穴

See also: 六, 冘, and 宂

穴	U+7A74, 穴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A74

← 穳
[U+7A73]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穵 →
[U+7A75]

⽳	U+2F73, ⽳ KANGXI RADICAL CAVE

← ⽲
[U+2F72]

Kangxi Radicals

⽴ →
[U+2F74]

More information Stroke order ...

Stroke order

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Han character

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Radical 116 穴

穴 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十金 (JC), four-corner 3080₂, composition ⿱宀八)

Kangxi radical #116, ⽳.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/穴
𠱇, 坹, 𡯜, 岤, 㧒, 泬, 狖, 柼, 𡯠, 𦙮, 𥄴, 𥑫, 𮂾, 袕, 䋉, 𦥨, 𧉢, 䛎, 貁, 𫙕, 鴥(𫛣), 䴳, 𪕏
鴪, 帘, 𧉴, 𧦱, 𥧢, 屄, 茓, 𡢠, 𢱑, 攨, 㴏, 矈, 臱, 邃, 邉

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 862, character 20

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25406

Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 37

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 1

Unihan data for U+7A74

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More information trad., simp. # ...

trad.		穴
simp. ^#		穴
alternative forms		𠕉𥤢

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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 穴, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 穴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

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More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
泬	*qʰʷliːɡ
坹	qʰʷliːɡ, ɡʷliːɡ
穴	*ɡʷliːɡ
袕	ɡʷliːɡ, ɢʷjiɡ
鴪	*ɢʷiɡ

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Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Pictogram (象形) —possibly an entrance to a cave or a door flap. A conservative version is 𠕉. See also 奐.

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 穴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵¹/ /ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕye⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕye²¹³/ 新 /ɕie²¹³/ 舊
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyt̚²/
	Nanning	/yt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jyt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hiat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/huak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hit̚³/

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More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡決切
Baxter	hwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuet̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiwet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut⁶

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué
Middle Chinese	‹ hwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁi[t]/
English	cave, pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14092
Phonetic component	穴
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	穴
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷliːɡ/

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Mandarin
(Pinyin): xué, xuè

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hie̍t / hia̍t
Jin (Wiktionary): xueh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): hiē
Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeh⁷ / hyeh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hia̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): huag⁸ / huêg⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸yuq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xué
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syué
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²
  - Yale: sywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue
  - Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh⁴
  - Yale: sywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
  - Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶
  - Yale: yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hie̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hied
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯at̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xueh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕuəʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɛ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hyeh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyøʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛt̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huag⁸ / huêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/

Note:

huag8 - Shantou;
huêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸yuq
  - MiniDict: yuih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhyq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyɪʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: hwet

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷliːɡ/

Definitions

穴

Synonyms

(hole):

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴, 窿
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	洞
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	窟窿
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	窟窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Taishan	孔
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	空
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	川
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	空空
Southern Min	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Haifeng	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
	Singapore (Hainanese)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

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Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

(cave):

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山洞 (shāndòng)
山空 (Hokkien)
山窿 (saan¹ lung¹) (Cantonese, Hakka)
岩穴 (yánxué) (literary)
洞穴 (dòngxué)
洞空 (Hokkien)
洞窟 (dòngkū)
石窟 (shíkū)
磅空 ( Taiwanese Hakka)

Compounds

三兔穴
三穴
丙穴
丹穴
丹穴鳥／丹穴鸟
乳穴
井穴
仙穴
俞穴
僻穴
兩鼠鬥穴／两鼠斗穴
八會穴／八会穴
利穴
匪穴 (fěixué)
區穴／区穴
十鼠同穴
十鼠爭穴／十鼠争穴
同穴
吹蝕穴／吹蚀穴 (chuīshíxué)
啞穴／哑穴
回穴
土穴
地穴
堀穴
埽穴犁庭
墓穴 (mùxué)
壺穴／壶穴
壽穴／寿穴 (shòuxué)
太陽穴／太阳穴
孔穴 (kǒngxué)
寒穴
寢穴／寝穴
封穴
山穴
崖穴
巒穴／峦穴
巖居穴處／岩居穴处
巖棲穴處／岩栖穴处
巖穴／岩穴 (yánxué)
巖穴之士／岩穴之士
巢居穴處／巢居穴处
巢穴 (cháoxué)
庚穴
廟穴／庙穴
弊穴
復穴／复穴
戶穴／户穴
掃穴／扫穴
掘穴
掃穴犁庭／扫穴犁庭
探虎穴
曲穴
正穴
武穴 (Wǔxué)
汝穴風／汝穴风
泉穴
洞穴 (dòngxué)
滋穴
潛穴／潜穴
瀽穴
焚巢搗穴／焚巢捣穴
焚巢盪穴／焚巢荡穴
熏穴
爵穴
犁庭掃穴／犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
狐穴
狡兔三穴
狡穴
猿穴壞山／猿穴坏山
獸穴／兽穴 (shòuxué)
玉枕穴
瓊廚金穴／琼厨金穴
癸穴庚渦／癸穴庚涡
白蟻爭穴／白蚁争穴
百穴珠
盜穴／盗穴
石穴
礦穴／矿穴
祔穴
禁穴
禹穴
穢穴／秽穴
穴乳
穴井
穴人
穴位 (xuéwèi)
穴匈
穴土
穴地
穴垣
穴埳
穴壁
穴子
穴宅
穴室樞戶／穴室枢户
穴寶蓋兒／穴宝盖儿
穴居 (xuéjū)
穴居野處／穴居野处
穴岫
穴巢
穴師／穴师
穴施
穴流
穴灶
穴牆／穴墙
穴牖
穴矛
穴窅
穴窗
穴竄／穴窜
穴竅／穴窍
穴管
穴紙／穴纸
穴群
穴胃
穴胸
穴藏
穴處／穴处
穴處之徒／穴处之徒
穴處知雨／穴处知雨
穴蜜
穴蟻／穴蚁
穴見／穴见
穴見小儒／穴见小儒
穴託／穴托
穴診儀／穴诊仪
穴踵
穴道 (xuédào)
穴野
穴門／穴门
穴隙
穴頭／穴头
穴骼
穴鴞／穴鸮
穴鼻
空穴 (kǒngxué)
空穴來風／空穴来风 (kōngxuéláifēng)
穿穴
穿穴踰牆／穿穴逾墙
窖穴
窟穴
窠穴
竅穴／窍穴
管穴
結穴／结穴
經穴／经穴
罅穴
群居穴處／群居穴处
耳穴 (ěrxué)
背穴
腧穴 (shùxué)
臨穴／临穴
薰穴求君
虎穴 (hǔxué)
虎穴得子
虎穴龍潭／虎穴龙潭
蛟穴
蜂房蟻穴／蜂房蚁穴
蜂窠蟻穴／蜂窠蚁穴
蟻穴／蚁穴 (yǐxué)
蟻穴壞堤／蚁穴坏堤
蟻穴潰堤／蚁穴溃堤
蟻穴自封／蚁穴自封
補垣塞穴／补垣塞穴
複穴／复穴
貫穴／贯穴
貴穴／贵穴
賊穴／贼穴
走穴 (zǒuxué)
踰牆鑽穴／逾墙钻穴
蹶穴
迴穴／回穴
迸穴
通穴
逵穴
逾牆鑽穴／逾墙钻穴
郤穴
郝穴 (Hǎoxué)
郭家金穴
郭況穴／郭况穴
郭穴
鄧穴／邓穴
酉穴
金穴
針穴／针穴
銅山金穴／铜山金穴
銅穴／铜穴
鑽穴／钻穴
鑿穴／凿穴
鑽穴踰垣／钻穴逾垣
鑽穴踰墻／钻穴逾墙
鑽穴踰牆／钻穴逾墙
鑽穴踰隙／钻穴逾隙
阿是穴 (āshìxué)
陶穴
陰穴／阴穴
隙穴
隙穴之窺／隙穴之窥
雲穴／云穴
需沙出穴
鞏穴／巩穴
風穴／风穴 (fēngxué)
鬥穴／斗穴
鮒蟄之穴／鲋蛰之穴
鳥鼠同穴／鸟鼠同穴
鳳穴／凤穴
點穴／点穴 (diǎnxué)
黽穴鴝巢／黾穴鸲巢
鼠穴
鼷穴
龍潭虎穴／龙潭虎穴
龍穴／龙穴

References

(Southern Min) “Entry #1869”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
(Puxian Min) 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “穴”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 271.

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Shinjitai	穴
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]^[3]	穴󠄁 穴+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	穴󠄄 穴+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

穴

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

hole, opening

Readings

Go-on: げち (gechi)^{←げち (geti, historical)}^{←ぐゑち (gweti, ancient)}
Kan-on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)^{←けつ (ketu, historical)}^{←くゑつ (kwetu, ancient)}
Kun: あな (ana, 穴, Jōyō)
Nanori: これ (kore)、けな (kena)、しし (shishi)、な (na)

Compounds

穴(あな)窯(がま) (anagama)
穴(あな)蔵(ぐら) (anagura)
穴(あな)子(ご) (anago): conger eel
穴(あな)凹(ぼこ) (anaboko)
穴(けっ)骼(かく) (kekkaku)
穴(けっ)居(きょ) (kekkyo)
穴(けっ)竅(くつ) (kekkutsu)
穴(けっ)掘(くつ) (kekkutsu)
穴(けっ)窟(くつ) (kekkutsu)
穴(けつ)隙(げき) (ketsugeki)
穴(けっ)見(けん) (kekken)
穴(けっ)口(こう) (kekkō)
穴(けつ)竄(ざん) (ketsuzan)
穴(けつ)師(し) (ketsushi)
穴(けつ)室(しつ) (ketsushitsu)
穴(けっ)出(しゅつ) (kesshutsu)
穴(けっ)処(しょ) (kessho)
穴(けつ)人(じん) (ketsujin)
穴(けつ)穽(せい) (ketsusei)
穴(けっ)託(たく) (kettaku)
穴(けっ)地(ち) (ketchi)
穴(けつ)土(ど) (ketsudo)
穴(けつ)洞(どう) (ketsudō)
穴(けつ)道(どう) (ketsudō)
穴(けつ)鼻(び) (ketsubi)
穴(けつ)倮(ら) (ketsura)
岩(いわ)穴(あな) (iwāna)
回(かい)穴(けつ), 廻(かい)穴(けつ) (kaiketsu) (回(かい)泬(けつ))
崖(がい)穴(けつ) (gaiketsu)
空(から)穴(けつ) (karaketsu)
巌(がん)穴(けつ) (ganketsu)
蟻(ぎ)穴(けつ) (giketsu)
九(きゅう)穴(けつ) (kyūketsu)
灸(きゅう)穴(けつ) (kyūketsu)
竅(きょう)穴(けつ) (kyōketsu)
窟(くう)穴(けつ) (kūketsu)
経(けい)穴(けつ) (keiketsu)
虎(こ)穴(けつ) (koketsu)
獣(じゅう)穴(けつ) (jūketsu)
石(せっ)穴(けつ) (sekketsu)
丹(たん)穴(けつ) (tanketsu)
点(てん)穴(けつ) (tenketsu): pressure points
同(どう)穴(けつ) (dōketsu)
洞(どう)穴(けつ) (dōketsu)
風(ふう)穴(けつ) (fūketsu)
墓(ぼ)穴(けつ) (boketsu)
兪(ゆ)穴(けつ) (yuketsu)
六(ろっ)穴(けつ) (rokketsu): the six holes of the human body, which are the mouth, eyes, ears, nose, anus, and genitals

Etymology 1

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
穴
あな Grade: 6
kun'yomi

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More information Alternative spelling ...

Alternative spelling
孔

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From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ana.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) あな [ànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[5]^[6]
IPA^(key): [a̠na̠]

Noun

穴(あな) • (ana)

hole
靴(くつ)下(した)に穴(あな)が開(あ)いた。
Kutsushita ni ana ga aita.
My socks got a hole in them.
(literally, “A hole opened up in my socks.”)
opening, aperture
Synonym: 口 (kuchi)
pit
Synonym: 坑 (kō)
cave, cavern
Synonym: 洞 (hora)
lair, den, burrow
Synonym: 岩屋 (iwaya)
loss, deficit
Synonym: 損失 (sonshitsu)
flaw, defect
Synonym: 欠点 (ketten)

Etymology 2

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
穴
けつ Grade: 6
kan'on

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For pronunciation and definitions of 穴 – see the following entry.

【けつ】	[noun] (informal) ass; arse; buttocks [noun] (informal) last or hindermost part [noun] (informal) upcoming item on the schedule [noun] (informal) gay sex, sex between two men Alternative spelling 尻

(This term, 穴, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

[1]
白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “穴”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
[2]
Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1582 (paper), page 843 (digital)
[3]
Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 905 (paper), page 465 (digital)
[4]
“穴・孔”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
[5]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
[6]
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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