haldan

Estonian

Verb

haldan

1. first-person singular present indicative of haldama

Gothic

Romanization

haldan

1. Romanization of 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *haldan.

Verb

haldan

1. to hold, to keep

Inflection

infinitive	haldan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	haldo, haldon	hielt
2nd person singular	heldis, heldist	hieldi, hieldis
3rd person singular	heldit	hielt
1st person plural	haldon	hieldun
2nd person plural	haldet	hieldut
3rd person plural	haldont	hieldun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	halde	hieldi
2nd person singular	haldes, haldest	hieldi, hieldis
3rd person singular	halde	hieldi
1st person plural	halden	hieldin
2nd person plural	haldet	hieldit
3rd person plural	halden	hieldin
imperative	present
singular	halt
plural	haldet
participle	present	past
	haldandi	haldan, gihaldan

Conjugation of haldan (strong class 7)

Derived terms

• bihaldan

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: houden, halden, holden
  • Dutch: houden, (informal) houwen, houen
    • Afrikaans: hou
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
    • Negerhollands: hou, how
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: how, ow
    • → Antillean Creole: béc aou (Martinique)
  • Limburgish: haaje

Further reading

• “haldan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *haldan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑl.dɑn/, [ˈhɑɫ.dɑn]

Verb

haldan (Anglian)

1. Alternative form of healdan

Conjugation

infinitive	haldan¹	haldonne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	haldu, halde	hēold
second person singular	hældes, haldes³	hēolde
third person singular	hældeþ, haldeþ²	hēold
plural	haldaþ²	hēoldun, hēoldon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	halde	hēolde
plural	halden	hēolden¹
imperative
singular	hald
plural	haldaþ²
participle	present	past
	haldende	(ġe)halden

Conjugation of haldan (strong class 7 Anglian)

🛈 This feature is under development and may not always produce the expected forms

¹In Northumbrian, final -n was regularly lost from these forms
²In Late Northumbrian, final -þ was frequently changed to -s
³In Mercian, final -t was sometimes added to these forms due to West Saxon influence

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *haldan, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną.

Akin to Old Dutch haldan, Old English healdan, Old Frisian halda, Old High German haltan, Old Norse halda, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (haldan).

Verb

haldan

1. to hold

Conjugation

infinitive	haldan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	haldu	hēld
2nd person singular	heldis	hēldi
3rd person singular	heldid	hēld
plural	haldad	hēldun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	halde	hēldi
2nd person singular	haldes	hēldis
3rd person singular	halde	hēldi
plural	halden	hēldin
imperative	present
singular	hald
plural	haldad
participle	present	past
	haldandi	gihaldan, haldan

Conjugation of haldan (strong class 7)

Descendants

• Middle Low German: halden, hōlden
  • Low German: hallen, halden (Paderbornisch); holen, holden, hollen, hooln
  • Plautdietsch: hoolen