kaivaa
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Proto-Finnic *kaivadak, from Proto-Uralic *kajwa-.[1] Related to Moksha кайме (kajme, “shovel”) and Erzya койме (kojme, “shovel”).
kaivaa
Inflection of kaivaa (Kotus type 56/kaivaa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaivan | en kaiva | 1st sing. | olen kaivanut | en ole kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaivat | et kaiva | 2nd sing. | olet kaivanut | et ole kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivaa | ei kaiva | 3rd sing. | on kaivanut | ei ole kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivamme | emme kaiva | 1st plur. | olemme kaivaneet | emme ole kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivatte | ette kaiva | 2nd plur. | olette kaivaneet | ette ole kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivavat | eivät kaiva | 3rd plur. | ovat kaivaneet | eivät ole kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivetaan | ei kaiveta | passive | on kaivettu | ei ole kaivettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaivoin | en kaivanut | 1st sing. | olin kaivanut | en ollut kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaivoit | et kaivanut | 2nd sing. | olit kaivanut | et ollut kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivoi | ei kaivanut | 3rd sing. | oli kaivanut | ei ollut kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivoimme | emme kaivaneet | 1st plur. | olimme kaivaneet | emme olleet kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivoitte | ette kaivaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kaivaneet | ette olleet kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivoivat | eivät kaivaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kaivaneet | eivät olleet kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivettiin | ei kaivettu | passive | oli kaivettu | ei ollut kaivettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaivaisin | en kaivaisi | 1st sing. | olisin kaivanut | en olisi kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaivaisit | et kaivaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kaivanut | et olisi kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivaisi | ei kaivaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kaivanut | ei olisi kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivaisimme | emme kaivaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kaivaneet | emme olisi kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivaisitte | ette kaivaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kaivaneet | ette olisi kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivaisivat | eivät kaivaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kaivaneet | eivät olisi kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivettaisiin | ei kaivettaisi | passive | olisi kaivettu | ei olisi kaivettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaiva | älä kaiva | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivakoon | älköön kaivako | 3rd sing. | olkoon kaivanut | älköön olko kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivakaamme | älkäämme kaivako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivakaa | älkää kaivako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivakoot | älkööt kaivako | 3rd plur. | olkoot kaivaneet | älkööt olko kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivettakoon | älköön kaivettako | passive | olkoon kaivettu | älköön olko kaivettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaivanen | en kaivane | 1st sing. | lienen kaivanut | en liene kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaivanet | et kaivane | 2nd sing. | lienet kaivanut | et liene kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivanee | ei kaivane | 3rd sing. | lienee kaivanut | ei liene kaivanut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivanemme | emme kaivane | 1st plur. | lienemme kaivaneet | emme liene kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivanette | ette kaivane | 2nd plur. | lienette kaivaneet | ette liene kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivanevat | eivät kaivane | 3rd plur. | lienevät kaivaneet | eivät liene kaivaneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivettaneen | ei kaivettane | passive | lienee kaivettu | ei liene kaivettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kaivaa | present | kaivava | kaivettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | kaivanut | kaivettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kaivaessa | kaivettaessa | agent4 | kaivama | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | kaivamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaivaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kaivamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kaivamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kaivamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kaivamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kaivamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaivaman | kaivettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kaivaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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