Orang Yunani

Orang Yunani atau Orang Greek (Bahasa Yunani: Έλληνες, Éllines) adalah bangsa dan kumpulan etnik, yang tinggal terutamanya di Balkan di selatan dan menetap di kawasan kini kita panggil Yunani dari awal alaf ke-w SM, dan Cyprus di tengah-tengah yang milenium. Bangsa ini turut membentuk suatu diaspora luas (omogenia) di seluruh dunia.^[16]

Orang Yunani

1st row: Homeros • Raja Leonidas • Perikles • Herodotus • Hippokrates 2nd row: Sokrates • Plato • Aristoteles • Alexander Agung • Archimedes 3rd row: Hypatia • Basil II • Alexios Komnenos • Gemistos Plethon • El Greco 4th row: Rigas Feraios • Theodoros Kolokotronis • Laskarina Bouboulina • Georgios Karaiskakis • Ioannis Kapodistrias • 5th row: Eleftherios Venizelos • Constantine Cavafy • Georgios Papanikolaou • Makarios III • Pyrros Dimas
Jumlah penduduk
s. 14–17 juta orang[1][2]"
Kawasan ramai penduduk
Greece  9,903,268 orang[3][4] (banci 2011)  Cyprus  721,000 orang[5][6][7] (anggaran 2011)
Amerika Syarikat	1,279,000–3,000,000 orangb (anggaran 2016)[8][9]
Jerman	443,000 orangg (2016 estimate)[10]
Australia	422,234 orang(banci 2011)[11]
United Kingdom	345,000–400,000 orang(2011 estimate)[12]
Kanada	271,405 orangc (banci 2016)[13]
Albania	215,000-300,000 orang[14]
New Zealand	k. 2,478 hingga 10,000 orang, boleh setinggi 50,000 orang[15] Yang lain-lain di dunia:    lihat diaspora Yunani
Afrika Selatan	138,000 (2011 estimate)[17]
Itali	110,000–200,000d (2013 estimate)[18][19][20]
Mesir	110,000[21][22]
Chile	100,000[23]
Ukraine	91,000 (2011 estimate)[24]
Rusia	85,640 (2010 census)[25]
Republik Demokratik Congo	66,000
Perancis	64,000
Argentina	42,000
Tanzania	38,000
Belanda	30,000
Belgium	29,000
Switzerland	17,000
Kazakhstan	15,000
Uruguay	14,000
Turki	13,000
Sweden	13,000
Mozambique	13,000
Austria	13,000
Zambia	11,000
Brazil	11,000
Mexico	10,000
Zimbabwe	8,800
Libya	8,000
Peru	6,800
Venezuela	6,100
Syria	6,000
Malawi	5,900
Uzbekistan	5,600
Georgia (negara)	5,500
Emiriah Arab Bersatu	5,500
Cameroon	5,500
Lubnan	5,100
Hungary	4,600
Sepanyol	4,000
Arab Saudi	3,700
Israel	3,700
Panama	3,600
Denmark	3,400
Cuba	2,400
Romania	2,100
Poland	2,100
Finland	1,779
Bahasa
Bahasa Yunani
Agama
Pradominannya Orthodoks Yunani, dengan Katolik Rom, Protestan, minoriti Muslim dan Ateis.
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan
orang Eropah lain

Orang Yunani umumnya menubuhkan koloni di seluruh laut Mediterranean dan selepas kempen Alexander bandar-bandar besar dan tanah jajahan mereka mencecah sehingga ke India hari ini. Hingga awal abad ke-20, Orang Greek adalah unifomnya dibekalkan antara semenanjung Greek, pesisiran barat Asia Kecil, Pontus dan Kustantiniyah, kawasan dimana berbetulan kepada perkembangan amat besar dengan sempadan dari Empayar Byzantium dari lewat abad ke-11 dan kawasan dari kolonisasi Yunani di dunia purba. Pada kesan dari Perang Yunani-Turki (1919-1922) pada 1923, sebuah pertukaran penduduk skala-besar pertukaran populasi antara pihak-pihak Yunani dan Turki memindahkan dan membataskan etnik Yunani hampir keseluruhan ke dalam sempadan dari negeri Yunani moden, yakni, di kawasan kumpulan penutur Yunani Indo-Eropah pertama mendirikan petempatan mereka sendiri sekitar 1500 SM. Etnik Greek lain boleh dijumpai dari Itali Selatan kepada Kaukasus dan komuniti diaspora Greek dalam bilangan dari negara lain. Kini, majoriti Greek adalah nominalnya penganut Ortodoksi Yunani.^[17]

Taburan masyarakat Yunani sedunia

• Yunani - 9,590,000
• Amerika Syarikat - 1,334,000
• Jerman - 573,000
• Australia - 270,000
• United Kingdom - 240,000
• Kanada - 158,000
• Itali - 154,000
• Poland - 115,000
• Albania - 99,000
• Argentina - 36,000
• Belgium - 17,000
• Austria - 12,000
• Armenia - 4,600
• Bahamas - 900
• Barbados - 300

Rujukan

1. Maratou-Alipranti 2013, halaman 196: "The Greek diaspora remains large, consisting of up to 4 million people globally."
2. Clogg 2013, halaman 228: "Greeks of the diaspora, settled in some 141 countries, were held to number 7 million although it is not clear how this figure was arrived at or what criteria were used to define Greek ethnicity, while the population of the homeland, according to the 1991 census, amounted to some 10.25 million."
3. "2011 Population and Housing Census". Hellenic Statistical Authority. 12 September 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 July 2016. Dicapai pada 18 May 2016. The Resident Population of Greece is 10.816.286, of which 5.303.223 male (49,0%) and 5.513.063 female (51,0%) ... The total number of permanent residents of Greece with foreign citizenship during the Census was 912.000. [See Graph 6: Resident Population by Citizenship]
4. "Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece: An Analytic Study of Available Data and Recommendations for Conformity with European Union Standards" (PDF). Archive of European Integration (AEI). University of Pittsburgh. 15 November 2004. Dicapai pada 18 May 2016. [p. 5] The Census recorded 762.191 persons normally resident in Greece and without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of these, 48.560 are EU or EFTA nationals; there are also 17.426 Cypriots with privileged status.
5. Statistical Service (year=2003–2016). "Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011". Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Finance, Statistical Service. Missing pipe in: |year= (bantuan); Check date values in: |year= (bantuan)
6. Cole 2011, Yiannis Papadakis, "Cypriots, Greek", pp. 92–95
7. "Where are the Greek communities of the world?". themanews.com. Protothemanews.com. 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 March 2016. Dicapai pada 14 August 2015.
8. "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011–2013 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". American FactFinder. U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 14 February 2020. Dicapai pada 23 May 2016.
9. "U.S. Relations with Greece". United States Department of State. 10 March 2016. Dicapai pada 18 May 2016. Today, an estimated three million Americans resident in the United States claim Greek descent. This large, well-organized community cultivates close political and cultural ties with Greece.
10. "Statistical Yearbook Germany Extract Chapter 2: Population, Families and Living Arrangements in Germany". Statistisches Bundesamt. 14 March 2013. m/s. 21.
11. "2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June 2012. Dicapai pada 13 February 2014.
12. "United Kingdom: Cultural Relations and Greek Community". Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 9 July 2013. There are between 40 and 45 thousand Greeks residing permanently in the UK, and the Greek Orthodox Church has a strong presence in the Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain ... There is a significant Greek presence of Greek students in tertiary education in the UK. A large Cypriot community – numbering 250–300 thousand – rallies round the National Federation of Cypriots in Great Britain and the Association of Greek Orthodox Communities of Great Britain.
13. "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca.
14. Jeffries 2002, halaman 69: "It is difficult to know how many ethnic Greeks there are in Albania. The Greek government, it is typically claimed, says there are around 300,000 ethnic Greeks in Albania, but most Western estimates are around the 200,000 mark ..."
15. "Greeks Around the Globe". AusGreekNet. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 June 2006.
16. Roberts 2007, halaman 171–172, 222.
17. Encarta: Greece Diarkibkan 2007-04-20 di Wayback Machine

Sumber utama

• Roberts, J.M. (2007). The New Penguin History of the World. London and New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-103042-5.

Templat:Tunas-etnik