同樣在16世紀，與阿拉伯世界的貿易令威尼斯獲得了包括咖啡在內的非洲商品，威尼斯商人則向威尼斯的上流階級高價推銷咖啡[9]。起初意大利的宗教人士對咖啡這種穆斯林飲料持懷疑態度，並稱咖啡為「撒旦的苦澀發明（bitter invention of Satan）」或是「阿拉伯酒（wine of Araby）」[19]，1600年，教宗克勉八世對咖啡的爭議作出裁決，在教宗品嚐咖啡後認為可以飲用，並祝福了咖啡。[14]。
1616年，荷蘭商人彼得·范登布羅克從也門摩卡獲得了一些阿拉比卡咖啡樹苗並帶回了阿姆斯特丹，還在當地植物園種植成功[20]。1658年，荷蘭人首先在其殖民地錫蘭和印度南部開始種植咖啡，但出於避免供應過剩而降低價格的考量，最終放棄了在錫蘭種植，專註於爪哇和蘇裏南的種植園。[10][21][22]
維也納咖啡（Viennese）：其製作方式為將糖或粗砂糖放入杯內再倒入熱咖啡，杯上擠入鮮奶油以及朱古力膏，最終撒上彩色糖粒裝飾即可。[60]此種製法可追溯至1683年，當時烏克蘭裔波蘭軍官耶日·弗朗西澤克·庫奇茨基（英語：Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki）開設了奧地利首家咖啡館並在維也納開業，其普及了在咖啡中加糖和牛奶的製作和飲用方式。[61][62]而維也納咖啡傳說是由奧地利馬車夫愛因·舒伯納發明。
白咖啡（英語：white coffee，又稱：怡保白咖啡(英語：Ipoh white coffee)）：起源於馬來西亞怡保，其使用經過人造牛油烘培的咖啡豆，沖泡好後加入甜煉乳的飲品。[63]19世紀和20世紀初英國錫礦公司在怡保設立錫礦，而中國移民則在怡保錫礦工作，白咖啡是19世紀中後期移民馬來亞的海南人出於華人不習慣咖啡味道而發明。[64]從本質上是一種鮮奶咖啡。在美國，白咖啡也指輕度烘培的咖啡豆，使用意式沖煮，具有較強酸味的咖啡。
Topik, Steven; Pomeranz, Kenneth. 3.3 Mocha Is Not Chocolate. The World That Trade Created. Routledge. 2014-12-18 [2018-06-08]. ISBN 9781317453826 –透過Google Books. Although Coffea arabica appeared in a native plant in Ethiopia, the coffee beverage was probably developed around 1400 in the Yemeni city of Mocha.
Mussatto, Solange I.; Machado, Ercília M. S.; Martins, Silvia; Teixeira, José A. Production, Composition, and Application of Coffee and Its Industrial Residues. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2011, 4 (5): 661–672. ISSN 1935-5130. doi:10.1007/s11947-011-0565-z.
FAOSTAT Core Trade Data (commodities/years). FAO Statistics Division. 2007 [2007-10-24]. （原始內容存檔於2007-10-14）. To retrieve export values: Select the "commodities/years" tab. Under "subject", select "Export value of primary commodity." Under "country," select "World." Under "commodity," hold down the shift key while selecting all commodities under the "single commodity" category. Select the desired year and click "show data." A list of all commodities and their export values will be displayed.
Pendergrast, Mark. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. London: Texere. 2001: p. 20–24. [1999]. ISBN 1-58799-088-1. 引文格式1維護：冗餘文本 (link)
The 19th-century orientalist Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy edited the first two chapters of al-Jaziri's manuscript and included it in the second edition of his Chrestomathie Arabe (Paris, 1826, 3 vols.). Antoine Galland's De l'origine et du progrès du Café (1699) was recently reissued (Paris: Editions La Bibliothèque, 1992).
Al-Jaziri's manuscript work is of considerable interest with regard to the history of coffee in Europe as well. A copy reached the French royal library, where it was translated in part by Antoine Galland as De l'origine et du progrès du café.
Schneider, Irene. Ebussuud. Stolleis, Michael (編). Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert 2nd. München: Beck. 2001: 193. ISBN 3-406-45957-9（德語）.
Some sources even claim that one of the Dutch seedlings had originally come from Surinam: Jean Benoît Désiré Cochet, Galerie dieppoise: notices biographiques sur les hommes célèbres ou utiles, 1862, p. 178. full text at Google Books
Adams, John. John Adams to Abigail Adams. The Adams Papers: Digital Editions: Adams Family Correspondence, Volume 1. Massachusetts Historical Society. 1774-07-06 [2014-02-25]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-04）. I believe I forgot to tell you one Anecdote: When I first came to this House it was late in the Afternoon, and I had ridden 35 miles at least. 「Madam」 said I to Mrs. Huston, 「is it lawfull for a weary Traveller to refresh himself with a Dish of Tea provided it has been honestly smuggled, or paid no Duties?」 「No sir, said she, we have renounced all Tea in this Place. I cant make Tea, but I'le make you Coffee.」 Accordingly I have drank Coffee every Afternoon since, and have borne it very well. Tea must be universally renounced. I must be weaned, and the sooner, the better.
Aregay, Merid W. The Early History of Ethiopia's Coffee Trade and the Rise of Shawa. The Journal of African History. 1988, 29 (1, Special Issue in Honour of Roland Oliver): 20. JSTOR 182236. S2CID 154548717. doi:10.1017/s0021853700035969.
Rankin, Beth. LDU Brings Australian Coffee Culture to Fitzhugh Avenue. Dallas Observer. 2 March 2018 [19 March 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-25）. Espresso is a big part of this menu. Try the long black ($3 to $3.50), a double shot of espresso over hot water, comparable to an Americano.
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