戴安娜·鮑姆林德是一位着重研究教養方式分類的學者。她的研究被熟知為「鮑姆林德的教養類型學」。在研究中,她發現共有四種基本元素可構成成功的教養方式:響應性、非響應性、絕對化要求與非絕對化要求(responsiveness vs. unresponsiveness and demanding vs. undemanding)。[36]父母響應性質父母以支持於接受的方式相應孩子的需求。[37][需要較佳來源]通過她的研究,鮑姆林德起初提出了三種教養方式:「專制式教養方式」、「放任式教養方式」與「權威加民主式教養方式」。 麥科比與馬丁通過區分絕對化要求與非絕對化要求擴展了鮑姆林德的教養方式。[38]這些區分形成了四種全新的教養方式:
More information 麥科比與馬丁的四種教養方式 鮑姆林德的三種教養方式, 絕對化要求 ...
專制教養是一種約束性、重刑罰的教養方式。對孩子使用此種教養方式的父母會讓其子女強制服從其指令,但不對其指令做出解釋或反饋,也不注意孩子和家庭的感覺或地位。[39][43]專制型父母通常會偏好體罰(英語:Corporal punishment in the home)(如打屁股)和叫喊的管教方式。此教養方式的目標(出於好意的情況下)是通過讓孩子在作出不當行為的時候面對負面反饋(如憤怒和攻擊性行為)來讓孩子在嚴酷、無情的社會中像大人一樣學會循規守矩、茁壯成長。除此之外,這種教養方式的支持者通常認為若父母對孩子施加急性和慢性壓力,則孩子長大後就會受到較少的攻擊性行為。[來源請求]
專制教養方法的特定方面在某些文化和民族中較為流行,如被亞裔美國家庭所使用並被其他文化中的父母模仿的亞洲傳統育兒方式有時會被描述為專制。[39]雖然這種方式存在惡劣結果的風險(如家裏蹲和印度(英語:Suicide in India)、中國、韓國自殺率上升和一類的亞洲文化現象),但也可能導致了比鮑姆林德的模型的預測結果更高的兒童成績中位數結果。[來源請求]奎弗滿爾(英語:Quiverfull)式父母通常使用專制式教養方式。[來源請求]此外,雖然已知專制式教養會帶來負面影響,但有理由認為,專制式教養的結果還是會好過溺愛。像例如一項2014年楊百翰大學的研究指出,溺愛子女的父母,其子女酗酒風險是一般狀況下的三倍;而雖然專制的父母,其子女酗酒的風險也比較高,但僅為一般狀況下的兩倍。[47]
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