1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1868th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 868th year of the 2nd millennium, the 68th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1868, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1830s 1840s 1850s – 1860s – 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| Years: | 1865 1866 1867 – 1868 – 1869 1870 1871 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1868 MDCCCLXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2621 |
| Armenian calendar | 1317 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6618 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 24–25 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1789–1790 |
| Bengali calendar | 1275 |
| Berber calendar | 2818 |
| British Regnal year | 31 Vict. 1 – 32 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2412 |
| Burmese calendar | 1230 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7376–7377 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit) 4564 or 4504 — to — 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 4565 or 4505 |
| Coptic calendar | 1584–1585 |
| Discordian calendar | 3034 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1860–1861 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5628–5629 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1924–1925 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1789–1790 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4968–4969 |
| Holocene calendar | 11868 |
| Igbo calendar | 868–869 |
| Iranian calendar | 1246–1247 |
| Islamic calendar | 1284–1285 |
| Japanese calendar | Keiō 4 / Meiji 1 (明治元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1796–1797 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4201 |
| Minguo calendar | 44 before ROC 民前44年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 400 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2410–2411 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火兔年 (female Fire-Rabbit) 1994 or 1613 or 841 — to — 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 1995 or 1614 or 842 |
- Helium is discovered.
- Louisa May Alcott's novel Little Women is published.
- Meiji Restoration in Japan.
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