。
- †Popovicia Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2015
- †Proviviparus
- †Proviviparus talbragarensis [17]
Life cycle
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.[18]
參考資料
延伸閱讀
外部連結
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