فهرست جمهوری‌ها

از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامه آزاد

این فهرست جمهوری‌ها است. تعیین نوع حکومت در مورد حکومت‌های دوران باستان (یا بعد از آن، در جوامعی که به اصطلاحات مدرن مراجعه نمی‌کردند تا شکل حکومت خود را مشخص کنند) و ارزیابی این که یک سازمان دولتی، «جمهوری» بوده یا خیر، بر پایه تحلیل گذشته‌نگر، توسط مورخان و نظریه‌پردازان سیاسی، صورت گرفته است.

فهرست جمهوری‌ها بر پایه دوره زمانی

خلاصه
دیدگاه

دوران باستان

اطلاعات بیشتر کشور, تاریخ موجودیت (ق. م) ...
کشور تاریخ موجودیت (ق. م) توضیحات
Mahajanapadas[۱] c. 7th/6th century – c. 345 Sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period.
Licchavikas[۲][۳] c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 The leading confederate tribe of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Vesālī was the republic's capital.[۲][۳]
Vaidehas[۲][۴] c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Mithilā was the republic's capital.[۲][۴]
Nāyas[۲][۵] c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Kuṇḍagāma was the republic's capital.[۲][۵]
Mallakas[۲][۶] c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the Mallakas were divided into two republics with the cities of Kusinārā and Pāvā as their respective capitals.[۲][۶]
Sakyas[۷] c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
Koliyas[۸] c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
Moriyas[۹] c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
Bulayas[۱۰] c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
Bhaggas[۱۱] c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th/4th century
Kālāmas[۱۲] c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th/4th century
Roman Republic ۵۰۹–۲۷
Classical Athens ۵۰۸–۳۲۲ Various Greek city-states under Classical Athenian influence; these loyalties and governments changed frequently (see synoecisms), and in some instances were even under the influence of Sparta without succumbing to oligarchy.
Ancient Carthage ۴۸۰–۱۴۶ In 308 BC, an attempted coup to restore the monarch to full power failed, which led to Carthage retaining its republican government.[۱۳]
بستن

قرون وسطی

  • Khersonite State (422 BCE - 1299 CE)
  • سان مارینو جمهوری سان مارینو (از ۳۰۱، رسماً از ۱۶۰۰)
  • Monemvasía State (588-1252)
  • Qarmatians (899–1067)
  • Gotland (?–1285)
  • Upstalsboom League (c. 12th century–15th century)
  • Icelandic Commonwealth (930–1262)
  • Couto Misto (c. 1000 – 1868)
  • Taifa of Córdoba (1031–1070)
  • Republic of Florence (1115–1537)
  • Republic of Siena (1125–1557)
  • Novgorod Republic (1136–1478)[۱۴]
  • Commune of Rome (1144–1193)
  • Most Serene Republic of Lucca (1160–1805)
  • Haudenosaunee (c. 13th century–1794)
  • Republic of Massa (1225–1336)
  • Republic of Sassari (1275–1323)
  • Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1798)
  • Republic of Poljica (1322–1806)
  • Republic of Senarica (1343–1797)
  • Pskov Republic (1348–1510)
  • Confederacy of Tlaxcala (1348–1520)
  • Dithmarschen (c. 1400 – 1559)
  • Republic of Cospaia (1440–1826)
  • Golden Ambrosian Republic (1447–1450)

جمهوری‌های دریایی

A maritime republic was a thalassocratic city-state during the Middle Ages in which the merchant class had considerable power.

  • Most Serene Republic of Venice (697–1797)
  • Republic of Gaeta (839–1140)
  • Republic of Amalfi (839–1131)
  • Bajjāna (886–922)
  • Republic of Ancona (c. 1000 – 1532)
  • Republic of Pisa (c. 1000 – 1406, 1494–1509)
  • Most Serene Republic of Genoa (c. 1100 – 1797)
  • Republic of Noli (1192–1797)
  • Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808)

شهرهای آزاد امپراتوری

A free imperial city was a self-ruling city member of the Holy Roman Empire that was represented in the Imperial Diet.

  • Free Imperial City of Worms (c. 11th century–1789)
  • Free Imperial City of Goslar (1081–1802)
  •  Free Imperial City of Aachen (1166–1801)
  • Free Imperial City of Ulm (de jure: 1290–1803; de facto: 1184–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Besançon (1184–1654)
  •  Free Imperial City of Hamburg (1189–1806;)
  • Free Imperial City of Konstanz (1192–1548)
  • Free Imperial City of Wetzlar (c. 12th century–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Friedberg (1211–1806)
  • Free Imperial City of Nördlingen (1215–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Nuremberg (1219–1806)
  • Free Imperial City of Nordhausen (1220–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Pfullendorf (1220–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Lübeck (1226–1811)
  • Free Imperial City of Rheinfelden (1225–1330)
  • Free Imperial City of Colmar (1226–1679)
  • Free Imperial City of Esslingen (1229–1802/3)
  • Free Imperial City of Offenburg (c. 1240–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Reutlingen (1240–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Bopfingen (1241–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Mainz (1241–1462)
  • Free Imperial City of Regensburg (1245–1486; 1496–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Schweinfurt (1245–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Windsheim (1248–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Buchau (c. 1250–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Mühlhausen (1251–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Strasbourg (1262–1681)
  • Free Imperial City of Memmigen (1268–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Rottweil (1268–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Überlingen (1268–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Gmünd (1268–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Rothenburg (1274–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Buchhorn (1275–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Lindau (1275–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Weil (1275–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Augsburg (1276–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Ravensburg (1276–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Hall (1280–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Biberach an der Riß (۱۲۸۱–۱۸۰۳)
  • Free Imperial City of Kaufbeuren (1286–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Wangen (1286–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Cologne (1288–1801)
  • Free Imperial City of Kempten (1289–1802/3)
  • Free Imperial City of Dortmund (1293–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Leutkirch (1293–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Speyer (1294–1792)
  • Free Imperial City of Weißenburg (1296–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Zell am Harmersbach (c. 14th century–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Wimpfen (c. 1300–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Donauwörth (1308–1607)
  • Free Imperial City of Mühlhausen (1347–1798)
  • Free Imperial City of Dinkelsbühl (1351–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Aalen (1360–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Gengenbach (1360–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Isny (1365–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Bremen (de jure: 1654–1811; de facto: 1366–1811)
  • Free Imperial City of Heilbronn (1371–1802)
  • Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (1372–1806)
  • Free Imperial City of Giengen (1391–1803)
  • Free Imperial City of Diessenhofen (1415–1460)
  • Republic of Gersau (1433–1798)
  • Free Imperial City of Soest (1449–1616)

دوران مدرن اولیه

  • Zaporizhian Sich (1552–1775)
  • Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
  •  جمهوری هلند (1581–1795)
  • Saint-Malo (1590–1594)
  • Republic of Salé (۱۶۱۹–۱۶۶۸)
  • کاتالونیا Catalan Republic (1641)
  • Cossack Hetmanate (1649–1764)
  • انگلستان Commonwealth of England (1649–1660)
  • الگو:Country data Regency of Algiers Regency of Algiers (1659–1830)[۱۵]
  • Republic of Pirates (1706–1718)
  • Corsican Republic (1755–1769)[۱۶]
  • Republic of Paulava (1769–1795)
  •  ایالات متحده آمریکا (از سال ۱۷۷۶، رسماً از ۱۷۸۹)
  • Lanfang Republic (1777–1884)
  • Vermont Republic (1777–1791)[۱۷]
  • الگو:Country data First French Republic First French Republic (1792–1804)
  • Republic of Swellendam (1795)
  • Republic of Graaff-Reinet (1795–1796)
  • State of Muskogee (1799–1803)

Sister republics

A sister republic was a client state of France established by French armies or by local revolutionaries and assisted by the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.

  • Republic of Liège (1789–1791)
  • United Belgian States (1790)
  • Rauracian Republic (1792–1793)
  • Republic of Mainz (1793)
  • Republic of Bouillon (1794–1795)
  • Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
  • Republic of Alba (1796)
  • Bolognese Republic (1796)
  • Republic of Reggio (1796)
  • Cispadane Republic (1796–1797)
  • Transpadane Republic (1796–1797)
  • Republic of Asti (1797)
  • Republic of Bergamo (1797)
  • Republic of Brescia (1797)
  • Republic of Crema (1797)
  • Anconine Republic (1797–1798)
  • Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802)
  • Cisrhenian Republic (1797–1802)
  • Ligurian Republic (1797–1805)
  • Lemanic Republic (1798)
  • Tiberina Republic (1798)
  • Republic of Connacht (1798)
  • Piedmontese Republic (1798–1799)
  •  جمهوری هلوتیک (1798–1802)
  • Roman Republic (1798–1799)
  • Republic of Pescara (1799)
  • Parthenopean Republic (1799)
  • Republic of Lucca (1799–1805)
  • Subalpine Republic (1800–1802)
  • Italian Republic (1802–1805)
  • Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810)
  • Swiss Confederation (1803–1815)
  • Republic of Ragusa (1806–1808)
  • Free City of Danzig (1807–1814)

دوران مدرن

قرن ۱۹

آفریقا

  • جمهوری لیبریا (از ۱۸۴۷)
  • Republic of Maryland (1853–1857)
  •  ایالت آزاد ارنج (1854–1902)
  • جمهوری آفریقای جنوبی South African Republic (1856–1877; 1881–1902)

آمریکای شمالی

  • First Republic of Haiti (1806–1811)
  • State of Haiti (1810–1811)
  • Republic of West Florida (1810)
  • Republic of East Florida (1812)
  • Republic of the Floridas (1817)
  • Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822)
  • Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)
  • First Mexican United States (1824–1835)
  • Republic of Madawaska (1827)
  • Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835)
  • Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)
  •  جمهوری تگزاس (1836–1845)
  • Republic of Canada (1837–1838)
  • State of Los Altos (1838–1840; 1848–1849)
  • Republic of Lower Canada (1838)
  • Free State of Costa Rica (1838–1847)
  • Republic of Honduras (1838–1896)
  • Republic of Nicaragua (1838–1896)
  • Republic of the Rio Grande (1840)
  •  جمهوری یوکاتان (1840–1843; 1846–1848)
  • جمهوری گواتمالا (از ۱۸۴۰)
  • Republic of El Salvador (1841–1896)
  • First Dominican Republic (1844–1861)
  • California Republic (June–July 1846)
  • Second Mexican United States (1846–1863)
  • First Costa Rican Republic (1848–1948)
  • State of Deseret (1849–1850)
  • Republic of Baja California (15 October 1853–January 1854)
  • Republic of Sonora (۱۵ اکتبر ۱۸۵۳ – ۸ مه ۱۸۵۴)
  • جمهوری دوم هائیتی (از ۱۸۵۹)
  • Confederate States of America (1860–1865)
  • Second Dominican Republic (1865–1916)
  • ایالات متحده مکزیک (از ۱۸۶۷)
  • Republic of Manitobah (1867–1869)
  • United States of Central America (1896–1898)
  • جمهوری السالوادور (از ۱۸۹۸)
  • جمهوری هندوراس (از ۱۸۹۸)
  • جمهوری نیکاراگوئه (از ۱۸۹۸)

آمریکای جنوبی

  • جمهوری پاراگوئه (از ۱۸۱۱)
  • American Confederation of Venezuela (1811–1819)
  • United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1816–1831)
  • جمهوری شیلی (از ۱۸۱۸)
  • Republic of Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
  • Free Province of Guayaquil (1820–1829)
  • Republic of Entre Ríos (1820–1821)
  • Republic of Tucumán (1820–1821)
  • Republic of Peru (1824–1836)
  • Republic of Bolivia (1825–1836)
  • جمهوری شرقی اروگوئه (از ۱۸۲۸)
  • جمهوری اکوادور (از ۱۸۳۰)
  • State of Venezuela (1830–1864)
  • Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
  • Republic of New Granada (1831–1858)
  • Republic of South Peru (1836)
  • Republic of North Peru (1836)
  • Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
  • Riograndense Republic (1836–1845)
  • Juliana Republic (1839)
  • جمهوری پرو (از ۱۸۳۹)
  • Republic of Bolivia (1839–2009)
  • State of Buenos Aires (1852–1861)
  • Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
  • جمهوری آرژانتین (از ۱۸۶۱)
  • United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
  • United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)
  • جمهوری کلمبیا (از ۱۸۸۶)
  • Republic of Independent Guiana (20 July 1886–1891)
  • Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1930)

آسیا

  • Lanfang Republic (1777–1884)
  • Republic of Ezo (1868–1869)
  • Zheltuga Republic (1883–1886)
  • Republic of Formosa (1895)
  • Republic of Biak-na-Bato (1897)
  • First Philippine Republic (1898–1901)

اروپا

  • Septinsular Republic (1800–1815)
  • Republic of Gersau (1814–1818)
  •  جمهوری جنوا (1814–1815)
  • سوئیس Swiss Confederation (1814–1848)
  • United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864)
  • Free City of Krakow (1815–1846)
  • Free City of Bremen (1815–1871)
  • Free City of Hamburg (1815–1871)
  • Free City of Lübeck (1815–1871)
  • Free City of Frankfurt (1816–1866)
  • Neutral Moresnet (1816–1920)
  • First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)
  • فرانسه Second French Republic (1848–1852)
  • کنفدراسیون سوئیس (از ۱۸۴۸)
  • Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848–1849)
  • Roman Republic (February–April 1849)
  • Republic of San Marco (March 1848–August 1849)
  • فرانسه Third French Republic (1871–1940)
  • First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)
  • Cantons of Alcoy, Algeciras, Alicante, Almansa, Andújar, Bailén, Béjar, Cadiz, Camuñas, Castellón, Córdoba, Granada, Gualchos, Huelva, Jaén, Jumilla, Loja, Málaga, Motril, Murcia, Orihuela, Plasencia, Salamanca, San Fernando, Sevilla, Tarifa, Torrevieja, Valencia (1873) and Cartagena (1873–1874)
  • Republic of Tamrash (1878–1886)

اقیانوسیه

  • Independent Commune of Franceville (1889)[۱۸]
  • هاوایی Republic of Hawai'i (1894–1898)

قرن ۲۰

آفریقا

قاره آمریکا

آسیا

اروپا

اقیانوسیه

قرن ۲۱

فهرست جمهوری‌ها بر پایه نوع

خلاصه
دیدگاه

در استفاده مدرن، یک نظام حکومتی جمهوری‌خواهانه، به هر دولتی که ادعای این نامگذاری را داشته باشد، به آسانی، اعمال می‌شود.[۲۰] به عنوان مثال، جمهوری دومینیکن در زمان رافائل تروخیو یا جمهوری عراق در زمان صدام حسین نیز جمهوری محسوب می‌شود.

جمهوری‌های عربی

جمهوری‌های کنفدرال

جمهوری‌های کنفدرال، انجمن‌هایی از دولت‌های مستقل هستند که معمولاً بر مسائل مهم مشترک مانند دفاع و سیاست خارجی، قدرت دارند:

جمهوری‌های پادشاهی

جمهوری پادشاهی، شکلی از پادشاهی مشروطه است که در آن، نقش پادشاه عمدتاً تشریفاتی و تمام اختیارات سلطنتی، توسط عرف و قانون تجویز می‌شود؛ به گونه ای که پادشاه، اختیار محدودی در مورد مسائل دولتی و قانون اساسی دارد.

جمهوری‌های دموکراتیک

Democratic republics are usually socialist states, although not all of them are necessarily socialist.

  • کره شمالی Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–present)
  • جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو Democratic Republic of the Congo (1966–1971, 1997–present)
  • سائوتومه و پرنسیپ Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–present)
  • تیمور شرقی Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (1975–present)
  • ویتنام شمالی Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1975)
  • صحرای غربی Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
  • سری‌لانکا Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (1978–present)
  • اتیوپی Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1991–present)
  • نپال Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–present)
  • آلمان شرقی German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)
  • لائوس Lao People's Democratic Republic (1975–present)
  • الجزایر People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (1962–present)
  • یمن جنوبی People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)

جمهوری‌های فدرال

Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government. Federal republics are not unitary states.

جمهوری‌های اسلامی

جمهوری‌هایی که بر پایه احکام اسلام اداره می‌شوند:

جمهوری‌های خلق

گفته می‌شود که جمهوری‌های خلق، توسط مردم اداره می‌شوند. این نام، اغلب (اما نه همیشه) توسط دولت‌های کمونیستی استفاده می‌شود.

جمهوری‌های خلق فعلی

جمهوری‌های خلق سابق

  • جمهوری فدرال سوسیالیستی یوگسلاوی Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1946–1963)
  • لیبی Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
  • مغولستان Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992)
  • یمن جنوبی People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1970)
  • آلبانی People's Republic of Albania (1946–1976)
  • آنگولا People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992)
  • بنین People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990)
  • بلغارستان People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
  • جمهوری کنگو People's Republic of the Congo (1970–1992)
  • مجارستان People's Republic of Hungary (1949–1989)
  • موزامبیک People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990)
  • لهستان People's Republic of Poland (1952–1989)
  • اتیوپی People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991)
  • رومانی Romanian People's Republic (1947–1965)

جمهوری‌های سوسیالیستی

These are republics that use the word "socialist" in their official name.

  • الگو:Country data Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990)
  • جمهوری سوسیالیستی آذربایجان شوروی Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991)
  • جمهوری سوسیالیستی بلاروس شوروی Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991)
  • جمهوری سوسیالیستی چکسلواکی Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990)
  • سری‌لانکا Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
  • لیبی Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
  • جمهوری فدرال سوسیالیستی یوگسلاوی Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)
  • آلبانی People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1976–1990)
  • رومانی Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989)
  • ویتنام Socialist Republic of Vietnam (since 1976)
  • جمهوری سوسیالیستی اوکراین شوروی Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
  • اتحاد جماهیر شوروی Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)

جمهوری‌های یکپارچه

Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature. Unitary states are not federations or confederations.

  • Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
  • Republic of Acre (1st: 1899–1900; 2nd: 1900; 3rd: 1903)
  • Republic of Albania (since 1946)
  • People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
  • Republic of Angola (since 1975)
  • Republic of Armenia (1st: 28 May 1918; Current: ۲۵ دسامبر ۱۹۹۱)
  • Republic of Azerbaijan (1st: 28 May 1918; re-established: ۱۸ اکتبر ۱۹۹۱)
  • People's Republic of Bangladesh
  • Barbados (since 3۰ نوامبر ۲۰۲۱)
  • Republic of Benin
  • Republic of Bophuthatswana (1977–1994)
  • Plurinational State of Bolivia
  • Republic of Botswana (since 1966)
  • Republic of Bulgaria (since 1946)
  •  بورکینافاسو
  • Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma)
  • Republic of Burundi (since 1966)
  • Republic of Cameroon
  • Republic of Cape Verde
  • Republic of Chad
  •  جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی (1958–1976; restored 1979)
  • Republic of Chile
  • People's Republic of China
  • Republic of China (Taiwan)
  • Republic of Ciskei (1981–1994)
  • Republic of Colombia (unitary republic since 1886)
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