September 9

September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 113 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

• 9 – Arminius' alliance of six Germanic tribes ambushes and heavily defeats Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest.
• 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans I succeed their father Constantine I as Roman Emperor.
• 533 – A Byzantine army of 15,000 under Belisarius lands at Caput Vada in modern Tunisia and marches onto Carthage.
• 1000 – Battle of Svolder – After it, King Olaf I of Norway commits suicide.
• 1087 – William the Conqueror dies. His son succeeds him as King William II of England.
• 1379 – Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III.
• 1488 – Anne of Brittany becomes Duchess of Brittany.
• 1493 – Battle of Krbava Field – A decisive defeat of Croats in the Croatian struggle against the invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
• 1499 – Vasco da Gama returns to Lisbon from his voyage to India.
• 1513 – In the Battle of Flodden Field James IV of Scotland is defeated.
• 1543 – Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned "Queen of Scots" in the central Scottish town of Stirling.
• 1739 – Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1775 – A hurricane strikes Newfoundland, killing 4,000 people.
• 1776 – The Continental Congress officially names their new country the United States.
• 1791 – Washington, DC is named after 1st President of the United States George Washington.
• 1806 – A hurricane kills 457 people in Dominica.
• 1839 – John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph.
• 1850 – California is admitted as the thirty–first U.S. state.
• 1850 – The Compromise of 1850 strips Texas of a third of its claimed territory (now parts of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming) in return for the federal government assuming $10 million of Texas's pre–annexation debt.
• 1855 – Crimean War: The Siege of Sevastopol ends with the withdrawal of Russian troops.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
• 1870 – Redmond, Washington is founded.
• 1886 – The Berne Convention is finalized.
• 1892 – Edward Barnard discovers Jupiter's moon Amalthea.
• 1893 – A birth occurs in the White House for the only time in its history to date. First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland gives birth to a girl, Esther.

1901 – 2000

• 1913 – Russian military pilot Pyotr Nesterov performs the first 'Looping' maneuver with his aircraft over Kiev.
• 1914 – World War I: The Battle of the Marne ends in a French victory.
• 1914 – World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.
• 1919 – Spanish passenger ferry Valbanera disappears in a hurricane between Cuba and the Florida Keys.
• 1922 – The Greco-Turkish War ends with Turkish victory over the Greeks. The largest part of the city of Smyrna (on the Minor Asia coast, now Izmir) is burned. The Non–Turkic population flees.
• 1923 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, founds the CHP.
• 1924 – The Hanapepe massacre takes place in Kauai, Hawaii.
• 1926 – The National Broadcasting Company formed.
• 1939 – World War II: The Battle of Hel begins, the longest defended pocket of Polish Army Resistance during the German invasion of Poland.
• 1940 – George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1940 – World War II: Treznea massacre – The Hungarian army, supported by local Hungarians, kills 93 Romanian civilians in Treznea, a village in Northern Transylvania.
• 1942 – World War II: A Japanese floatplane drops an incendiary bomb on Oregon.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: Bulgaria is liberated by Russia.
• 1945 – Japan formally surrenders to China.
• 1947 – "First actual case of (a computer) bug being found" – a moth is lodged in a relay of a Mark II computer at Harvard.
• 1948 – The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is created, declared by Kim Il-Sung.
• 1954 – Marilyn Bell swam for 20 hours and 57 minutes under grueling conditions to become the first person to swim across Lake Ontario.
• 1954 – An earthquake in Algeria kills 1,250 people.
• 1956 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the first time.
• 1965 – The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is established.
• 1965 – Sandy Koufax throws a perfect game against the Chicago Cubs.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy hits New Orleans.
• 1966 – The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon Johnson.
• 1969 – Canada's Official Languages Act comes into force, making French equal to English throughout the Federal Government.
• 1970 – A British airliner is hijacked by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and flown into Dawson's Field, Jordan.
• 1976 – Chinese Communist Leader Mao Zedong dies aged 82.
• 1983 – Aaron Pryor beats Alexis Arguello by knockout in round ten of a rematch of their 1982 controversial fight, dubbed The Battle of The Champions.
• 1990 – The Sri Lankan Army kills 184 Tamil civilians in the Batticaloa massacre.
• 1990 – Liberian leader Samuel K. Doe is overthrown and killed in a coup.
• 1991 – Tajikistan becomes independent from the Soviet Union.
• 1991 – Nirvana release their hit single "Smells Like Teen Spirit", which becomes an iconic tune for a whole generation.
• 1993 – The Palestinian Liberation Organization officially recognizes Israel as a legal state in its own right.
• 1996 – Croatia and Yugoslavia take up diplomatic relations after war in the region.
• 1999 – The Sega Dreamcast is released in the United States
• 2000 – In the wake of inflation, Ecuador replaces its currency, the Sucre with the US dollar.

From 2001

• 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan.
• 2004 – A bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, killing several people.
• 2004 – Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica reverses a decision by Minister of Education and Sport Ljiljana Colic to require the teaching of both creationism and evolution in schools, and announces that Colic will be replaced.
• 2009 – 09/09/09: The date, when written, has 3 nines in it. As well as that, September has nine letters, and so does Wednesday, the day of the week it falls on. It also fell on the 252nd day of the year, and the digits of 252 add up to nine.
• 2011 – The 2011 Rugby World Cup begins in New Zealand.
• 2012 – The 2012 Summer Paralympics in London end.
• 2013 – Norwegian Parliamentary Election: The Labour Party–led coalition under Jens Stoltenberg loses the election after eight years in government. Erna Solberg of the Centre–Right Venstre Party becomes the next Prime Minister on October 16.
• 2014 – Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper announces that a ship from John Franklin's ill-fated expedition to the Canadian Arctic has been found.
• 2015 – Elizabeth II overtakes Queen Victoria to becomes the longest–reigning British monarch.

Births

Up to 1900

• 214 – Aurelian, Roman Emperor (d. 275)
• 384 – Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (d. 423)
• 1349 – Duke Albert III of Austria (d. 1395)
• 1466 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shogun (d. 1523)
• 1585 – Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1642)
• 1656 – Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer, German composer (d. 1746)
• 1708 – Paul Egede, Danish missionary (d. 1789)
• 1711 – Thomas Hutchinson, American historian and politician (d. 1780)
• 1737 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
• 1754 – William Bligh, British naval officer and Governor of New South Wales (d. 1817)
• 1769 – Ivan Kotlyarevsky, Ukrainian poet (d. 1838)
• 1774 – Salomon Mayer Rothschild, patriarch of the Rothschild banking family (d. 1855)
• 1778 – Clemens Brentano, German writer (d. 1842)
• 1815 – Johann Gottfried Piefke, Prussian military musician and composer (d. 1884)
• 1822 – Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte, French general and politician (d. 1891)
• 1826 – Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1907)
• 1828 – Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1910)
• 1834 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English writer (d. 1903)
• 1834 – James E. Bond, Governor of Nebraska (d. 1906)
• 1841 – Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1915)
• 1842 – Elliott Coues, American army surgeon, historian and writer (d. 1899)
• 1848 – Elia Millosevich, Italian astronomer (d. 1919)
• 1852 – John Henry Poynting, British physicist (d. 1914)
• 1855 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, British–German writer (d. 1927)
• 1855 – Anthony Francis Lucas, Croatian–American engineer and explorer (d. 1921)
• 1868 – Mary Hunter Austin, American writer (d. 1934)
• 1872 – Phan Chu Trinh, Vietnamese activist (d. 1926)
• 1873 – Max Reinhardt, movie and theatre director and actor (d. 1943)
• 1873 – Marcel Jacques Boulenger, French writer and fencer (d. 1932)
• 1878 – Sergio Osmena, President of the Philippines (d. 1961)
• 1887 – Alf Landon, American politician (d. 1987)
• 1890 – Harland D. Sanders, American inventor of KFC (d. 1980)
• 1890 – Kurt Lewin, German psychologist (d. 1947)
• 1892 – Tsuru Aoki, Japanese–American actress (d. 1961)
• 1893 – Esther Cleveland, only person to be born in the White House (d. 1980)
• 1894 – Arthur Freed, American songwriter and movie producer (d. 1973)
• 1894 – Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer (d. 1976)
• 1898 – Styles Bridges, 63rd Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1961)
• 1899 – C. R. Smith, American politician (d. 1990)

1901 – 1950

• 1901 – Lev Shubnikov, Russian physicist (d. 1937)
• 1902 – Fred Tootell, American athlete (d. 1964)
• 1903 – Phyllis Whitney, American writer (d. 2008)
• 1904 – Feroze Khan, Pakistani field hockey player (d. 2005)
• 1905 – Joseph E. Levine, American movie producer (d. 1987)
• 1906 – Harri Larva, Finnish runner (d. 1980)
• 1906 – James Quinn, American athlete (d. 2004)
• 1908 – Cesare Pavese, Italian poet and novelist (d. 1950)
• 1908 – Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral (d. 1945)
• 1911 – John Gorton, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)
• 1918 – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, former President of Italy (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Gottfried Dienst, Swiss football referee (d. 1998)
• 1920 – Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and physicist (d. 1993)
• 1922 – Hans Georg Dehmelt, German physicist (d. 2017)
• 1922 – Warwick Estevam Kerr, Brazilian geneticist
• 1923 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Cliff Robertson, American actor (d. 2011)
• 1924 – Rik van Steenbergen, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Jane Greer, American actress (d. 2001)
• 1926 – Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Egyptian theologian and writer
• 1930 – Francis Carroll, Australian archbishop
• 1931 – Margaret Tyzack, British actress (d. 2011)
• 1932 – Sylvia Miles, American actress
• 1934 – Nicholas Liverpool, former President of Dominica (d. 2015)
• 1935 – Chaim Topol, Israeli actor
• 1939 – Reuven Rivlin, 10th President of Israel
• 1941 – Otis Redding, American musician (d. 1967)
• 1941 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist (d. 2011)
• 1945 – Richard Divall, Australian conductor and musicologist (d. 2017)
• 1945 – Alphonso Jackson, American politician
• 1946 – Doug Ingle, American musician (Iron Butterfly)
• 1946 – Jim Keays, Australian musician (d. 2014)
• 1947 – Freddy Weller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1949 – John Curry, British figure skater (d. 1994)
• 1949 – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 6th President of Indonesia

1951 – 1975

• 1951 – Alexander Downer, Australian politician
• 1951 – Tom Wopat, American actor, singer and director
• 1952 – David A. Stewart, British musician (Eurythmics)
• 1953 – Alisher Usmanov, Uzbek–Russian business magnate
• 1955 – John Kricfalusi, Canadian voice actor, animator, director and screenwriter
• 1956 – Anatoly Artsebarsky, Soviet–Ukrainian cosmonaut
• 1957 – Pierre-Laurent Aimard, French pianist and educator
• 1959 – Tom Foley, American baseball player and coach
• 1959 – Eric Serra, French composer
• 1960 – Hugh Grant, English actor
• 1960 – Bob Hartley, Canadian ice hockey coach
• 1961 – Matjaz Kek, Slovenian football coach
• 1962 – Liza Marklund, Swedish writer
• 1963 – Chris Coons, American politician
• 1963 – Roberto Donadoni, Italian footballer
• 1964 – Mike Ashley, English billionaire entrepreneur
• 1964 – John Hughes, Scottish football manager
• 1966 – Adam Sandler, American actor and comedian
• 1967 – Akshay Kumar, Indian actor
• 1967 – Hana Andronikova, Czech writer (d. 2011)
• 1968 – Shahbaz Bhatti, Pakistani politician (d. 2011)
• 1968 – Julia Sawalha, English actress
• 1969 – Rachel Hunter, New Zealand model
• 1971 – Eric Stonestreet, American actor
• 1971 – Henry Thomas, American actor, singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1972 – Goran Visnjic, Croatian actor
• 1974 – Ana Carolina, Brazilian singer, composer and musician
• 1974 – Gok Wan, English fashion consultant, writer and television host
• 1975 – Michael Bublé, Canadian singer

From 1976

• 1976 – Chace Ambrose, American actor and screenwriter
• 1976 – Jerry Newman, American composer and conductor
• 1976 – Aki Riihilahti, Finnish footballer
• 1977 – Fatih Tekke, Turkish footballer
• 1977 – Soulja Slim, American rapper (d. 2003)
• 1978 – Mariano Puerta, Argentine tennis player
• 1980 – Michelle Williams, American actress
• 1980 – Todd Coffey, American baseball player
• 1980 – Vaclav Drobny, Czech footballer (d. 2012)
• 1982 – Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1982 – Graham Onions, English cricketer
• 1983 – Kim Jung-hwa, South Korean actress and model
• 1984 – Andrey Silnov, Russian athlete
• 1984 – Brad Guzan, American footballer
• 1985 – Luka Modric, Croatian footballer
• 1987 – Alex Song, Cameroonian footballer
• 1987 – Andrea Petkovic, German tennis player
• 1987 – Nicole Aniston, American pornographic actress
• 1988 – Shizuka Nakamura, Japanese model and actress
• 1990 – Haley Reinhart, American singer-songwriter
• 1991 – Kelsey Chow, American actress
• 1991 – Oscar, Brazilian footballer
• 1993 – Ryohei Kato, Japanese gymnast
• 2000 – Victoria de Marichalar y Borbon, Spanish royal

Deaths

Up to 1900

• 701 – Pope Sergius I
• 1000 – Olaf I of Norway (b. 963)
• 1087 – King William I of England (b. 1028)
• 1398 – King James I of Cyprus (b. 1334)
• 1438 – King Edward of Portugal (b. 1391)
• 1487 – Chenghua, Chinese Emperor (b. 1447)
• 1488 – Francis II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1433)
• 1513 – King James IV of Scotland (b. 1473)
• 1569 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter
• 1583 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (b. 1539)
• 1596 – Anna Jagiellon, Queen of Poland (b. 1523)
• 1612 – Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese daimyo (b. 1570)
• 1676 – Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French army officer, founder of Montreal (b. 1612)
• 1806 – William Paterson, 2nd Governor of New Jersey (b. 1745)
• 1815 – John Singleton Copley, American painter (b. 1738)
• 1834 – James Weddell, British sailor (b. 1787)
• 1891 – Jules Grévy, President of France (b. 1813)
• 1898 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842)

1901 – 2000

• 1901 – Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (b. 1864)
• 1910 – Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician (b. 1821)
• 1915 – Albert Spalding, American baseball player and sporting goods maker (b. 1850)
• 1939 – U Ottama, Burmese national hero
• 1941 – Hans Spemann, German doctor and zoologist, won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1869)
• 1960 – Jussi Björling, Swedish opera singer (b. 1911)
• 1976 – Mao Zedong, political leader (People's Republic of China) (b. 1893)
• 1978 – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (b. 1892)
• 1978 – Jack Warner, American Hollywood studio founder (b. 1892)
• 1980 – John Howard Griffin, American writer (b. 1920)
• 1981 – Robert Askin, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1907)
• 1981 – Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist (b. 1901)
• 1983 – Luis Monti, Argentine–Italian footballer (b. 1901)
• 1985 – Paul Flory, American chemist (b. 1910)
• 1985 – Antonio Votto, Italian conductor (b. 1896)
• 1986 – Magda Tagliaferro, Brazilian classical pianist (b. 1893)
• 1990 – Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher (b. 1901)
• 1990 – Samuel K. Doe, Liberian military officer and President of Liberia (b. 1951)
• 1990 – Doc Cramer, American Major League Baseball player (b. 1905)
• 1993 – Helen O'Connell, singer (b. 1920)
• 1997 – Burgess Meredith, actor (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Lucio Battisti, Italian singer (b. 1943)
• 1999 – Jim "Catfish" Hunter, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1946)
• 2000 – Veerasamy Ringadoo, first President of Mauritius (b. 1920)

From 2001

• 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, Afghan military leader (b. 1953)
• 2003 – Larry Hovis, American actor (b. 1936)
• 2003 – Edward Teller, Hungarian–American physicist (b. 1908)
• 2007 – Hughie Thomasson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952)
• 2008 – Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (b. 1910)
• 2010 – Bent Larsen, Danish chess player (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Alberto Bevilacqua, Italian writer, poet and journalist (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Graham Joyce, British writer (b. 1954)
• 2014 – Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Bob Suter, American ice hockey player (b. 1957)
• 2014 – Howell Evans, Welsh actor (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Denny Miller, American actor (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Einar H. Ingman, Jr., American soldier (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Frank Aarebrot, Norwegian political scientist (b. 1947)
• 2017 – Michael Friedman, American composer and songwriter (b. 1975)
• 2017 – Oscar E. Huber, American politician (b. 1917)
• 2017 – Pierre Pilote, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931)
• 2018 – Frank Andersson, Swedish professional wrestler (b. 1956)
• 2018 – Johannes Geldenhuys, South African military commander (b. 1935)
• 2018 – Beat Richner, Swiss paediatrician and cellist (b. 1947)
• 2018 – Daniel Küblböck, German singer (b. 1985) (presumed drowned)
• 2018 – Mr. Catra, Brazilian rapper (b. 1968)
• 2018 – Javier Usabiaga Arroyo, Mexican businessman and politician (b. 1939)

Observances

• Admission Day (California)
• Independence Day (Tajikistan)
• National Day of North Korea
• Children's Day (Costa Rica)
• Human Rights Day (Colombia)