貧
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 贫
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Han character
貧 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹金 (CSHC), four-corner 80806, composition ⿱分貝)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36677
- Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3628, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8CA7
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 貧 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 扮 | *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ |
| 盼 | *pʰrɯːns |
| 頒 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 朌 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 鳻 | *praːn, *bɯn |
| 份 | *prɯn, *bɯns |
| 汃 | *pʰreːd, *prɯn |
| 玢 | *prɯn |
| 邠 | *prɯn |
| 攽 | *prɯn |
| 砏 | *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn |
| 貧 | *brɯn |
| 湓 | *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns |
| 盆 | *bɯːn |
| 葐 | *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn |
| 坌 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 坋 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
| 分 | *pɯn, *bɯns |
| 吩 | *pɯn |
| 粉 | *pɯnʔ |
| 黺 | *pɯnʔ |
| 芬 | *pʰɯn |
| 紛 | *pʰɯn |
| 衯 | *pʰɯn |
| 棻 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 氛 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
| 雰 | *pʰɯn |
| 忿 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ |
| 魵 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 汾 | *bɯn |
| 羒 | *bɯn |
| 枌 | *bɯn |
| 棼 | *bɯn |
| 妢 | *bɯn |
| 梤 | *bɯn |
| 馚 | *bɯn |
| 鼢 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 蚡 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
| 弅 | *bɯnʔ |
| 秎 | *bɯns |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *brɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns, “divide”) + semantic 貝 (“money”) – to divide one's money.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-b(u/i)l (“poor”); cognate with Tibetan དབུལ (dbul, “poor”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pin2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): pin2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ping1
- Northern Min (KCR): běng
- Eastern Min (BUC): bìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bin2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pín
- Wade–Giles: pʻin2
- Yale: pín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyn
- Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pin2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pin
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pan4
- Yale: pàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: pan4
- Guangdong Romanization: pen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pin2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn
- Hakka Romanization System: pinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pin2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ping1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰiŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: běng
- Sinological IPA (key): /peiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pân
- Tâi-lô: pân
- Phofsit Daibuun: paan
- IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Yilan): /pan²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pan²³/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pûn
- Tâi-lô: pûn
- Phofsit Daibuun: puun
- IPA (Tainan): /pun²⁴/
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- pîn - literary;
- pân - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: bin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rə[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*brɯn/
Definitions
貧
- poor; impoverished; destitute
- 出自北門，憂心殷殷。終窶且貧，莫知我艱。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Chū zì běimén, yōuxīn yīnyīn. Zhōng jù qiě pín, mò zhī wǒ jiān. [Pinyin]
- I go out at the north gate, with my heart full of sorrow. Straitened am I and poor, and no one takes knowledge of my distress.
出自北门，忧心殷殷。终窭且贫，莫知我艰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of
Synonyms
- (poor):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Wanrong | 窮 | |
| Xi'an | 窮 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Hong Kong | 窮 | |
| Taishan | 窮 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Pingxiang | 窮 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 | |
| Hui'an | 窮赤 | |
| Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 | |
| Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 | |
| Raoping | 磽 | |
| Shantou | 窮, 磽 | |
| Jieyang | 窮, 磽 | |
| Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Suzhou | 窮 | |
| Danyang | 窮 | |
| Hangzhou | 窮 | |
| Jinhua | 倒灶 | |
- (to lack):
- 不夠 / 不够 (bùgòu)
- 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
- 不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
- 不足 (bùzú)
- 乏達 / 乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 匱乏 / 匮乏 (kuìfá)
- 欠 (qiàn)
- 欠缺 (qiànquē)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 絕乏 / 绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
- 缺乏 (quēfá)
- 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 虧 / 亏 (kuī)
- 闕乏 / 阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
- 闕如 / 阙如 (quērú) (literary)
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “poor”): 富 (fù)
Etymology 2
The same word as 頻／频 (pín, “frequent”) (Xu, 1990).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pín
- Wade–Giles: pʻin2
- Yale: pín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyn
- Palladius: пинь (pinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
貧
- (colloquial) garrulous; talkative
- 18th century, Cao Xueqin, chapter 75, in Dream of the Red Chamber:
- [寶玉] 因賈政在座自是踧踖不安，[桂花] 偏又在他手內，因想：說笑話，倘或說不好了，又說沒口才；若說好了，又說正經的不會只管油嘴貧舌，更有不是；不如不說的好。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- [Bǎoyù] yīn Jiǎ Zhèng zài zuò zì shì cùjí bù'ān, [guìhuā] piān yòu zài tā shǒu nèi, yīn xiǎng: shuō xiàohuà, tǎnghuò shuō bù hǎo le, yòu shuō méi kǒucái; ruò shuō hǎo le, yòu shuō zhèngjǐng de bù huì zhǐ guǎn yóu zuǐ pín shé, gèng yǒu bùshì; bù rú bù shuō de hǎo. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
[宝玉] 因贾政在座自是踧踖不安，[桂花] 偏又在他手内，因想：说笑话，倘或说不好了，又说没口才；若说好了，又说正经的不会只管油嘴贫舌，更有不是；不如不说的好。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
- 一貧如洗 / 一贫如洗 (yīpínrúxǐ)
- 七貧八富 / 七贫八富
- 下貧 / 下贫
- 不甘食貧 / 不甘食贫
- 人貧智短 / 人贫智短
- 倚富欺貧 / 倚富欺贫
- 劫富濟貧 / 劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)
- 原憲貧 / 原宪贫
- 嘴貧 / 嘴贫 (zuǐpín)
- 嫌貧愛富 / 嫌贫爱富
- 孤貧 / 孤贫
- 孤貧顛連 / 孤贫颠连
- 安富恤貧 / 安富恤贫
- 安貧 / 安贫
- 安貧守道 / 安贫守道
- 安貧樂賤 / 安贫乐贱
- 安貧樂道 / 安贫乐道 (ānpínlèdào)
- 守道安貧 / 守道安贫
- 家貧 / 家贫 (jiāpín)
- 家貧命苦 / 家贫命苦
- 家貧如洗 / 家贫如洗
- 家道貧寒 / 家道贫寒
- 富不如貧 / 富不如贫
- 居貧 / 居贫
- 幫貧 / 帮贫 (bāngpín)
- 恤老憐貧 / 恤老怜贫
- 恤貧 / 恤贫
- 惡性貧血 / 恶性贫血 (èxìng pínxuè)
- 惜老憐貧 / 惜老怜贫
- 愛富嫌貧 / 爱富嫌贫
- 愛老憐貧 / 爱老怜贫
- 憐貧恤老 / 怜贫恤老
- 憐貧恤苦 / 怜贫恤苦
- 憐貧惜老 / 怜贫惜老
- 憐貧敬老 / 怜贫敬老
- 振窮卹貧 / 振穷卹贫
- 振貧濟乏 / 振贫济乏
- 放富差貧 / 放富差贫
- 敬老恤貧 / 敬老恤贫
- 敬老憐貧 / 敬老怜贫
- 數貧嘴 / 数贫嘴
- 樂貧甘賤 / 乐贫甘贱
- 樂道安貧 / 乐道安贫
- 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín)
- 清貧如洗 / 清贫如洗
- 清貧寡欲 / 清贫寡欲
- 濟寒賑貧 / 济寒赈贫
- 濟苦憐貧 / 济苦怜贫
- 濟貧 / 济贫 (jìpín)
- 濟貧拔苦 / 济贫拔苦
- 甘貧守分 / 甘贫守分
- 甘貧守志 / 甘贫守志
- 甘貧守節 / 甘贫守节
- 甘貧樂道 / 甘贫乐道
- 療貧 / 疗贫
- 矜貧恤獨 / 矜贫恤独
- 矜貧救厄 / 矜贫救厄
- 耍貧嘴 / 耍贫嘴 (shuǎ pínzuǐ)
- 脫貧 / 脱贫 (tuōpín)
- 腦貧血 / 脑贫血
- 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧僧 / 贫僧 (pínsēng)
- 貧嘴 / 贫嘴 (pínzuǐ)
- 貧嘴惡舌 / 贫嘴恶舌
- 貧嘴薄舌 / 贫嘴薄舌
- 貧嘴賤舌 / 贫嘴贱舌
- 貧嘴餓舌 / 贫嘴饿舌
- 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧士 / 贫士
- 貧女分光 / 贫女分光
- 貧子 / 贫子
- 貧寒 / 贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧富不均 / 贫富不均
- 貧寒出身 / 贫寒出身
- 貧富差距 / 贫富差距 (pínfù chājù)
- 貧富懸殊 / 贫富悬殊 (pínfùxuánshū)
- 貧弱 / 贫弱 (pínruò)
- 貧惰 / 贫惰 (pîn-tōaⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 貧戶 / 贫户
- 貧民 / 贫民 (pínmín)
- 貧民住宅 / 贫民住宅
- 貧民區 / 贫民区 (pínmínqū)
- 貧民救助 / 贫民救助
- 貧民窟 / 贫民窟 (pínmínkū)
- 貧氣 / 贫气
- 貧無立錐 / 贫无立锥
- 貧病 / 贫病
- 貧病交攻 / 贫病交攻
- 貧病交迫 / 贫病交迫
- 貧瘠 / 贫瘠 (pínjí)
- 貧礦 / 贫矿
- 貧窮 / 贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧窮文化 / 贫穷文化
- 貧窶 / 贫窭
- 貧而樂道 / 贫而乐道
- 貧而無諂 / 贫而无谄
- 貧胎 / 贫胎
- 貧苦 / 贫苦 (pínkǔ)
- 貧血 / 贫血 (pínxuè)
- 貧血病 / 贫血病
- 貧賤 / 贫贱 (pínjiàn)
- 貧賤之交 / 贫贱之交
- 貧賤之知 / 贫贱之知
- 貧賤交 / 贫贱交
- 貧賤糟糠 / 贫贱糟糠
- 貧賤驕人 / 贫贱骄人
- 貧道 / 贫道 (píndào)
- 貧難 / 贫难
- 貧非病 / 贫非病
- 貧骨頭 / 贫骨头
- 賣富差貧 / 卖富差贫
- 赤貧 / 赤贫 (chìpín)
- 赤貧如洗 / 赤贫如洗
- 身貧如洗 / 身贫如洗
- 鍊貧 / 炼贫
- 饋貧糧 / 馈贫粮
Kanji
貧
Readings
Hanja
貧 (eumhun 가난할 빈 (gananhal bin))
Compounds
Han character
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