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末

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 夫, 禾, 天, 未, 夭, and 木
末 U+672B, 末
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672B
← 未
[U+672A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 本 →
[U+672C]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
5 strokes
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Han character

末 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木十 (DJ), four-corner 50900, composition ⿻一木)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14420
  • Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1150, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+672B

Chinese

More information simp. and trad. ...
simp. and trad.
 末
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 末, Western Zhou ...
Historical forms of the character 末
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
眛 *maːds, *mɯːds
沬 *maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
佅 *mraːds
韎 *mreːds, *maːd
帓 *mraːd
粖 *meːd, *maːd
末 *maːd
昩 *maːd
秣 *maːd
靺 *maːd
眜 *maːd
抹 *maːd
妺 *maːd
怽 *maːd
沫 *maːd
袜 *maːd
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Characters in the same phonetic series (末) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Ideogram (指事): a tree (木) with its top highlighted with an extra stroke, implying the meaning of “apex”; contrast 本, 朱.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 末
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/ ～尾
/mə⁴⁴²/ ～～子
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /mat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /buat̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muaʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /muɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /muak̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /muak̚⁵/
/muak̚³/
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More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 末
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 末 (64)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫撥切
Baxter mat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /muɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /muɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mwat̚/
Li
Rong		 /muɑt̚/
Wang
Li		 /muɑt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /muɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 mut6
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 末
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mat ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˁat/
English end of a branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 末
Reading # 1/1
No. 9223
Phonetic
component		 末
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 末
Old
Chinese		 /*maːd/
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Note:
  • pue2 - vernacular;
  • buah7/buoh7 - literary.
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

末

  1. tip; treetop
    末梢  ―  mòshāo  ―  tip; end
  2. (by extension) effect; result
    本末  ―  běnmò  ―  cause and effect
  3. late or the last stage; conclusion; close
    Antonyms: 首 (shǒu), 初 (chū), 始 (shǐ)
    月末  ―  yuèmò  ―  month-end
    明末清初  ―  Míng mò Qīng chū  ―  late-Ming and early-Qing era
    文末提到  ―  wén mò tídào  ―  Toward the end of the article, it was mentioned…
  4. final; the last; concluding; closing; terminal
    Antonyms: 首 (shǒu), 初 (chū), 始 (shǐ)
    末代  ―  mòdài  ―  the last (in one's lineage)
    末日  ―  mòrì  ―  doomsday; apocalypse
    末法時期／末法时期  ―  mò fǎ shíqī  ―  Dharma-ending age
  5. insignificant; trivial; inferior; low-priority; low-class
    捨本逐末／舍本逐末  ―  shěběnzhúmò  ―  pursuing the unimportant while neglecting the essential
  6. powder; fine particulate matter
    粉末  ―  fěnmò  ―  powder
  7. (literary, dated) not; none; no (negative indicator)
    Synonyms: 未 (wèi), 莫, 無 / 无
  8. mo (a category of male roles in traditional Chinese theatre and opera)

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation 1

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 末
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/ ～尾
/mə⁴⁴²/ ～～子
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /mat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /buat̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muaʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /muɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /muak̚⁵/
/buaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /muak̚⁵/
/muak̚³/
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  • Dialectal data
Definitions

末

  1. Same as 麼／么 (me).

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

末 (Northern Wu)

  1. Used to mark a conditional subordinate clause.
    要是儂一家頭拿勿到末，叫個人來幫忙。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    要是侬一家头拿勿到末，叫个人来帮忙。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    5iau-zy 6non 7iq-ka-deu 6nau-veq-tau-meq 5ciau-gheq 6gnin 6le 1paon-maon [Wugniu]
    If you can’t carry it on your own, ask for someone to help.
    儂勿去蘇州末，要告訴我一聲。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    侬勿去苏州末，要告诉我一声。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 309
    6non 8veq-chi 1su-tseu-meq 5iau 5kau-su 6ngu 7iq-san [Wugniu]
    If you're not going to Suzhou, let me know.
  2. Used to mark the topic in a topic-comment construction.
    新衣裳末，我已經買了兩件。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    新衣裳末，我已经买了两件。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 309
    1shi-i-zaon-meq 6ngu 5i-cin 6ma-leq 6lian-ci [Wugniu]
    As for the new clothes, I've already bought two of them.

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