gast
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
English
Etymology
From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɑːst/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɡæst/
- Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst
Verb
gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)
- (obsolete) To frighten.
- c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], signature [D4], recto:
- [H]ee charges home my vnprouided body, lancht mine arme, but when he ſaw my beſt alarumd ſpirits, bould in the quarrels, rights, rouſd to the encounter, or whether gaſted by the noyſe I made, but ſodainly he fled.
Derived terms
Anagrams
Breton
Etymology
Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).
Noun
gast f (plural gisti)
- (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch
Inflection
The template Template:br-noun-mutation does not use the parameter(s):g=fPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Doublet of gejst.
Noun
gast
Etymology 2
From German Gast (“guest”), from Proto-West Germanic *gasti. Doublet of gæst.
Noun
gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)
- a (unspecialized) crewmember on a ship
Further reading
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.
Noun
gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)
- guest
- (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
- Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
- (colloquial) dude, guy
Derived terms
- bakkersgast
- bruiloftsgast
- eregast
- gastenverblijf
- gastheer
- gasthuis
- gastorganisme
- gastrecht
- gastvriend
- gastvrij
- gastvrouw
- logeergast
- meestergast
- slaapgast
- slagersgast
- spuitgast
- vergasten
Descendants
- Negerhollands: gast
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
gast
- inflection of gassen:
Gothic
Romanization
gast
- Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄
Icelandic
Verb
gast
Middle English
Noun
gast
- Alternative form of gost
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
gāst m
- spirit
- sē Hālga Gāst
- the Holy Spirit
- Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.
- I'll be with you in spirit.
- ghost
- breath
- demon
Declension
Strong a-stem:
Derived terms
- gāstlīċ (“spiritual”)
Descendants
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
Noun
gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)
Adjective
gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)
Descendants
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (gast)
- gast on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Old Frisian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.
Pronunciation
Noun
gāst m
Descendants
References
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).
Noun
gast m (plural gesti)
Declension
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | gast | gesti |
| accusative | gast | gesti |
| genitive | gastes | gesto |
| dative | gaste | gestim, gesten |
| instrumental | gastu | — |
Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)
Derived terms
Descendants
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.
Noun
gast m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | gast | gest |
| accusative | gast | gest |
| genitive | gasties | gastiō |
| dative | gastie | gastium |
| instrumental | — | — |
Descendants
Swedish
Etymology 1
See gäst
Noun
gast c
- A crew member on a ship
- 1882, Carl Eneroth, Humoresker till lands och sjös, page 10:
- Gastarne på Gefion hade öfverraskat några makliga sköldpaddor, som tagit sig en stadigare tupplur hitanför Gibraltar, och de der tystlåtna gökarne skänktes bort af kaptenen hit och dit, så att slutligen blott en fans öfrig.
- The crew of the Gefion had surprised a few lazy turtles, who had taken a more substantial nap hither of Gibraltar, and those silent fellows were given away by the captain here and there, so that at last only one remained.
Etymology 2
From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.
Noun
gast c
Usage notes
The more common word for ghost is spöke.
Declension
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | gast | gasts |
| definite | gasten | gastens | |
| plural | indefinite | gastar | gastars |
| definite | gastarna | gastarnas |
Derived terms
References
Anagrams
Welsh
Etymology
Cognate with Cornish gest, Breton gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).
Noun
gast f (plural geist)
Mutation
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gast”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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