kjósa

See also: kjosa

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse kjósa, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃʰɔuːsa/
• Rhymes: -ɔuːsa

Verb

kjósa (third person singular past indicative keys, third person plural past indicative kusu, supine kosið)

1. to choose

Conjugation

Conjugation of kjósa (group v-39s)

infinitive	kjósa
supine	kosið
	present	past
first singular	kjósi	keys
second singular	kýsur	keyst
third singular	kýsur	keys
plural	kjósa	kusu
participle (a27)1	kjósandi	kosin
	imperative
singular	kjós!
plural	kjósið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Synonyms

• kjøra
• greiða atkvøðu
• velja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kjósa, from Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈcʰouːsa/
• Rhymes: -ouːsa

Verb

kjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kaus, third-person plural past indicative kusu, supine kosið)

1. to vote [intransitive or with accusative ‘for someone’]

   Synonym: greiða atkvæði

   Ég kaus þann sem tapaði.

   I voted for the one who lost.

2. to elect
3. to choose, to select

   Synonym: velja

4. to prefer

Conjugation

Note: Remnants of earlier forms still exist: past kjöri (occasional modern use), past plural kuru or kjöru (now obsolete), past participle kjörinn (fairly common).

kjósa – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að kjósa
supine sagnbót		kosið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		kjósandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	kýs	kaus		kjósi	kysi
	þú	kýst	kaust		kjósir	kysir
	hann, hún, það	kýs	kaus		kjósi	kysi
plural	við	kjósum	kusum		kjósum	kysum
	þið	kjósið	kusuð		kjósið	kysuð
	þeir, þær, þau	kjósa	kusu		kjósi	kysu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	kjós (þú), kjóstu
plural	þið	kjósið (þið), kjósiði1

kjósast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að kjósast
supine sagnbót		kosist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		kjósandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	kýst	kaust		kjósist	kysist
	þú	kýst	kaust		kjósist	kysist
	hann, hún, það	kýst	kaust		kjósist	kysist
plural	við	kjósumst	kusumst		kjósumst	kysumst
	þið	kjósist	kusust		kjósist	kysust
	þeir, þær, þau	kjósast	kusust		kjósist	kysust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	kjóst (þú), kjóstu
plural	þið	kjósist (þið), kjósisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kosinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kosinn	kosin	kosið	kosnir	kosnar	kosin
accusative (þolfall)	kosinn	kosna	kosið	kosna	kosnar	kosin
dative (þágufall)	kosnum	kosinni	kosnu	kosnum	kosnum	kosnum
genitive (eignarfall)	kosins	kosinnar	kosins	kosinna	kosinna	kosinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kosni	kosna	kosna	kosnu	kosnu	kosnu
accusative (þolfall)	kosna	kosnu	kosna	kosnu	kosnu	kosnu
dative (þágufall)	kosna	kosnu	kosna	kosnu	kosnu	kosnu
genitive (eignarfall)	kosna	kosnu	kosna	kosnu	kosnu	kosnu

Derived terms

• kjör
• kosning
• valkyrja, “slain-chooser”, valkyrie

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *keusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews-.

Compare Old English ċēosan (English choose), Old Frisian kiāsa (West Frisian kieze), Old Saxon kiosan (Low German kesen), Dutch kiezen, Old High German kiosan, chiosan (German kiesen), Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan).

Verb

kjósa

1. (transitive) to choose
2. to desire, wish
3. to elect

   kjósa biskup

   to elect a bishop

4. (with prepositions) to select

Conjugation

Alternatively, in the Old Icelandic dialect, this verb can receive a weak inflection pattern in its past tenses. See also frjósa for this.

Conjugation of kjósa — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	kjósa
present participle	kjósandi
past participle	kosinn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kýs	kaus		kjósa	kysa
2nd person singular	kýss	kaust		kjósir	kysir
3rd person singular	kýss	kaus		kjósi	kysi
1st person plural	kjósum	kusum		kjósim	kysim
2nd person plural	kjósið	kusuð		kjósið	kysið
3rd person plural	kjósa	kusu		kjósi	kysi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kjós
1st person plural	kjósum
2nd person plural	kjósið

Conjugation of kjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	kjósask
present participle	kjósandisk
past participle	kosizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kjósumk	kusumk		kjósumk	kysumk
2nd person singular	kjósk	kausk		kjósisk	kysisk
3rd person singular	kjósk	kausk		kjósisk	kysisk
1st person plural	kjósumsk	kusumsk		kjósimsk	kysimsk
2nd person plural	kjósizk	kusuzk		kjósizk	kysizk
3rd person plural	kjósask	kususk		kjósisk	kysisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kjósk
1st person plural	kjósumsk
2nd person plural	kjósizk

Conjugation of kjósa — active (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	kjósa
present participle	kjósandi
past participle	kørinn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kýs	køra		kjósa	køra
2nd person singular	kýss	kørir		kjósir	kørir
3rd person singular	kýss	køri		kjósi	køri
1st person plural	kjósum	kørum		kjósim	kørim
2nd person plural	kjósið	køruð		kjósið	kørið
3rd person plural	kjósa	køru		kjósi	køri
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kjós
1st person plural	kjósum
2nd person plural	kjósið

Conjugation of kjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	kjósask
present participle	kjósandisk
past participle	kørizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kjósumk	kørumk		kjósumk	kørumk
2nd person singular	kýsk	kørisk		kjósisk	kørisk
3rd person singular	kýsk	kørisk		kjósisk	kørisk
1st person plural	kjósumsk	kørumsk		kjósimsk	kørimsk
2nd person plural	kjósizk	køruzk		kjósizk	kørizk
3rd person plural	kjósask	kørusk		kjósisk	kørisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kjósk
1st person plural	kjósumsk
2nd person plural	kjósizk

Related terms

• kjǫr n, kør n (“choice, decision, election”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: kjósa
• Faroese: kjósa
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kjosa, kjose
• Old Swedish: kiūsa
  • Swedish: tjusa
• Danish: kyse

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kjósa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive