Thomas Perls和David J. Handelsman在2015年《美国老年病学会期刊(英语:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)》的社论中认为,因为诊断本身不容易定义、药厂推广睾固酮和人类生长激素的宣传及广告,再加上营养补充品公司贩售针对各种年长者的营养补充品,相关的症状其实是过度诊断(英语:overdiagnosed)及过度医疗[99]。Perls和Handelsman指出,“美国睾固酮的销量由2002年的3.24亿美元到2012年的20亿美元,睾固酮处方的数量由2007年的一亿美元到2012年的五亿美元,这些还不包括复合药店、互联网和直接销售给病患的金额。”[99]
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