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از ویکیپدیا، دانشنامه آزاد
این فهرست جمهوریها است. تعیین نوع حکومت در مورد حکومتهای دوران باستان (یا بعد از آن، در جوامعی که به اصطلاحات مدرن مراجعه نمیکردند تا شکل حکومت خود را مشخص کنند) و ارزیابی این که یک سازمان دولتی، «جمهوری» بوده یا خیر، بر پایه تحلیل گذشتهنگر، توسط مورخان و نظریهپردازان سیاسی، صورت گرفته است.
کشور | تاریخ موجودیت (ق. م) | توضیحات |
---|---|---|
Mahajanapadas[۱] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 345 | Sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period. |
Licchavikas[۲][۳] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 | The leading confederate tribe of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Vesālī was the republic's capital.[۲][۳] |
Vaidehas[۲][۴] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 | One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Mithilā was the republic's capital.[۲][۴] |
Nāyas[۲][۵] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 | One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Kuṇḍagāma was the republic's capital.[۲][۵] |
Mallakas[۲][۶] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 | One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the Mallakas were divided into two republics with the cities of Kusinārā and Pāvā as their respective capitals.[۲][۶] |
Sakyas[۷] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century | |
Koliyas[۸] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century | |
Moriyas[۹] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century | |
Bulayas[۱۰] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century | |
Bhaggas[۱۱] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th/4th century | |
Kālāmas[۱۲] | c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th/4th century | |
Roman Republic | ۵۰۹–۲۷ | |
Classical Athens | ۵۰۸–۳۲۲ | Various Greek city-states under Classical Athenian influence; these loyalties and governments changed frequently (see synoecisms), and in some instances were even under the influence of Sparta without succumbing to oligarchy. |
Ancient Carthage | ۴۸۰–۱۴۶ | In 308 BC, an attempted coup to restore the monarch to full power failed, which led to Carthage retaining its republican government.[۱۳] |
A maritime republic was a thalassocratic city-state during the Middle Ages in which the merchant class had considerable power.
A free imperial city was a self-ruling city member of the Holy Roman Empire that was represented in the Imperial Diet.
A sister republic was a client state of France established by French armies or by local revolutionaries and assisted by the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.
آفریقا
آمریکای شمالی
آمریکای جنوبی
آسیا
اروپا
اقیانوسیه
آفریقا
قاره آمریکا
آسیا
اروپا
اقیانوسیه
در استفاده مدرن، یک نظام حکومتی جمهوریخواهانه، به هر دولتی که ادعای این نامگذاری را داشته باشد، به آسانی، اعمال میشود.[۲۰] به عنوان مثال، جمهوری دومینیکن در زمان رافائل تروخیو یا جمهوری عراق در زمان صدام حسین نیز جمهوری محسوب میشود.
جمهوریهای کنفدرال، انجمنهایی از دولتهای مستقل هستند که معمولاً بر مسائل مهم مشترک مانند دفاع و سیاست خارجی، قدرت دارند:
جمهوری پادشاهی، شکلی از پادشاهی مشروطه است که در آن، نقش پادشاه عمدتاً تشریفاتی و تمام اختیارات سلطنتی، توسط عرف و قانون تجویز میشود؛ به گونه ای که پادشاه، اختیار محدودی در مورد مسائل دولتی و قانون اساسی دارد.
Democratic republics are usually socialist states, although not all of them are necessarily socialist.
Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government. Federal republics are not unitary states.
جمهوریهایی که بر پایه احکام اسلام اداره میشوند:
گفته میشود که جمهوریهای خلق، توسط مردم اداره میشوند. این نام، اغلب (اما نه همیشه) توسط دولتهای کمونیستی استفاده میشود.
These are republics that use the word "socialist" in their official name.
Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature. Unitary states are not federations or confederations.
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