Agama di Thailand

Agama di Thailand beragam. Tidak ada agama negara resmi dalam konstitusi Thai, kebebasan beragama diberikan kepada seluruh warga negara Thai, meskipun raja yang disahkan secara hukum harus beragama Buddha Theravada.^[2] Agama utama yang dipraktikkan di Thailand adalah Buddha. Penduduk Tionghoa Thai juga mempraktikan agama tradisional Tionghoa, termasuk Tao. Beberapa etnis lainnya, khususnya kelompok etnis Isan, mempraktikan agama tradisional Thai. Jumlah Muslim yang signifikan, yang kebanyakan meliputi Melayu Thai, terdapat di wilayah selatan.

Agama di Thailand (2024)[1]
Agama			Persen
Buddha			94,46%
Islam			5,37%
Kristen			1,13%
Hindu dan Sikh			0,02%
Lainnya			0,02%

Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok, Thailand.

Sebuah Wihara Buddha Theravada Thai (kiri) dan kelenteng agama tradisional Tionghoa (kanan), yang saling berdampingan, memperlihatkan keragaman agama yang dipraktikkan di Thailand.

Wat Arun pada saat senja.

Agama utama

Buddha

Artikel utama: Agama Buddha di Thailand

Agama Buddha di Thailand sebagian besar beraliran Theravada. Sekitar 93.47% dari jumlah penduduk di Thailand adalah penganut agama Buddha dari aliran Theravada, meskipun Buddhisme Thai dipraktikkan bersama dengan kepercayaan tradisional Tai oleh orang Tai, dan kepercayaan tradisional Tionghoa oleh Tionghoa Thai.^[3]

Wihara-wihara Buddha di Thailand diciri-cirikan dengan stupa-stupa emas yang tinggi, dan arsitektur Buddha Thailand yang mirip dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara lainnya, khususnya Kamboja dan Laos, yang berbagi warisan sejarah dengan Kamboja.

Hasil Sensus

Gambaran

Agama	Sensus 2010[4]		Sensus 2015[5]		Sensus 2018[1]
	Populasi	%	Populasi	%	Populasi	%
Buddha	61,746,429	93.58%	63,620,298	94.50%	63,299,192	93.46%
Islam	3,259,340	4.94%		4.29%	3,639,233	5.37%
Kristen	789,376	1.20%		1.17%	767,624	1.13%
Hindu	41,808	0.06%		0.03%	12,195	0.018%
Sikh	11,124	0.02%		0.001%
Konghucu	16,718	0.02%	1,030	0.001%	2,009	0.003%
Lainnya	70,742	0.11%	1,583	0.002%
Tanpa agama	46,122	0.07%	2,925	0.005%	2,082	0.003%
Tidak diketahui	3,820	0.005%	-	-	4,085	0.016%
Total	65,981,660	100%	67,228,562	100%	67,726,419	100%

hi

Agama menurut wilayah

Berdasarkan data sensus 2015,^[5] dari 67.328.562 jiwa penduduk Thailand, mereka memeluk agama yang berbeda-beda. Berikut adalah jumlah penduduk berdasarkan kelompok agama yang dianut menurut wilayah:

Agama	Bangkok	%	Wilayah Tengah	%	Wilayah Utara	%	Wilayah Timur Laut	%	Wilayah Selatan	%
Buddha	8,197,188	93.95%	18,771,520	97.57%	11,044,018	96.23%	18,698,599	99.83%	6,908,973	75.45%
Islam	364,855	4.18%	247,430	1.29%	35,561	0.31%	16,851	0.09%	2,227,613	24.33%
Kristen	146,592	1.68%	214,444	1.11%	393,969	3.43%	13,825	0.07%	18,759	0.21%
Hindu	16,306	0.19%	5,280	0.03%	207	0.002%	318	0.001%	-	-
Sikh	-	-	-	-	378	0.003%	-	-	491	0.005%
Lainnya	-	-	294	0.00%	1,808	0.16%	-	-	359	0.004%
Tidak beragama	289	0.00%	473	0.002%	1,001	0.01%	436	0.002%	726	0.008%

Agama menurut provinsi

Berdasarkan data sensus 2010, penduduk Thailand memeluk agama yang berbeda-beda. Berikut adalah jumlah penduduk berdasarkan kelompok agama yang dianut menurut provinsi:

Religion	Buddha	%	Islam	%	Kristen	%	Hindu	%	Konghucu	%	Sikh	%	Lainnya	%	Tidak beragama	%	Tidak diketahui	%	Total
Bangkok[6]	7,686,022	92.54%	382,385	4.60%	157,534	1.89%	22,820	0.27%	6,800	0.08%	7,183	0.08%	24,330	0.29%	17,091	0.20%	1,053	0.01%	8,305,218
Amnat Charoen[7]	281,675	99.28%	267	0.09%	1,649	0.58%	59	0.02%	13	0.01%	13	0.01%	53	0.02%	-	-	-	-	283,729
Ang Thong[8]	249,847	98.25%	3,994	1.57%	213	0.08%	172	0.07%	7	0.01%	7	0.01%	42	0.01%	9	0.01%	-	-	254,292
Bueng Kan[9]	360,468	99.37%	242	0.07%	1,913	0.53%	96	0.03%	21	0.01%	12	0.01%	-	-	3	0.01%	-	-	362,754
Buriram[10]	1,261,658	98.96%	1,911	0.15%	7,508	0.59%	745	0.06%	278	0.02%	131	0.01%	1,746	0.14%	911	0.07%	25	0.01%	1,274,912
Chachoengsao[11]	663,790	92.76%	46,041	6.43%	4,457	0.62%	231	0.03%	43	0.01%	55	0.01%	626	0.09%	360	0.05%	-	-	715,603
Chai Nat[12]	304,407	99.61%	592	0.19%	424	0.14%	35	0.01%	23	0.01%	18	0.01%	47	0.02%	41	0.01%	-	-	305,587
Chaiyaphum[13]	961,401	99.74%	944	0.10%	1,185	0.12%	227	0.02%	59	0.01%	57	0.01%	9	0.01%	16	0.01%	9	0.01%	963,907
Chanthaburi[14]	475,653	97.95%	1,937	0.40%	5,922	1.22%	129	0.03%	65	0.01%	40	0.01%	1,016	0.21%	849	0.17%	-	-	485,611
Chiang Mai[15]	1,592,164	91.66%	6,789	0.39%	133,761	7.70%	790	0.05%	365	0.02%	189	0.01%	546	0.03%	2,420	0.14%	17	0.01%	1,737,041
Chiang Rai[16]	1,065,169	90.81%	3,167	0.27%	103,450	8.82%	478	0.04%	212	0.02%	52	0.01%	139	0.01%	245	0.02%	15	0.01%	1,172,928
Chonburi[17]	1,463,280	94.08%	23,269	1.50%	56,878	3.66%	1,155	0.07%	610	0.04%	426	0.03%	6,139	0.39%	3,601	0.23%	-	-	1,555,358
Chumphon[18]	462,822	98.94%	3,545	0.76%	1,040	0.22%	115	0.02%	88	0.02%	11	0.01%	79	0.01%	101	0.02%	-	-	467,801
Kalasin[19]	821,714	99.66%	1,058	0.13%	1,348	0.16%	72	0.01%	30	0.01%	33	0.01%	203	0.02%	76	0.01%	-	-	824,534
Kamphaeng Phet[20]	790,017	99.08%	1,571	0.20%	3,775	0.47%	226	0.03%	124	0.01%	94	0.01%	746	0.09%	838	0.11%	-	-	797,391
Kanchanaburi[21]	789,692	98.52%	2,849	0.35%	7,833	0.97%	203	0.02%	204	0.02%	20	0.01%	145	0.01%	573	0.07%	-	-	801,519
Khon Kaen[22]	1,731,964	99.43%	2,593	0.15%	6,251	0.36%	517	0.03%	232	0.01%	370	0.02%	39	0.01%	2	0.01%	2	0.01%	1,741,969
Krabi[23]	235,594	65.04%	125,476	34.64%	517	0.14%	120	0.03%	59	0.01%	34	0.01%	305	0.08%	93	0.02%	5	0.01%	362,203
Lampang[24]	729,866	98.21%	1,422	0.19%	10,730	1.44%	68	0.01%	108	0.01%	37	0.01%	665	0.08%	243	0.03%	3	0.01%	743,143
Lamphun[25]	410,259	99.40%	631	0.15%	1,698	0.41%	30	0.01%	12	0.01%	16	0.01%	96	0.02%	-	-	-	-	412,741
Loei[26]	543,592	99.55%	544	0.10%	1,778	0.33%	-	-	12	0.01%	17	0.01%	73	0.01%	16	0.01%	-	-	546,031
Lopburi[27]	765,821	99.47%	1,525	0.20%	1,304	0.17%	141	0.02%	55	0.01%	51	0.01%	294	0.04%	733	0.10%	-	-	769,925
Mae Hong Son[28]
Maha Sarakham[29]
Mukdahan[30]
Nakhon Nayok[31]
Nakhon Pathom[32]	928,954	98.42%	2,162	0.23%	9,803	1.04%	444	0.05%	108	0.01%	38	0.01%	1,574	0.17%	810	0.09%	-	-	943,892
Nakhon Phanom[33]
Nakhon Ratchasima[34]
Nakhon Sawan[35]
Nakhon Si Thammarat[36]	1,353,244	93.30%	94,914	6.54%	1,323	0.09%	250	0.02%	167	0.01%	29	0.01%	538	0.03%	-	-	-	-	1,450,466
Nan[37]	444,201	98.10%	329	0.07%	8,071	1.78%	27	0.01%	10	0.01%	19	0.01%	156	0.03%	-	-	-	-	452,814
Narathiwat[38]	93,968	14.02%	575,585	85.90%	212	0.03%	44	0.01%	161	0.02%	30	0.01%	2	0.01%	-	-	-	-	670,002
Nong Bua Lamphu[39]	484,770	99.75%	448	0.09%	650	0.13%	57	0.01%	13	0.01%	19	0.01%	-	-	17	0.01%	-	-	485,974
Nong Khai[40]	817,218	99.48%	575	0.07%	3,416	0.42%	214	0.03%	61	0.01%	32	0.01%	-	-	10	0.01%	-	-	821,526
Nonthaburi[41]	1,282,703	96.14%	41,816	3.13%	7,760	0.59%	656	0.05%	373	0.01%	89	0.01%	172	0.01%	473	0.03%	40	0.01%	1,334,083
Pathum Thani[42]	1,271,785	95.83%	35,867	2.70%	9,807	0.74%	1,367	0.10%	706	0.05%	99	0.01%	6,592	0.50%	845	0.06%	78	0.01%	1,327,147
Pattani[43]	94,507	15.52%	513,841	84.37%	221	0.04%	77	0.01%	58	0.01%	49	0.01%	237	0.39%	23	0.01%	3	0.01%	609,015
Phang Nga[44]	200,324	77.48%	57,081	22.08%	786	0.30%	98	0.04%	23	0.01%	46	0.01%	2	0.01%	174	0.07%	-	-	258,534
Phatthalung[45]	423,199	87.99%	56,282	11.70%	973	0.20%	79	0.02%	109	0.02%	24	0.01%	248	0.05%	58	0.01%	3	0.01%	480,976
Phayao[46]	412,121	98.74%	487	0.12%	4,275	1.02%	35	0.01%	19	0.01%	14	0.01%	103	0.02%	321	0.07%	4	0.01%	417,380
Phetchabun[47]	929,722	98.90%	2,774	0.30%	5,818	0.62%	392	0.04%	499	0.05%	57	0.01%	407	0.04%	400	0.04%	7	0.01%	940,076
Phetchaburi[48]	460,327	97.41%	10,398	2.20%	1,411	0.30%	61	0.01%	52	0.01%	5	0.01%	128	0.03%	206	0.04%	-	-	472,589
Phichit[49]
Phitsanulok[50]
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya[51]	827,251	95.01%	37,056	4.26%	3,024	0.35%	330	0.04%	78	0.01%	44	0.01%	458	0.05%	57	0.01%	2,373	0.27%	870,671
Phrae[52]	423,310	99.04%	551	0.13%	3,118	0.73%	45	0.01%	52	0.01%	35	0.01%	184	0.04%	101	0.02%	2	0.01%	427,398
Phuket[53]	418,025	79.52%	83,969	15.97%	19,058	3.63%	1,011	0.19%	67	0.01%	104	0.02%	930	0.18%	2,453	0.47%	91	0.02%	525,709
Prachinburi[54]
Prachuap Khiri Khan[55]
Ranong[56]
Ratchaburi[57]	781,901	98.14%	2,802	0.35%	10,108	1.27%	411	0.05%	205	0.03%	90	0.01%	474	0.06%	757	0.10%	-	-	796,748
Rayong[58]
Roi Et[59]
Sa Kaeo[60]	553,526	99.56%	721	0.13%	1,393	0.25%	90	0.01%	31	0.01%	14	0.01%	54	0.01%	132	0.02%	-	-	555,961
Sakon Nakhon[61]
Samut Prakan[62]
Samut Prakan[63]
Samut Songkhram[64]
Saraburi[65]
Satun[66]	89,715	32.64%	184,552	67.14%	403	0.15%	17	0.01%	152	0.06%	16	0.01%	-	-	8	0.01%	-	-	274,863
Sing Buri[67]	197,857	98.94%	891	0.45%	1,149	0.57%	50	0.03%	3	0.01%	7	0.01%	-	-	23	0.01%	2	0.01%	199,982
Sisaket[68]	1,047,650	99.21%	1,677	0.16%	5,818	0.55%	196	0.02%	30	0.01%	41	0.01%	312	0.03%	255	0.02%	-	-	1,055,979
Songkhla[69]	1,102,830	74.46%	374,728	25.30%	2,635	0.18%	218	0.01%	214	0.01%	37	0.01%	271	0.01%	88	0.01%	-	-	1,481,021
Sukhothai[70]
Suphan Buri[71]
Surat Thani[72]	978,368	96.93%	22,521	2.23%	2,313	0.23%	460	0.05%	238	0.02%	42	0.01%	2,469	0.24%	2,940	0.29%	-	-	1,009,351
Surin[73]
Tak[74]
Trang[75]	511,698	85.44%	85,609	14.29%	1,216	0.20%	74	0.01%	13	0.01%	26	0.01%	200	0.03%	40	0.01%	-	-	598,877
Trat[76]
Ubon Ratchathani[77]
Udon Thani[78]
Uthai Thani[79]
Uttaradit[80]
Yala[81]	100,778	23.27%	331,747	76.59%	453	0.10%	69	0.02%	61	0.01%	40	0.01%	-	-	16	0.01%	3	0.01%	433,167
Yasothon[82]	482,651	98.91%	453	0.09%	4,689	0.96%	140	0.03%	28	0.01%	15	0.01%	-	-	-	-	-	-	487,976
Total	61,746,429	100%	3,259,340	100%	789,376	100%	41,808	100%	16,718	100%	11,124	100%	66,922	100%	46,122	100%	3,820	100%	65,981,660

Sumber

• Tatsuki Kataoka. Religion as Non-religion: The Place of Chinese Temples in Phuket, Southern Thailand. In Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2012, pp. 461–485. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University.