唐冠螺科（學名：Cassidae）[1]:171，亦作冠螺科，是一個腹足綱軟體動物的科，其物種為中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺[2]。舊屬中腹足目及異腹足目，今屬玉黍螺類支序鶉螺總科[2][3]。
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本科現時有約60個物種，例如：萬寶螺（Cypraecassis rufa）。
命名
若按唐冠螺屬的學名來命名，本科的學名應作「Cassididae」，但這樣就會跟另一種甲蟲分類龜金花蟲科 的學名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基於Cassida Linnaeus, 1758，金花蟲科物種，但現時已降格成為龜金花蟲亞科）相衝。所以ICZN根據Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129)，接受了現時的學名，以避免重覆命名的出現[2]。
分佈
本科物種分佈於熱帶海域及溫帶的潮間帶，水深可達100米。日間會埋在海底的沙裏，到晚上才出來活動。
形態特徵
本物種螺殼的手性均為右旋。體型通常很大。螺厴長圓形，薄而且有尖刺，能完全覆蓋其長長的殼口。水管溝直或微彎。殼口外唇較厚，內裏有齒。
解剖
本科物種的外套膜很大，腹足大而且厚肉。頭部有可伸縮的長鼻，可協助捕食。眼睛在一對觸角的基部。
食性
本科物種以棘皮動物（特別是海膽）為食：冠螺科物種的頭部有長長的口器，連接兩個大大的長鼻腺，可分泌出一種含豐富硫酸的分泌液[4]。冠螺會先用其腹足夾緊海膽，然後再分泌酸液在其外殼融解出一個洞，再從這個洞伸進齒舌去刮食海膽的肉[4]。
分類
在布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)，作者依從Riedel (1995)，唐冠螺科仍然被列作鶉螺科（Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825)）之下的一個亞科（Cassinae Latreille, 1825）[3][5]，直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才將本分類提升到科級層次[6][7]。
本科包括下列各屬[2]：
- 唐冠螺亞科 Cassinae Latreille, 1825 == 卵螺亞科 Oocorythinae P. Fischer, 1885
- 鬘螺亞科 Phaliinae Beu, 1981
以下各屬被認為是異名：
- Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
- Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
- Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
- Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777
- Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
- Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- † Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
- Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
圖庫
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Galeodea rugosa -
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Semicassis granulata
人類使用
Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.
- The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.
- The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.
- The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.
- The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.
參考文獻
外部連結
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