玉黍螺科

玉黍螺科（學名：Littorinidae），又名濱螺科^[3]，原屬中腹足目^[4]或盤足目^[5]，今屬新生腹足類支序（Caenogastropoda）高腹足類支序（Hypsogastropoda）玉黍螺形類支序（Littorinimorpha）的玉黍螺總科（Littorinoidea）。包括有200多個物種。

玉黍螺科
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
總科：	玉黍螺總科 Littorinoidea
科：	玉黍螺科 Littorinidae Children, 1834[1]
多樣性[2]
2 freshwater species and numerous marine species. (There are altogether 222 species of Littorinidae mentioned in Wikipedia on 4 August 2010)

分類

根據《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)》，本科屬於新生腹足類，包括有以下三個亞科：

• 玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
• Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
• Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

屬

玉黍螺科包括下列各屬^[6]：

玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae

• Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003：有四個物種。
• Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970：有五個物種。
• Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
• Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;^[7]Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009^[7]
• 玉黍螺屬 Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
• Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus
• Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885^[8]
• Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
• 結節濱螺屬 Nodilittorinavon Martens, 1897^[9]
• 豆濱螺屬 Peasiella Nevill, 1885
• 塔玉黍螺屬Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833：有11個物種，其異名或亞屬包括 Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942

Lacuninae

• Bembicium Philippi, 1846
• Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869^[8][10]- freshwater snails living in waterfalls.^[2]
• Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
• Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
• Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902

Laevilitorininae

• Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886

subfamily ?

• Algamorda Dall, 1918
• Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
• Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966

Synonyms

• Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885^{[來源請求]}

參考文獻

1. Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
2. Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166.

   hdl:10088/7390

   doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
3. 香港紅樹林的動物. 香港特別行政區漁農自然護理署. 2014-07-11 [2015-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-02） （中文（繁體））.
4. 国际贝库：巨塔玉黍螺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2015-02-15）.
5. Littoraria melanostoma 黑口玉黍螺. 香港特別行政區漁農自然護理署. [2018-05-31] （中文（繁體））.^{[永久失效連結]}
6. Littorinidae. WoRMS.
7. Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
8. (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA^{[永久失效連結]}. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
9. S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood. A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003, 1 (1): 60–86. PMID 12801472. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-05）.
10. Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.

• Littorinidae. ITIS.
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

延伸閱讀

David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams. The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina (PDF). Record of the Australian Museum. 2004, 56: 75–122 [2015-02-15]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2005-01-06）.

外部連結

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