於西元179年漢朝(西元前202-後220年)時期編纂而由劉徽(活躍於西元3世紀)於西元263年評註的《九章算術》一書中[107]之算籌記數系統,黑籌表示負數,而紅籌表示正數。[108]劉徽還使用算籌傾斜擺放來表示負數。[108]負數以一「+」號表示也於古印度巴克沙利手稿(Bakhshali Manuscript)中出現,但學者們對其何時編纂的看法分歧,其意見歸總在西元200至西元600年間。[109]印度人約在西元630年一定知曉負數;當時的數學家婆羅摩笈多(西元598-668年)正使用負數。[108] 在歐洲負數由希臘數學家丟番圖(活躍於3世紀)於西元275年左右首度使用,然而在西方直到西元1545年,意大利數學家吉羅拉莫·卡爾達諾(西元1501-1576年)所著《大術》(Ars Magna,英文 The Great Art)出現之前一直被認為是荒謬的。[108]
象棋的準確起源已經不可考。歷史學者李祥甫(David H. Li)主張它首先由漢朝(西元前202-後220年)開國名將韓信(卒於前196年)發明。韓信由於被呂后(卒於前180年)誣陷謀反,而騙入宮內處死,因此韓信的沙盤推演很快的就與其許多流傳下來的東西搭上關係。[188]不過,李祥甫表示,韓信兵棋推演後來由北周武帝(約西元561-578年)還原,成為今日兩方棋子字面上同義可互換的象棋。[189]雖然後來象棋在隋朝(西元581-618年)遭禁,然而到了唐代(西元618-907年)唐太宗(約西元626-649年)卻對象棋十分著迷,而當時詩人如白居易(西元772-846年)甚至專為其賦詩。[190][191]象棋後來經過各方努力,衍生出許多變種,如暗棋、朝鮮將棋。
雖然羅伯特·坦普爾和李約瑟皆推測合成鋼工藝在更早前就存在了,然而第一個融合熟鐵與鑄鐵以生產鋼鐵的明確文字記載是來自6世紀道家匠人綦母懷文,他自543年至550年追隨北魏將領高歡(496年-597年,後來被尊為北齊高祖神武帝)。[223][224][225]唐朝(618年-907年)於659年刊行的《新修本草》亦介紹了將熟鐵與鑄鐵一起攪拌加熱的過程,並指出鋼鐵製品是用來鍛造鐮刀和刀。[226][224]至於後面《新修本草》的記載,蘇頌(1020年-1101年)也提出了類似的說明,並指出鋼鐵在造劍上的利用。[227][224]在明朝(1368年-1644年),宋應星(1587年-1666年)1637年的著作《天工開物》是第一種文獻詳細描述鋼鐵製程者,該書指出熟鐵先被鍛打成細小的薄板,包成鐵片束,最後鑄鐵堆於其上後下壓。[228][224]在熔爐中鑄鐵將先融化,「滲淋入」熟鐵中;一旦融合,這半成品將進行重複多次被取出熔爐鍛造、加熱、並捶打等一系列過程。[228][224]坦普爾和李約瑟兩位學者皆表示這些製程比後來卡爾·威廉·西門子(Carl Wilhelm Siemens,1823年-1883年)平爐年代更早。[225][229]
儘管油墨英文 India Ink 得其名是在西方世界僅知碳質顏料產自印度之後,不過歷史上油墨最早是在中國出現;某些學者說它早在西元前3千年就已被製造出來,而其他學者表示墨可能一直要到曹魏(西元220-265年)時期才發明。[239][240][241][242]雖然早期墨混合物中包含了松煙,宋朝學者沈括(西元1031-1095年)是第一位從石油油煙中提取墨的人。[243]李時珍(西元1518-1593年)後來記載這種方法產生的墨光澤如漆,遠優於松煙製成的墨。[244][245][246][247][248]
雖然擒縱機構最早由希臘的拜占廷人斐羅(Philo of Byzantium)所發明,當時用於機械式盥洗台的一部分,[312]不過用於鐘錶機械的擒縱機制最早是由唐代(618年-907年)比丘僧暨朝廷天文學家、數學家、工程師一行(683年-727年)開發,以供其一如張衡(78年-139年)所發明的水力推動渾象儀運轉,並且這種機構也可於後來張思訓(活躍於10世紀晚期)與蘇頌(1020年-1101年)所作渾儀/儀象台上找到。[276][313][314][315][316][317]一行的擒縱機構讓每隔一刻擊鼓,每隔一時辰撞鐘,其本身就是撞鐘的一種。[318][319]不像現代擒縱機構採用懸吊震盪擺臂以停留/釋放這機構里小型旋轉齒輪上的鈎子,中國古代早期的擒縱機構利用重力與水力來達成目的。[320]在蘇頌的儀象台中,初始時樞輪(它在機構的里扮演的腳色一如齒輪)被左、右天鎖抵住輪輻,整個樞輪無法轉動[321];由平水壺經導管流出的水注入樞輪上的受水壺中;[322]受水壺中無水時,受水壺被托在壺底的格叉架住,所以能接受注水;當注入壺中的水到一定重量,格叉就托不住受水壺,開始下降;[322]格叉下降,受水壺也隨之下降,裝在壺側的鐵撥牙就向下擊開關舌;關舌拉動聯在其上的天條,天條再拉下天衡(槓桿)的天權端;天衡天關端隨之抬起,帶動天關,打開左天鎖;左天鎖打開,則樞輪被允許在受水壺中水的重力作用下轉過一輻;接著,因壺側的鐵撥牙已滑過關舌,天條鬆弛,天衡在左天鎖、天關及天衡左側杆的重力作用下,左端下落,抵住樞輪上的下一個輻板,使樞輪不能繼續轉動[323];同時,天衡右端抬起,並經天條拉起關舌,等候下一次撥擊。右天鎖的作用是防止樞輪因突然被左天鎖抵住而產生的反彈。受水壺在撥過關舌後,其中的水便落入下方的退水壺中。[324][322]應當指出的是,古人發明之流體驅動、間些性工作擒縱機制與後來西方中世紀晚期機械鐘里的真正擒縱機構「僅在名稱上達到共識」;而該中世紀擒縱機構利用砝碼取代水力以產生源源不斷但平穩的節拍。[325][326][327]
宋朝(960年-1279年)學者歐陽修(1007年-1072年)分析所謂的刻有金文的古文物,而他後來保留了約400片拓片;[362]學者伊沛霞(Patricia Ebrey)寫道歐陽修開創了金石學的早期思想。[363]由呂大臨(1046年至1092年)所編纂的《考古圖》是目前所知最古老的目錄之一,它有系統地描述和分類出土的古文物;該目錄記載繪製朝廷與私人珍藏、可追溯到商朝(前1600年-前1050年)到漢朝(公元前202-後220年)的銅制文物210件、玉制文物13件。[364]另一個目錄是宋徽宗(約1082年至1135年)年間的《重修宣和博古圖》(於1111年至1125年間編纂),精選840件器皿與拓片。[361][362][365]這目錄曾為學者洪邁(1123年-1202年)所批評。他發現,某些器皿書面上描述可追溯至漢代是不正確的,這是他將這些器皿與他手頭實際上獲得自漢代的研究標本相比較下所得的結果。[365]宋朝學者們建立了一個正式系統,以透過檢視其銘文、裝飾基本風格、以及其天然形狀來鑑定這些古物的日期。[364]宋朝學者趙明誠(1181年-1129年)強調利用古老的碑文,以糾正後來討論古事(如日期、歷史事件的地理位置、族譜、以及正式頭銜等)時的不一致之處與錯誤時的重要性。[362][364][366]古代於器皿上的明文也用在祭祀中以重演古禮。[364][367]與其討論古禮如何重演,學者沈括(1031年-1095年)反而對發現古老製造工藝與其功能性更有興趣。[367]不像許多跟他同代學者醉心於鑽研哪位先聖先賢製作了這些古物,沈括推論這些東西不過是古匠人的產物,如同他身處的那個時代一樣。[367]沈括亦納入其他學科的知識,諸如音樂、數學、以及光學等等來研究古物。[367]沈括檢視了在朱鮪墓的壁刻並總結該壁刻顯示者為漢朝時代衣冠。[368][367]沈括在海州(今江蘇省海州)出土一測量工具,這工具學者李約瑟斷言其為弧矢儀。[369][370]學者布魯斯·G·崔格(Bruce G. Trigger)寫道,對古老銘文與文物的收集研究的興趣在宋朝之後消退了一陣子,但在清朝(1644年-1912年)又復興起來。當時代表學者有顧炎武(1613年-1682年)與閻若璩(1636年-1704年)。[361]學者克雷格·克魯納斯(Craig Clunas)還指出,金石學一直到研究清朝才恢復,但《重修宣和博古圖》明印本在16世紀的明朝(1368年-1644年)廣為流傳。[371]崔格聲稱考古學在中國從來沒有作為自身獨立成一門學科發展下去,取而代之的是它始終被當作史學的一門分支。[372]
希臘拜占庭的斐洛(Philo Of Byzantium,前3或前2世紀)[381]描述了用於連發弩(polybolos,即連發機弩(ballista),可擲鏢也可擲石)上的鏈條傳動和絞盤,[382][383]不過鏈條傳動對箭杆箭杆間並沒有傳輸連續的動力。[62][384]不間斷動力的鏈條傳動在11世紀的中國首次出現。或許其靈感來自於至少漢朝(前202年-220年)就已為老祖先所知悉、由東漢哲學家王充(27年-97年)所提及的鏈泵,[385]不間斷動力傳遞鏈條傳動首次於1090年由宋朝(960年-1279年)政府官員兼數學家、天文學家蘇頌(1020年-1101年)興建在開封的水運儀象台中傳動裝置里應用;除了早在八世紀早期發明的擒縱機械外,鏈條傳動,也被用於機械地旋轉蓋於台頂的渾儀(它的作用在模擬天球上繁星的運動)並將有著600顆齒的齒輪每2分24秒朝前撥一齒,因此,每一齒代表了一天24小時的,每小時皆由133座人俑報時。這些人俑皆位於幾處開放窗口後由機械輪輪轉,人們可由窗口看到人俑敲鑼打鼓敲鐘,且在日間特殊時段舉牌告知。[386][387][313]
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(英文)Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James B. Palais (2006年),《East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History》(東亞:文化、社會和政治史),波士頓:霍頓·米夫林公司。ISBN 0-618-13384-4。
Elisseeff, Vadime. (2000). The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce. 紐約:Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-222-9.
(英文)Embree, Ainslie Thomas (1997年),《Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching》(西方和世界史中的亞洲:教學參考), Armonk:ME Sharpe, Inc。
Fairbank, John King and Merle Goldman (2006). China: A New History; Second Enlarged Edition. 劍橋:麻州;倫敦: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01828-1.
Falkenhausen, Lothar von (1994). Suspended Music: Chime-Bells in the Culture of Bronze Age China. 柏克萊:加州大學出版社。ISBN 0520073789.
Flad, Rowan et al (2005). "Archaeological and chemical evidence for early salt production in China," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005, Vol. 102, No. 35:12618–12622.
Fletcher, Banister. (1996). Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture. 牛津:Architectural Press. ISBN 0750622679.
Forbes, R.J. (1987). Studies in Ancient Technology: The Fibres and Fabrics of Antiquity. 萊頓:E.J. Brill. ISBN 9004083073.
Fraser, Julius Thomas and Francis C. Haber. (1986). Time, Science, and Society in China and the West. 阿默斯特:麻州大學出版社。ISBN 0-87023-495-1.
Fry, Tony (2001). The Architectural Theory Review: Archineering in Chinatime. 悉尼:悉尼大學出版社。
Fu, Xinian(傅熹年),(2002年),《The Three Kingdoms, Western and Eastern Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, The Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties》(三國兩晉南北朝隋唐五代建築史),《中國古代建築史》61–90,Nancy S. Steinhardt 編輯,紐黑文:耶魯大學出版社。ISBN 0300095597
Gabriel, Richard A. (2002). The Great Armies of Antiquity. Westport: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275978095.
Gascoigne, Bamber and Christina Gascoigne. (2003). The Dynasties of China: A History. 紐約:Carroll and Graf Publishers, an imprint of Avalon Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 0786712198.
Gernet, Jacques (1962). Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276. Translated by H.M. Wright. 史丹佛:史丹佛出版社。ISBN 0-8047-0720-0.
(英文)Gernet, Jacques (1996年),《A History of Chinese Civilization》(中國文明史),由 J.R. Foster 與 Charles Hartman 翻譯。劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521497817。
Giles, Lionel. (2007). "Preface" and "Introduction" in Sun-Tzu on the Art of War, vii–xxx. Toronto: Global Language Press. ISBN 0973892420.
Gottsegen, Mark E. (2006). The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference. 紐約:Watson-Guptill Publications. ISBN 0823034968.
Graff, David A. (2002). Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900. 紐約:Routledge. ISBN 0415239540.
Greenberger, Robert. (2006). The Technology of Ancient China. 紐約:Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 1404205586.
Guo, Qinghua. "Yingzao Fashi: Twelfth-Century Chinese Building Manual," Architectural History, Vol. 41, (1998): 1-13.
Guo, Qinghua. "The Architecture of Joinery: The Form and Construction of Rotating Sutra-Case Cabinets," Architectural History, Vol. 42, (1999): 96-109.
Guo, Zhiyu et al. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Cemetery of Tianma-Qucun Site in Shanxi, China," in Radiocarbon, 2001, Vol. 43, Issue 2:1109–1114. ISSN 0033-8222.
Gupta, R C. "Madhava's and other medieval Indian values of pi," in Math. Education, 1975, Vol. 9 (3):B45–B48.
Handler, Sarah (2001). Austere Luminosity of Chinese Classical Furniture. 柏克萊:加州大學出版社。ISBN 0520214846.
(簡體中文)Hao, Benxing(郝本性),《A Discussion of the Excavated Shang's Skull Drinking Vessels in Zhengzhou》(試論鄭州出土商代人頭骨飲器),《華夏考古》 (1992年),第2期,94–100,ISSN 1001-9928。
Harris, David R (1996). The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia . 倫敦:UCL Press. ISBN 1857285387.
Hartill, David. (2005). Cast Chinese Coins. Victoria: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1412054664.
Hartwell, Robert M. "Demographic, Political, and Social Transformations of China, 750-1550," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Volume 42, Number 2 (1982): 365–442.
Haskell, Neal H. (2006). "The Science of Forensic Entomology," in Forensic Science and Law: Investigative Applications in Criminal, Civil, and Family Justice, 431–440. Edited by Cyril H. Wecht and John T. Rago. Boca Raton: CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor and Francis Group. ISBN 0849319706.
Heiss, Mary Lou (2007) The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide. 加州柏克萊:Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1580087450.
Helmer, Robert. (2006). Treating Pediatric Bed-wetting with Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine. Boulder: Blue Poppy Press. ISBN 1891845330.
(英文)Ho, Peng Yoke(何丙郁),《Chinese Science: The Traditional Chinese View》,《Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies》(亞非洲學院公報),倫敦大學,第54卷,第3期,(1991年),506-519.
(英文)Ho, Peng Yoke(何丙郁),(2000年),《Li, Qi, and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China》(理、氣、數:中國科學和文明概要),米尼奧拉:Dover Publications. ISBN 0486414450.
Hobson, John M. (2004) The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521547245.
Howard, Angela Falco (2003). Chinese Sculpture. 紐黑文:耶魯大學出版社。ISBN 0300100655.
Hsu, Mei-ling. "The Qin Maps: A Clue to Later Chinese Cartographic Development,"《Imago Mundi》(世界形象),第45卷,(1993年): 90-100.
(簡體中文)Hu, Yaowu(胡耀武),《Elemental Analysis of Ancient Human Bones from the Jiahu Site》(賈湖遺址人骨的元素分析),《人類學學報》,(2005年),第24卷,第2期,158–165,ISSN 1000-3193。
(簡體中文)Huang, Houming(黃厚明),《Prehistoric Music Culture of China》(中國史前音樂文化狀況初探),《中原文物》,(2002年),第3期,18–27,ISSN 1003-1731。
Huang, Ray (1997). China: A Macro History. 紐約:An East Gate Book, M. E. SHARPE Inc.
Hucker, Charles O. (1975). China's Imperial Past: An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture. 加州史丹佛:史丹佛大學。ISBN 0801845955.
Hunter, Dard (1978). Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. 米尼奧拉:Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0486236196.
(簡體中文)Jin, Songan(靳松安),《On the Periods and Date of Peiligang Culture》(試論裴李崗文化的分期與年代),《中原文物》,2007年,第6期,28–38,ISSN 1003-1731。
Johnson, Art. (1999). Famous Problems and Their Mathematicians. Greenwood Village: Teacher Ideas Press, a division of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 1563084465.
Johnstone, Paul and Sean McGrail. (1988). The Sea-craft of Prehistory. 紐約:Routledge. ISBN 0415026350.
Kelly, Jack (2004). Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World. 紐約:Basic Books, Perseus Books Group.
Kendall, Bonnie L. (2006). Opportunities in Dental Care Careers. 紐約:McGraw Hill Co. ISBN 0071458697.
Knoblock, John (2001). The Annals of Lu Buwei. 史丹佛:史丹佛出版社。ISBN 0804733546.
Ko, Dorothy (2007). Cinderella's Sisters: A Revisionist History of Footbinding. 柏克萊:加州大學出版社。ISBN 0520253906.
Krebs, Robert E. (2003). The Basics of Earth Science. Westport: Greenwood Press of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 0313319308.
Lacheisserie, Etienne du Trémolet de (2005). Magnetism: Fundamentals. 紐約:Springer. ISBN 0387229671.
Lasater, Brian (2008). The Dream of the West, Pt II. Morrisville: Lulu Enterprises Inc. ISBN 143031382X.
Lasker, Edward. (1960). Go and Go-Maku: The Oriental Board Games. 紐約:Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0486206130.
LeBlanc, Charles (1985). Huai-Nan Tzu: Philosophical Synthesis in Early Han Thought. 香港:香港大學出版社。ISBN 9622091695.
Legge, James (2004). The Li Ki. Whitefish, Mont: Kessinger Pub. ISBN 141916922X.
Leibs, Andrew. (2004). Sports and Games of the Renaissance. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313327726.
Levathes (1994). When China Ruled the Seas. 紐約:Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-70158-4.
Lewis, M.J.T. "The Origins of the Wheelbarrow," Technology and Culture, Vol. 35, No. 3. (Jul., 1994): 453–475.
Lewis, Mark E. (2000). "The Han abolition of universal military service," in Warfare in Chinese History, 33–76, edited by Hans J. Van de Ven. 萊頓:Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 9004117741.
Lewis, Mark Edward (2006). The Construction of Space in Early China. 紐約:紐約州立大學出版社。ISBN 0791466086.
Li, David H. (1998). The Genealogy of Chess. Bethesda: Premier Publishing Company. ISBN 0963785222.
Li, Feng (2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou 1045-771 BC. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521852722.
(簡體中文)Li, Jinmei and Lu, Zhijun(李金梅和路志峻),《On Ancient Cinese Bo Xi》(中國古代博戲考),《體育文化導刊》,2005年,第12期,66–68,ISSN 1671-1572。
(簡體中文)Li, Ling(李零),《A Comparison on the Design of Unearthed Liubo Game Boards from the Tomb of Zhongshan King and the Liubo Diagram Found at Yinwan", in Journal of The National Museum of Chinese History》(跋中山王墓出土的六博棋局——與尹灣《博局占》的設計比較),《中國歷史文物》,(2002年),第1期,8–16,ISSN 1671-5357。
(法文)Li Shu-hua(李書華): 「Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole,」 Isis, Vol. 45, No. 2 (1954): 175-196.
(簡體中文)Li, Zhuren (樓慶西),(2002年),《The Architectural Art of Ancient China》(中國傳統建築)。北京:五洲傳播出版社。ISBN 7801138228。
Lian, Xianda. "The Old Drunkard Who Finds Joy in His Own Joy -Elitist Ideas in Ouyang Xiu's Informal Writings," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) Volume 23 (2001): 1–29.
(簡體中文)Liang, Honggang(梁宏剛),《A Review of Research on the Bronze Unearthed in the Erlitou Site》(二里頭遺址出土銅器研究綜述),《中原文物》,2004年,第1期,29–56,ISSN 1003-1731。
(簡體中文)Lin, Yun(林沄),《History of Crossbow》(弩的歷史),《中國典籍與文化》,(1993年),第4期,33–37。
(英文)Ling, Hongling(凌洪齡)《Verification of the Fact that Golf Originated from Chuiwan》,《ASSH Bulletin》,(1991年),第14卷,12–23。
(英文)Liu, Keshun(劉克順),(1999年),《Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization》(大豆化學,加工工藝和應用),蓋瑟斯堡:Aspen Publishers, Inc。ISBN 0834212994。
(英文)Liu, Li(劉莉),(2007年),《The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States》(中國新石器時代-邁向早期國家之路),劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521010640.
(英文)Liu, Li(劉莉),《The Products of Minds as Well as of Hands: Production of Prestige Goods in the Neolithic and Early State Periods of China》(中國新石器和銅器時代早期禮器的生產),《Asian Perspectives》,(2003年),第42卷,第1期,1–40,ISSN 0066-8435。
Lo, Andrew. "The Game of Leaves: An Inquiry into the Origin of Chinese Playing Cards," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 倫敦大學,第63卷,第3期,(2000年),389-406。
Loewe, Michael. (1968). Everyday Life in Early Imperial China during the Han Period 202 BC–AD 220. 倫敦:B.T. Batsford Ltd.; 紐約:G.P. Putnam's Sons.
Loewe, Michael. (1986). "The Former Han Dynasty," in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.–A.D. 220, 103–222. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521243270.
Loewe, Michael. (1999). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. 倫敦:劍橋大學出版社。 ISBN 0521470307.
(簡體中文)Lu, Jianchang(呂建昌),《An Archeological Survey of the Jade Weapons in Pre-Qin Period》(先秦玉兵器的考古學觀察),《軍事歷史研究》,(2006年),第3期,120–128。ISSN 1009-3451。
(簡體中文)Lu, Maocun(盧茂村),《An Introduction to Chopsticks》(筷子古今談),《農業考古》(2004年),第1期,209-216。ISSN 1006-2335。
(簡體中文)Luan, Fengshi(欒豐實),《On the Origin and Development of Prehistoric Coffin and Funeral Custom》(史前棺槨的產生、發展和棺槨制度的形成),《文物》,(2006年),第6期,49–55. ISSN 0511-4772.
Lui, Adam Yeun-Chung. "Syllabus of the Provincial Examination (hsiang-shih) under the Early Ch'ing (1644-1795)," Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3 (1974): 391-396.
Luo, Jing (2004). Over a Cup of Tea: An Introduction to Chinese Life and Culture. 達拉斯:美國大學出版社。ISBN 0761829377.
Ma, Shizhi. "On the Shang Civilization, " in Cultural Relics of Central China, 1987, No. 2:119–169. ISSN 1003-1731.
Mair, Victor H. (1997). Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu. 檀香山:夏威夷大學出版社。ISBN 082482038X.
Mao, Ying. "Introduction of Crossbow Mechanism," in Southeast Culture, 1998, No. 3:109–117. ISSN 1001-179X.
Martin, Laura C. (2007) Tea: The Drink That Changed the World. Rutland, VT: Tuttle Pub. ISBN 0804837244.
McClain, Ernest G. and Ming Shui Hung. "Chinese Cyclic Tunings in Late Antiquity," Ethnomusicology, Vol. 23, No. 2 (May, 1979): 205-224.
McGovern, Patrick E. (2007). Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture. 牛津:普林斯頓大學出版社。ISBN 0691127840.
McGovern, Patrick E. et al. 「Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China」, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004, Vol. 101, No. 51:17593–17598.
McNamee, Gregory (2008). Moveable Feasts: The History, Science, And Lore of Food. 林肯:內布拉斯加大學。ISBN 0803216327.
Medvei, Victor Cornelius. (1993). The History of Clinical Endocrinology: A Comprehensive Account of Endocrinology from Earliest Times to the Present Day. 紐約:Pantheon Publishing Group Inc. ISBN 1850704279.
Menzies, Nicholas K. (1994). Forest and Land Management in Imperial China. 紐約:St. Martin's Press, Inc. ISBN 0312102542.
Miksic, John N. et al. (2003). Earthenware in Southeast Asia. Singapore University Press. ISBN 9971692716.
Minford, John and Joseph S.M. Lau. (2002). Classical Chinese literature: an anthology of translations. 紐約:哥倫比亞大學出版社,ISBN 0231096763.
(英文)Morton, Scott 和 Charlton Lewis (2005年),《China: Its History and Culture: Fourth Edition》(中國:歷史和文化:第四版),紐約:McGraw-Hill, Inc。
Mott, Lawrence V. (1991). The Development of the Rudder: A Technological Tale. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. ISBN 0890967237.
Murphy, Denis J. (2007). People, Plants and Genes: The Story of Crops and Humanity. 紐約:牛津大學出版社。ISBN 0199207143.
(英文)Needham, Joseph and Wang Ling(李約瑟和王玲),《Horner's Method in Chinese Mathematics: Its Origins in the Root-Extraction Procedures of the Han Dynasty》(中國數學中的霍納法:其源流於漢朝的求根過程)《通報》,第二系列,第43卷,第5號(1955年):45-401。
(英文)Needham, Joseph(李約瑟),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth》(中國科學技術史-第三卷-數學、天學和地學),台北:敦煌書局。
(英文)Needham, Joseph(李約瑟),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics》(中國科學技術史-第四卷-物理學及相關技術-第一分冊-物理學),台北:敦煌書局。中國大陸版,科學出版社,2003年出版,ISBN: 9787030112323。
(英文)Needham, Joseph(李約瑟),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering》(中國科學技術史-第四卷-物理學及相關技術--第二分冊-機械工程),台北:敦煌書局。中國大陸版,科學出版社,2003年出版,ISBN: 97030075269。
(英文)Needham, Joseph(李約瑟),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics》(中國科學技術史-第四卷-物理學及相關技術--第三分冊-土木工程和航海術),台北:敦煌書局。
(英文)Needham, Joseph and Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin.(李約瑟和錢存訓),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing》(中國科學技術史-第五卷-化學及相關技術-第一分冊-造紙和印刷術),台北:敦煌書局。
(英文)Needham, Joseph(李約瑟),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 6, Missiles and Sieges》(中國科學技術史-第五卷-化學及相關技術-火箭與攻城術),台北:敦煌書局。
(英文)Needham, Joseph(李約瑟),(1986年),《Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology, the Gunpowder Epic》(中國科學技術史-第五卷-化學及相關技術-第七分冊-軍事科技),台北:敦煌書局。
Needham, Joseph. (1996). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 3, Agro-Industries and Forestry. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521419999.
Needham, Joseph. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 5, Fermentations and Food Science. 台北:敦煌書局。
Needham, Joseph. (1999). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 6, Medicine. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。
Needham, Joseph. (2004). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 7, The Social Background, Part 2, General Conclusions and Reflections. Edited by Kenneth Girdwood Robinson. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521087325.
Nelson, Sarah M. (1995). The Archaeology of Northeast China: Beyond the Great Wall. 紐約:Routledge. ISBN 0415117550.
(英文)Omura, Yoshiaki(大村恵昭),(2003年),《Acupuncture Medicine: It's Historical and Clinical Background》,米尼奧拉:Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0486428508.
Pan, Jixing. "On the Origin of Printing in the Light of New Archaeological Discoveries," in Chinese Science Bulletin', 1997, Vol. 42, No. 12:976–981. ISSN 1001-6538.
Pickover, Clifford A. (2002). The Zen of Magic Squares, Circles, and Stars. 普林斯頓:普林斯頓大學出版社。ISBN 0691115974.
Pigott, Vincent C. (1999). The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. 費城:賓州大學考古暨人類學博物館。ISBN 0924171340.
Porter, Deborah Lynn (1996). From Deluge to Discourse: Myth, History, and the Generation of Chinese Fiction. 紐約:紐約州立大學出版社。ISBN 0791430340.
Rep, Jelte. (2007). The Great Mahjong Book: History, Lore and Play. North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0804837198.
Restivo, Sal. (1992). Mathematics in Society and History: Sociological Inquiries. 多德勒克:Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1402000391.
Rickett, W. Allyn (1998). Guanzi. 普林斯頓:普林斯頓大學出版社。ISBN 0691048169.
Ronan, Colin A. (1994). The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4. 劍橋:劍橋大學出版社。ISBN 0521329957.
Rudolph, R.C. "Preliminary Notes on Sung Archaeology," The Journal of Asian Studies (Volume 22, Number 2, 1963): 169–177.
Sagart, Laurent (2005). The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics. 紐約:RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0415322421.=
Sarton, George. (1959). A History of Science: Hellenistic Science and Culture in the Last Three Centuries B.C. 紐約:The Norton Library, Norton & Company Inc. SBN 393005267.
Schur, Nathan. (1998). The Relevant History of Mankind. 布賴頓:The Alpha Press. ISBN 1898595216.
(簡體中文)Shao, Xiaofeng(邵曉峰),《On the Theory of "Five Colors》(五色理論探微),《南京林業大學學報(人文社會科學版)》,(2002年),第2卷,第1期52–55,ISSN 1000-2006。
Shen, Kangshen, John N. Crossley and Anthony W.C. Lun. (1999). The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art: Companion and Commentary. 牛津:牛津大學出版社。ISBN 0198539363.
(簡體中文)Shi, Rongzhuan(石榮傳),《The Unearthed Burial Jade in the Tombs of Han Dynasty's King and Marquis and the Study of Jade Burial System》(兩漢諸侯王墓出土葬玉及葬玉制度初探),《中原文物》,(2003年),第5期62–72,ISSN 1003-1731。
(日語)Shinoda, Osamu(篠田統),《O-tōfu no hanashi》(お豆腐の話し),《樂味》,(1963年6月),4-8。
Shotwell, Peter, Huiren Yang, and Sangit Chatterjee. (2003). Go! More Than a Game. 北克拉倫登:Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 080483475X.
Shurtleff, William and Akiko Aoyagi. (2001). The Book of Tofu: Protein Source of the Future...Now! 柏克萊:Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1580080138.
Siddiqi, Mohammad Rafiq (2001). Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects. 紐約:CABI Pub. ISBN 0851992021.
Simmons, Pauline. "Crosscurrents in Chinese Silk History," in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Nov., 1950): 87–96.
(英文)Sivin, Nathan (1995年),《Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections》(古中國科技),佛蒙特州布魯克菲爾 VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing。
Smith, Joseph A. (1992). The Pen and Ink Book: Materials and Techniques for Today's Artist. 紐約:Watson-Guptill Publications. ISBN 0823039862.
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