ـی
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Suffix
ـی (-î)
- Arabic spelling of -î
Suffix
ـی • (-ı, -i, -u, -ü)
- 3rd-person possessive suffix
- قیامت كونی
- kıyamet günü
- judgement day
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian Y (ī), from Proto-Iranian *Hyáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *yós (relative pronoun).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [.ji]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [.je]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [.ji]
Particle
ـی • (-yi / -ye)
- The grammatical particle ezafe.
Usage notes
Written after words ending in the vowels ـه (-e), ـا (-â), or ـو (-u, -o).
Etymology 2
From Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/), itself from Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-ikah) (see there for further origin). Cognates include Northern Kurdish -î, Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y. There is no evidence to support a relation with the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) which however does merge with this suffix exclusively in some Arabic loanwords. See ـه (-e) for another instance where the 'g' phoneme is removed from the end of the Middle Persian suffix in its New Persian form. For a few examples in which the final 'g' phoneme in the Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/) suffix is not lost during the transition from Middle to New Persian, and instead transformed to a 'k' phoneme, refer to تاریک (tārīk, “dark”), باریک (bārīk, “thin, narrow, delicate”), تازیک (tāzīk, “Arab”) and نزدیک (nazdīk, “near”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [.(j)iː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [.(j)iː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [.(j)i]
Suffix
ـی • (-ī / -i)
- Forms nouns or adjectives from nouns.
- of or pertaining to
- one from or belonging to
- forms the word for a profession, and the place it is practiced, from the word for the person who practice it
- able to, capable of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to
- forms surnames
Usage notes
ـی is the form that follows words ending in consonants. Adjectives ending in the short vowel ـه (-e) will use the form ـگی (-egī) for their derived nouns, while nouns ending in ـه (-e) will usually add the non-joining ای (-ī) to form their derived adjectives. Both nouns and adjectives ending in the long vowels ـا (-â) and ـو (-u) will use the form یی (-ī)
As a derivational suffix, ـی and the above-mentioned alternative forms take the stress in a word, as in خورشیدی (xoršīdī, “solar”). As the marked indefinite or relative definite suffix, the stress remains on the root of the word, as in خورشیدی (xoršīdī, “a sun / the sun which”)
Most Persian surnames end in this suffix.
Derived terms
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1986). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. OUP. p. 45.
Etymology 3
From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [.ʔiː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [.ʔiː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [.ʔi]
Suffix
ـی • (-ī / -i)
- Forms abstract nouns from adjectives.
Descendants
Etymology 4
From Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /ē(w)/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /aiva/), Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Compare Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [.(j)eː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [.(j)iː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [.(j)e]
Suffix
ـی • (-ē / -i)
- a, one; marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language
- Synonym: (colloquial) یه (ye)
- marks a noun phrase attributed by a subordinate clause as restrictive
- ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg-ast.
- The building where Ali lives is big.
- Contrast with:
- آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg-ast.
- That building, where Ali lives, is big.
Usage notes
This suffix is attached as a suffix to a noun in a sentence and acts as the indefinite object marker. most words use the joining ـی (-ī), unless the word ends in long vowels such as ـا (-â) or ـو (-u) or a non-joining consonant such as the final ه (-h) in خانه (xâne). For instance, “a dog” would be سگی (sag-ī), but “houses” would be خانههایی (xâne-hâ-ī), "a pumpkin" would be کدویی (kadu-ī) and “a house” would be خانهای (xâne-ī).
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, diminutive suffix) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya, adjectival suffix). Later influenced by Persian ـی (-i).
Suffix
Etymology 2
Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, doer, possessor).
Suffix
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).
Suffix
Derived terms
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