指導

See also: 指导

Chinese

		finger; to point; to direct finger; to point; to direct; to indicate	to transmit; to lead; to guide to transmit; to lead; to guide; to conduct; to direct
trad. (指導)		指	導
simp. (指导)		指	导

Etymology

Attested earliest in a memorial submitted to Emperor Xuan of Han by Lu Wenshu, then quoted in Xun Yue's 《前漢紀》 (Annals of the Former Han) (translation from Friedman, 2023^[1]):

• 捶楚之下，何求⽽不得。故囚⼈不勝痛，則飾辭以示⼈。吏治者利其然，則指導以明之；…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]

  ---

  捶楚之下，何求⽽不得。故囚⼈不胜痛，则饰辞以示⼈。吏治者利其然，则指导以明之；…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]

  From: 73 BCE, Lu Wenshu (路溫舒), memorial submitted to Emperor Xuan of Han (漢宣帝); quoted in late 2nd - early 3rd century CE 《前漢紀》 (Annals of the Former Han) by 荀悅 (Xun Yue)

  Chuíchǔ zhī xià, hé qiú ér bùdé. Gù qiúrén bù shèng tòng, zé shìcí yǐ shì rén. Lìzhì zhě lì qí rán, zé zhǐdǎo yǐ míng zhī;...... [Pinyin]

  Under blows of the switch, anything sought will be found. So when those in prison cannot bear the pain, then they embellish the confessions that will be made public. Officials in charge of cases profit from this fact, and thus lead prisoners on to make their statements clear. [...]

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǐdǎo

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ ㄉㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi² dou⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́-thô
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chí-tō͘ / chí-tō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zi² dao⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐdǎo [Phonetic: zhídǎo]
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˇ ㄉㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐhdǎo
    • Wade–Giles: chih³-tao³
    • Yale: jř-dǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyydao
    • Palladius: чжидао (čžidao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi² dou⁶
    • Yale: jí douh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² dou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji² dou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ tou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́-thô
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˋ to^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi³ to¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹ tʰo²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsí-tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cy'do
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí-tō
    • Tâi-lô: tsí-tō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cy'doi
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zi² dao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí tău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ tau³⁵/

Verb

指導

1. to guide; to give direction; to steer; to instruct; to coach

   指導思想／指导思想  ―  zhǐdǎo sīxiǎng  ―  guiding ideology; guiding principles

   就業指導／就业指导  ―  jiùyè zhǐdǎo  ―  careers guidance

   指導委員會／指导委员会  ―  zhǐdǎo wěiyuánhuì  ―  steering committee

   在藥師指導下／在药师指导下  ―  zài yàoshī zhǐdǎo xià  ―  under the instruction of a pharmacist

   請您過目一下，提出指導意見。 [MSC, trad.]
   请您过目一下，提出指导意见。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng nín guòmù yīxià, tíchū zhǐdǎo yìjiàn. [Pinyin]

   Please go over it and provide some guidance.

   該組織已經出臺了相關的指導文件。 [MSC, trad.]
   该组织已经出台了相关的指导文件。 [MSC, simp.]

   Gāi zǔzhī yǐjīng chūtái le xiāngguān de zhǐdǎo wénjiàn. [Pinyin]

   The organization has issued relevant guidelines.

Synonyms

edit

• 主導 / 主导 (zhǔdǎo)
• 嚮導 / 向导 (xiàngdǎo)
• 帶等 / 带等 (Taiwanese Hakka)
• 帶緊 / 带紧 (Zhao'an Hakka)
• 帶領 / 带领 (dàilǐng)
• 引入 (yǐnrù)
• 引向 (yǐnxiàng)
• 引導 / 引导 (yǐndǎo)
• 引𤆬 (Hokkien)
• 引領 / 引领 (yǐnlǐng)
• 指引 (zhǐyǐn)
• 指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
• 指揮 / 指挥 (zhǐhuī)
• 指示 (zhǐshì)
• 指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
• 率領 / 率领 (shuàilǐng)
• 疏導 / 疏导 (shūdǎo) (through persuasion)
• 統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
• 統率 / 统率 (tǒngshuài)
• 統領 / 统领 (tǒnglǐng)
• 董督 (dǒngdū) (literary)
• 誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
• 誘導 / 诱导 (yòudǎo)
• 領導 / 领导 (lǐngdǎo)
• 點厾 / 点厾 (Hokkien)
• 點撥 / 点拨 (diǎnbō) (informal)

Derived terms

• 指導員 / 指导员 (zhǐdǎoyuán)
• 指導性 / 指导性 (zhǐdǎoxìng)
• 指導者 / 指导者
• 指導部 / 指导部

Related terms

• 輔導／辅导 (fǔdǎo)

Noun

指導

1. instructor; coach; trainer

Synonyms

• 教練員／教练员 (jiàoliànyuán)

References

1. Friedman, Daniel Butler (2023) ‘Discarding That, Adopting This’ 去彼取此: The Northern Wei and Stories of Chinese Legal History (PhD)‎, w:University of California, Berkeley, page 118

Japanese

Kanji in this term
指	導
し Grade: 3	どう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しどー [shìdóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɕido̞ː]

Noun

指(し)導(どう) • (shidō) ^{←しだう (sidau)?}

1. guidance; leadership

Derived terms

• 指導案
• 指導碁
• 指導者
• 指導力

Verb

指(し)導(どう)する • (shidō suru) ^{←しだう (sidau)?}transitive suru (stem 指(し)導(どう)し (shidō shi), past 指(し)導(どう)した (shidō shita))

1. to guide; to lead

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	指導し	しどうし	shidō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	指導し	しどうし	shidō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	指導する	しどうする	shidō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	指導する	しどうする	shidō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	指導すれ	しどうすれ	shidō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	指導せよ¹ 指導しろ²	しどうせよ¹ しどうしろ²	shidō seyo¹ shidō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	指導される	しどうされる	shidō sareru
Causative	指導させる 指導さす	しどうさせる しどうさす	shidō saseru shidō sasu
Potential	指導できる	しどうできる	shidō dekiru
Volitional	指導しよう	しどうしよう	shidō shiyō
Negative	指導しない	しどうしない	shidō shinai
Negative continuative	指導せず	しどうせず	shidō sezu
Formal	指導します	しどうします	shidō shimasu
Perfective	指導した	しどうした	shidō shita
Conjunctive	指導して	しどうして	shidō shite
Hypothetical conditional	指導すれば	しどうすれば	shidō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "指導する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
指	導

Noun

指導 • (jido) (hangeul 지도)

1. hanja form^? of 지도 (“guidance”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
指	導

Verb

指導

1. chữ Hán form of chỉ đạo (“to guide”).