Kristolojia

Kristolojia (kutoka maneno ya Kigiriki Χριστός, Khristós, Kristo na λογία, logia, elimu) ni tawi la fani ya teolojia linalochunguza hasa imani ya Kanisa kuhusu nafsi na hali za Yesu Kristo kwa kutegemea kwanza Injili na vitabu vingine vya Agano Jipya, lakini pia mapokeo ya Mitume yanavyojitokeza katika mitaguso ya kiekumeni na maandishi ya mababu wa Kanisa.^[2]

Kioo cha rangi kinachoonyesha Ungamo la Petro: "Wewe ndiwe Kristo, Mwana wa Mungu aliye hai".^[1]

Mfululizo wa kurasa juu ya Yesu
Yesu Kristo na Ukristo Umwilisho  • Utoto wa Yesu  • Ubatizo Arusi ya Kana • Utume wa Yesu • Mifano ya Yesu  • Miujiza ya Yesu Kugeuka sura • Karamu ya mwisho • Msalaba wa Yesu  • Maneno saba Kifo cha Yesu  • Ufufuko wa Yesu Kupaa mbinguni  • Ujio wa pili Injili  • Majina ya Yesu katika Agano Jipya  • Yesu kadiri ya historia  • Tarehe za maisha ya Yesu • Kristolojia
Mazingira ya Yesu Wayahudi • Kiaramu • Bikira Maria • Yosefu (mume wa Maria) • Familia takatifu • Ukoo wa Yesu • Ndugu wa Yesu • Yohane Mbatizaji
Mitazamo juu ya Yesu Mitazamo katika Agano Jipya · Mitazamo ya Kikristo • Mitazamo ya Kiyahudi • Mitazamo ya Kiislamu • Yesu katika sanaa This box: onyesha majadiliano hariri

Wakatoliki wanatia maanani pia mafundisho mengine ya ualimu wa Kanisa, hasa mitaguso mikuu na matamko ya Mapapa.^[3]

Jambo la msingi katika utafiti huo ni uhusiano wa Kristo kama Mwana wa Mungu na Mungu Baba katika umoja wa Roho Mtakatifu. Halafu Kristolojia inachunguza maisha na utume wa Yesu, ili kuelewa zaidi ubinadamu wake na nafasi yake kama Mwokozi wa watu wote.^[4]

Wataalamu wa Kanisa Katoliki, lakini pia Waorthodoksi na wengineo, wanaona Mariolojia ni sehemu muhimu ya Kristolojia,^[5] kwa kuwa Maria anachangia kufanya Yesu aeleweke kikamilifu zaidi.^[6][7] na "Ni lazima kurudi kwa Maria, tukitaka kurudia ukweli wa Yesu Kristo"^[8].

Historia ya Kristolojia

Mtume Paulo alisisitiza uwepo wa Kristo kabla hajazaliwa na mwanamke (Bikira Maria) na heshima anayostahili kama Bwana (kwa Kigiriki Kyrios, jina lililotumika kutafsiria lile la YHWH, maalumu kwa Mungu wa Israeli).^[9]

Baada ya wakati wa Mitume wa Yesu kupita, teolojia ilistawi katika shule mbalimbali, hasa za Aleksandria na Antiokia. Kristolojia ilikuwa sehemu muhimu ya ustawi huo lakini pia ya mabishano yaliyochanganyikana na masuala ya kisiasa zaidi.

Mitaguso ya kiekumeni ilipaswa yote kujadili suala hilo ili kurudisha amani katika Kanisa na katika dola la Roma.^[10][10] Maamuzi yake yanashikiliwa hadi leo kwa imani na madhehebu karibu yote ya Ukristo^[10]ingawa mengi yalijitenga, hasa Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi ya Mashariki.^[10]

Katika karne ya 13, Thomas Aquinas alikuwa wa kwanza kujaribu kukabili masuala yote ya Kristolojia ili kuifundisha kikamilifu.^{[11][12][13][14]}

Karne za Kati huko Ulaya magharibi zilitokeza sura tamu ya Yesu kama rafiki anayeleta faraja moyoni.^[15]

Tanbihi

1. Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology by Jack Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 ISBN 0-664-25752-6-page xvi
2. Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus by Gerald O'Collins 2009 ISBN 0-19-955787-X pages 1-3
3. Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi by Karl Rahner 2004 ISBN 0-86012-006-6 pages 755-767
4. Catholic encyclopedia: Christology
5. "Mariology Is Christology", in Vittorio Messori, The Mary Hypothesis, Rome: 2005. Archived 5 Agosti 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
6. Paul Haffner, 2004 The mystery of Mary Gracewing Press ISBN 0-85244-650-0 page 17
7. Communio, 1996, Volume 23, page 175
8. Raymond Burke, 2008 Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, seminarians, and Consecrated Persons ISBN 1-57918-355-7 page xxi
9. Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon' by Aloys Grillmeier, John Bowden 1975 ISBN 0-664-22301-X pages 15-19
10. Davis, SJ, Leo Donald (1990), The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21), Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press, uk. 342, ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7
11. Gilson, Etienne (1994), The Christian Philosophy of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, uk. 502, ISBN 978-0-268-00801-7
12. Christology: Biblical And Historical by Mini S. Johnson, 2005 ISBN 81-8324-007-0 page 76-79
13. Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus by Gerald O'Collins 2009 ISBN 0-19-955787-X pages 208-212
14. Aquinas as authority by Paul van Geest, Harm J. M. J. Goris pages 25-35
15. Christology: Key Readings in Christian Thought by Jeff Astley, David Brown, Ann Loades 2009 ISBN 0-664-23269-8 page 106

Marejeo

• Chilton, Bruce. “The Son of Man: Who Was He?” Bible Review. August 1996, 35+.
• Cullmann, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament. trans. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1980. ISBN 0-664-24351-7
• Fuller, Reginald H. The Foundations of New Testament Christology. New York: Scribners, 1965. ISBN 0-684-15532-X
• Greene, Colin J.D. Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2004. ISBN 0-8028-2792-6
• Kingsbury, Jack Dean. The Christology of Mark's Gospel. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1989.
• Letham, Robert. The Work of Christ. Contours of Christian Theology. Downer Grove: IVP, 1993, ISBN 0-8308-1532-5
• Hodgson, Peter C. Winds of the Spirit: A Constructive Christian Theology. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.
• MacLeod, Donald. The Person Of Christ: Contours of Christian Theology. Downer Grove: IVP. 1998, ISBN 0-8308-1537-6
• Wolfhart Pannenberg, Systematic Theology, Vol.2.
• Rausch, Thomas P. Who is Jesus?: An Introduction to Christology (Michael Glazier Books)]. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2003 ISBN 0-8146-5078-3
• Schwarz, Hans. Christology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0-8028-4463-4

Marejeo mengine

• Berkhof, Louis. The History of Christian Doctrine. Carlisle: Banner of Truth, 1996. ISBN 0-85151-005-1
• Bonino, Jose Miquez. Faces of Jesus: Latin American Christologies. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1-59244-097-5
• Brana, Fernando Ocariz. The Mystery of Jesus Christ: A Christology and SoteriologyTextbook. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1994. ISBN 1-85182-127-9
• Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to New Testament Christology. Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8091-3516-7
• Brummer, Vincent. Atonement, Christology and the Trinity: Making Sense of Christian Doctrine. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2005. ISBN 0-7546-5230-0
• Casey, Michael. Fully Human, Fully Divine: And Interactive Christology. Liquori: Liguori Publications, 2004. ISBN 0-7648-1149-5
• Chemnitz, Martin. The Two Natures in Christ. trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1970. ISBN 0-570-03210-5
• Dunn, James D.G. Christology in the Making: A New Testament Inquiry into the Origins of the Doctrine of the Incarnation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0-8028-4257-7
• Dupuis, Jacques. Who Do You Say I Am?: Introduction to Christology. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994. ISBN 0-88344-940-4
• Dyson, A. O. Who Is Jesus? in series, S.C.M. Centrebooks [sic]. London: S.C.M. Press, 1969. SBN 334-01786-8-6
• Fruchtenbaum, Arnold. Messianic Christology. San Antonio: Ariel Ministries, 1998. ISBN 0-914863-07-X
• Fuller, Reginald Horace. The Foundations of New Testament Christology. Cambridge: James Clarke, 2003. ISBN 978-0-227-17075-5
• Gathercole, Simon J. The Pre-existent Son: Recovering the Christologies of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2006. ISBN 0-8028-2901-5
• Grillmeier, Aloys. Christ in Christian Tradition: from the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451). Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994. ISBN 0-664-22301-X
• Guardini, R., The Lord, Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 1954, 1996. ISBN 978-0-89526-714-6
• Haight, Roger. The Future of Christology. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 0-8264-1764-7
• Hatzidakis, Emmanuel. Jesus: Fallen? The Human Nature of Christ Examined from an Eastern Orthodox Perspective. Clearwater: Orthodox Witness, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9778970-5-6
• Hengstenberg, E. W. Christology of the Old Testament. Reprint ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Publications, 1970. 715 p. N.B.: On verso of t.p.: "[A]n abridgement by Thomas Kerchever Arnold of the translation [of the author's work] from the German of Dr. Reuel Keith. Reproduced from the ... Rivington edition, London, 1847."
• Hick, John. The Metaphor of God Incarnate: Christology in a Pluralistic Age. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006. ISBN 0-664-23037-7
• Johnson, Elizabeth. Consider Jesus: Waves of Renewal in Christology. New York: Herder & Herder, 1992. ISBN 0-8245-1161-1
• Karkkainen, Veli-Matti. Christology: A Global Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2003. ISBN 0-8010-2621-0
• Kraus, C. Norman. Jesus Christ Our Lord: Christology from a Disciple’s Perspective. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2004. ISBN 1-59244-789-9
• Marchesi S.J., Giovanni. Gesu di Nazaret:Chi Sei? Lineamenti di cristologia. San Paolo Edizioni. 2004. ISBN 88-215-5218-7
• Matera, Frank J. New Testament Christology. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1999. ISBN 0-664-25694-5
• Meier, John P. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, New York: Anchor Doubleday,

v. 1, The Roots of the Problem and the Person, 1991. ISBN 0-385-26425-9

v. 2, Mentor, Message, and Miracles, 1994. ISBN 0-385-46992-6

• Moule, C.F.D. The Origin of Christology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-521-29363-4
• McIntyre, John. The shape of christology: studies in the doctrine of the person of Christ 2nd edn, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1998; 1st edn, London: SCM, 1966.
• Neuman, Matthias and Thomas P. Walters. Christology: True God, True Man (Catholic Basics). Chicago: Loyola Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8294-1719-2
• Neville, Robert Cummings. Symbols of Jesus: A Christology of Symbolic Engagement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-521-00353-9
• Newlands, George M. God in Christian Perspective. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1994. ISBN 0-567-29259-2
• Norris, Richard A. and William G. Rusch. The Christological Controversy. Sources of Early Christian Thought Series. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1980. ISBN 0-8006-1411-9
• O'Collins, Gerald. Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus Christ. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-19-875502-3
• Outler, Albert C. Christology. Bristol House, 1996. ISBN 1-885224-08-7
• Ratzinger, Cardinal Joseph. Introduction to Christianity. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1969. ISBN I586170295
• Scaer, David P. Christology Confessional Lutheran Dogmatics Vol. VI. Northville: The Luther Academy, 1989. ISBN 0-9622791-6-1
• Skurja, Katie. Living in the Intersection. Imago Dei Ministries, Portland, OR. (1/06), pp. 82.
• Sobrino, Jon. Christology at the Crossroads. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1-59244-095-9
• Torrance, Iain R. Christology After Chalcedon. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 1998. ISBN 1-57910-110-0
• Witherington, Ben. The Christology of Jesus. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-8006-3108-0
• Battle, Donald E. "Jesus Christ Study Bible" JCSB Bible: Pleasant Word Publishers, 2009. ISBN 1-4141-1372-2

Viungo vya nje

• Encyclopaedia Britannica, Christology - full access article