質

See also: 貭, and 质

質 U+8CEA, 質 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA ← 賩 [U+8CE9] CJK Unified Ideographs 賫 → [U+8CEB]

Translingual

Han character

質 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹中月山金 (HLBUC), four-corner 7280₆, composition ⿱斦貝)

Derived characters

• 儨, 𠘖, 𡂒(𫪪), 𡒻, 㜱, 𡦫, 懫, 㩫, 𤁩, 䑇, 櫍(𬃊), 𤢽, 瓆, 𪮽, 礩, 𬘋, 𧓳, 𬽟, 䜠, 𧸲, 躓(踬), 𨏑, 𨐿, 鑕(锧), 𩍵, 𩧄, 𩽄, 劕, 𨟊(𫟬)

Related characters

• 质 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
• Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8CEA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 質
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
質	*tids, *tjid
躓	*tids
懫	*tids, *tjid
礩	*tjids, *tjid
櫍	*tjid
劕	*tjid
鑕	*tjid

Characters in the same phonetic series (質) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

Etymology 1

trad.		質
simp.		质
alternative forms		貭 筫 𫎘 𧸲

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 質
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sət̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃït̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sit̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡si²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sioʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sit̚⁵/

Rime
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之日切
Baxter	tsyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyit ›
Old Chinese	/*t-lit/
English	substance, solid part
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
No.	17401
Phonetic component	質
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	質
Old Chinese	/*tjid/
Notes	金文本從折聲

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhì, zhí

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ, ㄓˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt
• Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chit

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziêh⁴ / zioh⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tseq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
    • Wade–Giles: chih²
    • Yale: jŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zat¹
    • Yale: jāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zeh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cid
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziêh⁴ / zioh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsieh / tsioh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieʔ²/, /t͡sioʔ²/

Note:

• ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
• zioh4 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyit

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-lit/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjid/

Definitions

質

1. matter; material; substance
2. nature; intrinsic quality; essence
3. quality
4. (Cantonese, literary, or in compounds) to query; to ask about
5. (literary, or in compounds) simple; plain
6. Alternative form of 櫍／𬃊 (zhì)

Synonyms

• (matter): 物質／物质 (wùzhì)
• (nature):

edit

• 實質／实质 (shízhì)
• 性質／性质 (xìngzhì)
• 本色
• 本質／本质 (běnzhì)
• 真態／真态 (zhēntài) (literary)
• 素質／素质 (sùzhì)

 

• (quality):

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		質, 品
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		品質, 成色, 質量
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	質量, 品質
	Taiwan	品質
	Singapore	品質
Cantonese	Hong Kong	質素, 品質

Dialectal synonyms of 質量 (“quality (opposite of quantity 數量)”) [map]

• (to query):

edit

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 咨問／咨问 (zīwèn) (literary)
• 問／问 (wèn)
• 問訊／问讯 (wènxùn)
• 問話／问话 (wènhuà) (of superiors or elders)
• 打聽／打听 (dǎtīng)
• 扣問／扣问 (kòuwèn) (literary)
• 探問／探问 (tànwèn)
• 探詢／探询 (tànxún)
• 查問／查问 (cháwèn)
• 查詢／查询 (cháxún)
• 訊問／讯问 (xùnwèn)
• 詢問／询问 (xúnwèn)
• 諮詢／谘询 (zīxún)

 

• (simple):

edit

• 古拙 (gǔzhuó)
• 古樸／古朴 (gǔpǔ)
• 樸實／朴实 (pǔshí)
• 樸素／朴素 (pǔsù)
• 樸質／朴质 (pǔzhì) (archaic)
• 素樸／素朴 (sùpǔ)
• 質樸／质朴 (zhìpǔ)
• 質素／质素 (zhìsù)

 

Compounds

• 中質原油／中质原油
• 互質／互质 (hùzhì)
• 介質／介质 (jièzhì)
• 介電質／介电质
• 優質／优质 (yōuzhì)
• 劣質／劣质 (lièzhì)
• 化學性質／化学性质 (huàxué xìngzhì)
• 區域變質／区域变质
• 原形質／原形质
• 原生質／原生质 (yuánshēngzhì)
• 原質／原质 (yuánzhì)
• 反物質／反物质 (fǎnwùzhì)
• 可孕物質／可孕物质
• 品質／品质 (pǐnzhì)
• 品質管制／品质管制
• 器質／器质 (qìzhì)
• 土質／土质 (tǔzhì)
• 土質液化／土质液化
• 地質／地质 (dìzhì)
• 地質學／地质学 (dìzhìxué)
• 地質活動／地质活动
• 大腦皮質／大脑皮质 (dànǎo pízhì)
• 大腦髓質／大脑髓质
• 天生麗質／天生丽质 (tiānshēnglìzhì)
• 姿質／姿质 (zīzhì)
• 媒質／媒质 (méizhì)
• 實質／实质 (shízhì)
• 實質利率／实质利率
• 實質所得／实质所得
• 實質違建／实质违建
• 對質／对质 (duìzhì)
• 引發物質／引发物质
• 形質／形质
• 彬彬文質／彬彬文质
• 待質／待质
• 性質／性质 (xìngzhì)
• 惡病質／恶病质 (èbìngzhì)
• 懷文抱質／怀文抱质
• 懷質抱真／怀质抱真
• 文化特質／文化特质
• 文質／文质
• 文質彬彬／文质彬彬 (wénzhìbīnbīn)
• 星際物質／星际物质
• 有機質／有机质 (yǒujīzhì)
• 木質／木质 (mùzhì)
• 木質莖／木质茎
• 木質部／木质部 (mùzhìbù)
• 本質／本质 (běnzhì)
• 材質／材质 (cáizhì)
• 樸質／朴质 (pǔzhì)
• 樸質無華／朴质无华
• 氣質／气质 (qìzhì)
• 水質／水质 (shuǐzhì)
• 流質／流质 (liúzhì)
• 海洋地質／海洋地质
• 溶質／溶质 (róngzhì)
• 濁質凡姿／浊质凡姿
• 灰質／灰质 (huīzhì)
• 牙質／牙质
• 牙釉質／牙釉质
• 物理性質／物理性质
• 物質／物质 (wùzhì)
• 物質三態／物质三态
• 物質建設／物质建设
• 物質文明／物质文明 (wùzhì wénmíng)
• 物質生活／物质生活 (wùzhì shēnghuó)
• 特質／特质 (tèzhì)
• 玉質金相／玉质金相
• 琺瑯質／珐琅质 (fàlángzhì)
• 瑋質／玮质
• 瓊林玉質／琼林玉质
• 生活品質／生活品质
• 異質／异质 (yìzhì)
• 當面對質／当面对质
• 白質／白质 (báizhì)
• 皮質／皮质 (pízhì)
• 皮質素／皮质素 (pízhìsù)
• 石灰質／石灰质
• 矽質岩／矽质岩
• 砂質／砂质
• 硬質合金／硬质合金
• 磷脂質／磷脂质
• 礦物質／矿物质 (kuàngwùzhì)
• 神經質／神经质 (shénjīngzhì)
• 純物質／纯物质
• 素質／素质 (sùzhì)
• 純質／纯质
• 細胞質／细胞质 (xìbāozhì)
• 絲質／丝质 (sīzhì)
• 纖纖弱質／纤纤弱质
• 羊質虎皮／羊质虎皮
• 美質／美质
• 考古質疑／考古质疑
• 腐植質／腐植质
• 腐殖質／腐殖质 (fǔzhízhì)
• 良質／良质
• 良質米／良质米
• 良質美手／良质美手
• 色質細胞／色质细胞
• 茶質／茶质
• 草質莖／草质茎 (cǎozhìjīng)
• 菌質／菌质
• 蕙心紈質／蕙心纨质
• 蕙心蘭質／蕙心兰质
• 蕙質／蕙质
• 蕙質蘭心／蕙质兰心
• 蘭蕙質／兰蕙质
• 虎皮羊質／虎皮羊质
• 蛋白質／蛋白质 (dànbáizhì)
• 角質層／角质层 (jiǎozhìcéng)
• 變質／变质 (biànzhì)
• 象牙質／象牙质 (xiàngyázhì)
• 資質／资质 (zīzhì)
• 質問／质问 (zhìwèn)
• 質因數／质因数 (zhìyīnshù)
• 質地／质地 (zhìdì)
• 質子／质子 (zhìzǐ)
• 質實／质实
• 質對／质对 (zhìduì)
• 質感／质感 (zhìgǎn)
• 質成／质成
• 質數／质数 (zhìshù)
• 質料／质料 (zhìliào)
• 質明／质明
• 質朴 (zhìpǔ)
• 質樸／质朴 (zhìpǔ)
• 質疑／质疑 (zhìyí)
• 質疑問難／质疑问难
• 質的／质的 (zhìdì)
• 質直／质直
• 質直渾厚／质直浑厚
• 質而不俚／质而不俚
• 質言／质言 (zhìyán)
• 質詢／质询 (zhìxún)
• 質證／质证 (zhìzhèng)
• 質變／质变 (zhìbiàn)
• 質讓／质让
• 質責／质责
• 質量／质量
• 質量數／质量数 (zhìliàngshù)
• 質點／质点 (zhìdiǎn)
• 重質原油／重质原油
• 金相玉質／金相玉质
• 金質／金质 (jīnzhì)
• 鈣質／钙质 (gàizhì)
• 銀質沉著／银质沉著
• 鐵質／铁质 (tiězhì)
• 閨中妙質／闺中妙质
• 雜質／杂质 (zázhì)
• 電解質／电解质 (diànjiězhì)
• 面質／面质
• 音質／音质 (yīnzhì)
• 骨質／骨质 (gǔzhì)
• 體質／体质 (tǐzhì)
• 鬼質／鬼质
• 魚質龍文／鱼质龙文
• 麗質／丽质 (lìzhì)
• 麗質天生／丽质天生
• 黏質／黏质
• 齒質／齿质

 

Etymology 2

trad.		質
simp.		质
alternative forms		貭 筫 𫎘 𧸲

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟利切
Baxter	trijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjiH/
Li Rong	/ȶjiH/
Wang Li	/ȶiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]<r>ip-s/
English	hostage; gift
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
No.	17397
Phonetic component	質
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	致
Old Chinese	/*tids/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt / chṳ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chì / chit

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi³
    • Yale: ji
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt / chṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziid^ˋ / zii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵ / zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/, /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì / chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsì / tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cix, cid
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹/, /t͡sit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/

Note:

• chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
• chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.

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• Middle Chinese: trijH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]<r>ip-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tids/

Definitions

質

1. to pawn
2. collateral; security; object or person given as a pledge

   人質／人质  ―  rénzhì  ―  hostage

3. Alternative form of 贄／贽 (zhì, “gifts to superiors”)
4. a surname: Zhi

Compounds

• 交質／交质
• 人質／人质 (rénzhì)
• 典質／典质
• 委質／委质 (wěizhì)
• 斧質／斧质
• 椹質／椹质
• 設定質權／设定质权
• 質劑／质剂
• 質妻鬻子／质妻鬻子
• 質屋／质屋
• 質庫／质库 (zhìkù)
• 質押／质押 (zhìyā)
• 質權／质权 (zhìquán)
• 質當／质当 (zhìdàng)
• 鈇質／𫓧质

 

Etymology 3

trad.		質
simp.		质
alternative forms		枳

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zat¹

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zat¹
    • Yale: jāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚⁵/

Definitions

質

1. (Cantonese) to stuff; to shove

Synonyms

• 扤, 塞

Related terms

• 密質質／密质质 (mat⁶ zat¹ zat¹), 屈質／屈质 (wat¹ zat¹)

References

• “質”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03970

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 質

質

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. content
2. characteristic
3. natural appearance
4. confirm
5. mortgage
6. (financial, archaic, rare) seven

Readings

• Go-on: しち (shichi, Jōyō)、ち (chi, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)、ち (chi, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: もと (moto, 質)、たち (tachi, 質)、ただす (tadasu, 質す)、しろ (shiro)
• Nanori: かた (kata)、さだ (sada)、さだむ (sadamu)、すなお (sunao)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、ただす (tadasu)、み (mi)、もと (moto)

Alternative forms

• 貭 (variant)

Compounds

• 質(しつ)疑(ぎ) (shitsugi)
• 質実(しつじつ) (shitsujitsu)
• 質性(しつせい) (shitsusei)
• 質(しっ)素(そ) (shisso)
• 質朴(しんぼく) (shinboku)
• 質問(しつもん) (shitsumon)
• 質(しつ)量(りょう) (shitsuryō)
• 原形質(げんけいしつ) (genkeishitsu): protoplasm

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
質
しつ Grade: 5
kan'on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しつ [shìtsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɕit͡sɨ]

Noun

質(しつ) • (shitsu) 

1. quality

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
質
しち Grade: 5
goon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しち [shìchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɕit͡ɕi]

Noun

質(しち) • (shichi) 

1. pawn

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
質
たち Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 質 – see the following entry.

【たち】 [noun] nature (of a person or an illness)

(This term, 質, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 質 (MC tsyit).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 지ᇙ〮 (Yale: cílq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 질 (cil)^訓 (Yale: cil) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [질]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

質

Wikisource 質 (eumhun 바탕 질 (batang jil))

1. hanja form^? of 질 (“matter”)
2. hanja form^? of 질 (“nature; disposition”)
3. hanja form^? of 질 (“quality”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 수질 (水質, sujil)
• 질의 (質疑, jirui)
• 질책 (質責, jilchaek)
• 질감 (質感, jilgam)
• 질량 (質量, jillyang)
• 질권 (質權, jilgwon)
• 본질 (本質, bonjil)
• 성질 (性質, seongjil)
• 물질 (物質, muljil)
• 품질 (品質, pumjil)
• 언질 (言質, eonjil)
• 균질 (均質, gyunjil)
• 기질 (氣質, gijil)
• 재질 (材質, jaejil)
• 양질 (良質, yangjil)
• 저질 (低質, jeojil)
• 실질 (實質, siljil)
• 변질 (變質, byeonjil)
• 체질 (體質, chejil)
• 소질 (素質, sojil)
• 질문 (質問, jilmun, “question”)

Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 質 (MC tsyit). The original reading is 지 (ji) based on Middle Chinese 質 (MC trijH, “hostage”).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 딩〮 (Yale: tí) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [질]

Hanja

質 (eumhun 볼모 질 (bolmo jil))

1. hanja form^? of 질 (“hostage”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 인질 (人質, injil, “hostage”)

Etymology 3

Related to Middle Chinese 贄 (MC tsyijH).

Hanja

質 (eumhun 폐백(幣帛) 지)

1. Alternative form of 贄 (“hanja form^? of 지 (“gift”)”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

質: Hán Nôm readings: chất, chát, chắc, chặt, chắt, chớt

1. question, investigate
2. mortgage
3. manner, essence