Uranyo

Ang uranyo o uranyum (Kastila: uranio, Ingles: uranium, may sagisag na U, atomikong bilang na 92, atomikong timbang na 238.03, punto ng pagkatunaw na 1,132 °C, punto ng pagkulong 3,818 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 18.95, mga balensiyang 3, 4, 5, at 6). Isa itong elementong mabigat, parang pilak ang kaputian, likas na radyoaktibo at parang metal, na madaling sumailalim sa oksidasyon, at nakakalason. Mayroon itong 14 na kilalang mga isotopo, kung saan ang U 238 ang siyang likas na pinakamalaganap. Kabilang ang uranyo sa mga serye ng aktinido at ginagamit ang kanyang isotopong ²³⁵U bilang panggatong na nukleyar, mga panggatong sa mga nukleyar reaktor, at bilang mahalagang sangkap ng mga sandatang nukleyar. Karaniwang matatagpuan ang uranyo sa maliit na bahagi sa mga bato, tubig, lupa, mga halaman, at mga hayop (kabilang ang mga tao). Natuklasan ito ni Martin Heinrich Klaproth noong 1789.^[8]

Uranium, ₉₂U

Uranium
Bigkas	/jʊˈreɪniəm/ ​(yuu-RAY-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air
Standard atomic weight Ar°(U)
	238.02891±0.00003 238.03±0.01 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Uranium sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Nd ↑ U ↓ — protactinium ← uranium → neptunium
Atomikong bilang (Z)	92
Group	n/a
Period	7
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solido
Melting point	1405.3 K ​(1132.2 °C, ​2070 °F)
Boiling point	4404 K ​(4131 °C, ​7468 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	19.050 g/cm3 [3]
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	9.14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	417.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.665 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2325 2564 2859 3234 3727 4402
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1,[4] +1, +2, +3,[5] +4, +5, +6 (isang anpoterong oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.38
Ionization energies	1st: 597.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 1420 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	196±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	186 pm
Mga linyang espektral ng uranium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	​orthorhombic (oS4)
Lattice constants	a = 285.35 pm b = 586.97 pm c = 495.52 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion	15.46×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[lower-alpha 1]
Thermal conductivity	27.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	0.280 µΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	208 GPa
Shear modulus	111 GPa
Bulk modulus	100 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	3155 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.23
Vickers hardness	1960–2500 MPa
Brinell hardness	2350–3850 MPa
CAS Number	7440-61-1
History
Naming	after planet Uranus, itself named after Greek god of the sky Uranus
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation	Eugène-Melchior Péligot (1841)
Isotopes of uranium t b
Main isotopes[6] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 232U synth 68.9 y α 228Th SF – 233U trace 1.592×105 y[7] α 229Th SF – 234U 0.005% 2.455×105 y α 230Th SF – 235U 0.720% 7.04×108 y α 231Th SF – 236U trace 2.342×107 y α 232Th SF – 238U 99.3% 4.468×109 y α 234Th SF – β−β− 238Pu
Kategorya: Uranium tingnan usapan baguhin | references

Mga sanggunian

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Uranium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 1999.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
3. Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
4. Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking (2019). "Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)₈]^+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding". Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784 (sa wikang Ingles). 25 (50): 11772–11784. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027. PMID 31276242.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
5. Morss, L.R.; Edelstein, N.M.; Fuger, J., mga pat. (2006). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (sa wikang Ingles) (ika-3rd (na) edisyon). Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-9048131464.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
6. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
7. Magurno, B.A.; Pearlstein, S, mga pat. (1981). Proceedings of the conference on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures. BNL-NCS 51363, vol. II (PDF). Upton, NY (USA): Brookhaven National Lab. pp. 835 ff. Nakuha noong 2014-08-06.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
8. Gaboy, Luciano L. Uranium, uranyo, uranyum, simbolong U - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

1. The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the coefficients for each crystal axis (at 20 °C) are α_a = 25.27×10⁻⁶/K, α_b = 0.76×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 20.35×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_volume/3 = 15.46×10⁻⁶/K.