gaz

See also: Gaz, gáz, and gaž

Albanian

Etymology

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin gaudium.

Noun

gaz m

1. joy
2. laughter

Related terms

• gazmend
• gëzim
• gëzoj
• gëzuar

 

Crimean Tatar

Noun

gaz

1. gas

Declension

nominative	gaz
genitive	gaznıñ
dative	gazğa
accusative	gaznı
locative	gazda
ablative	gazdan

Declension of gaz

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎, Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch gas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaz/ ~ /ɡɑz/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: gaze, gazes, gazent

Noun

gaz m (plural gaz)

1. gas
2. (physics) gas
3. flatulence

Derived terms

• avoir des gaz
• bec de gaz
• chambre à gaz
• gaz à effet de serre
• gaz carbonique
• gaz de houille
• gaz de pétrole liquéfié
• gaz d’échappement
• gaz hilarant
• gaz lacrymogène
• gaz naturel
• gaz noble
• gazeux
• masque à gaz
• mettre les gaz
• turbine à gaz
• usine à gaz
• y avoir de l’eau dans le gaz

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: غَاز (ḡāz)
• → Greek: γκάζι (gkázi)
• → Hebrew: גז (gaz)
• → Polish: gaz
  • → Kashubian: gaz
• → Persian: گاز (gâz)
• → Portuguese: gás
• → Romanian: gaz
• → Russian: газ (gaz), газъ (gaz) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
  • → Kazakh: газ (gaz)
  • → Yakut: газ (gaz)
• → Turkish: gaz

Further reading

• “gaz”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

A loanword with a debated origin:^[1]

1. Borrowed from a Slavic language.
2. Borrowed from Ossetian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɒz]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒz

Noun

gaz (plural gazok)

1. weed

   Synonym: gyom

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazok
accusative	gazt	gazokat
dative	gaznak	gazoknak
instrumental	gazzal	gazokkal
causal-final	gazért	gazokért
translative	gazzá	gazokká
terminative	gazig	gazokig
essive-formal	gazként	gazokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	gazban	gazokban
superessive	gazon	gazokon
adessive	gaznál	gazoknál
illative	gazba	gazokba
sublative	gazra	gazokra
allative	gazhoz	gazokhoz
elative	gazból	gazokból
delative	gazról	gazokról
ablative	gaztól	gazoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	gazé	gazoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	gazéi	gazokéi

Possessive forms of gaz
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	gazom	gazaim
2nd person sing.	gazod	gazaid
3rd person sing.	gaza	gazai
1st person plural	gazunk	gazaink
2nd person plural	gazotok	gazaitok
3rd person plural	gazuk	gazaik

Derived terms

• gazos

 

Descendants

• Romanian: goz

Adjective

gaz (not generally comparable, comparative gazabb, superlative leggazabb)

1. (literary) vile, wicked, depraved, treacherous, villainous

   Synonyms: aljas, alávaló, álnok, galád, hitvány, gonosz (see also colloquial and slang synonyms under szemét)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazok
accusative	gazt	gazokat
dative	gaznak	gazoknak
instrumental	gazzal	gazokkal
causal-final	gazért	gazokért
translative	gazzá	gazokká
terminative	gazig	gazokig
essive-formal	gazként	gazokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	gazban	gazokban
superessive	gazon	gazokon
adessive	gaznál	gazoknál
illative	gazba	gazokba
sublative	gazra	gazokra
allative	gazhoz	gazokhoz
elative	gazból	gazokból
delative	gazról	gazokról
ablative	gaztól	gazoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	gazé	gazoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	gazéi	gazokéi

Derived terms

• gazság

 

Compound words

• gazember
• gazfickó
• gaztett

 

References

1. gaz in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

• gaz in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• gaz in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay gaz, from Persian گز (gaz).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaz/
• Homophone: gas
• Rhymes: -az

Noun

gaz (plural gaz-gaz, first-person possessive gazku, second-person possessive gazmu, third-person possessive gaznya)

1. (archaic) guz: A unit of length used in parts of Asia, ranging from 24 to 41 inches.

References

1. Mohammad Khosh Haikal Azad (2018) “Historical Cultural Linkages between Iran and Southeast Asia: Entered Persian Vocabularies in the Malay Language”, in Journal of Cultural Relation (in Persian), pages 117-144

Further reading

• “gaz” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish gaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: gaz

Noun

gaz m inan (related adjective gazowi)

1. (countable, chemistry) gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid; chemical element or compound in such a state)
2. (uncountable) gas (flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel)
3. (uncountable, colloquial) gas (amount of gasoline sent to the engine as controlled by the driver by means of the gas pedal)
4. (countable, colloquial) gas (gas pedal)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazë
genitive	gazu	gazów
dative	gazowi	gazóm
accusative	gaz	gazë
instrumental	gazã	gazama
locative	gazu	gazach
vocative	gaz/gazu	gazë

Declension of gaz

Derived terms

nouns

• gazomiérz
• gazownictwò
• gazownik
• gazowniô

 

verbs

• gazowac impf

 

Further reading

• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “gaz”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “gaz”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
• “gaz”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

gaz

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Borrowed from French gaz.^[1][2] First attested in the end of the 19th century.^[3] Compare Silesian gaz.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/

• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: gaz

Noun

gaz m inan (diminutive gazik, related adjective gazowy)

1. (countable, chemistry) gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid; chemical element or compound in such a state)
2. (uncountable) gas (flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel)
3. (uncountable) gas (flame produced by such a fuel)
4. (countable) gas instalation (something allowing the transfer and subsequent use of such a fuel)
5. (uncountable, colloquial) gas (amount of gasoline sent to the engine as controlled by the driver by means of the gas pedal)
6. (countable, colloquial) gas (gas pedal)
7. (in the plural) gass (state of having gas in digestive system)

   Synonyms: bąk, bździna, bździoch, pierd, pierdnięcie, wiatry

8. (regional, Far Masovian) paraffin, kerosene

   Synonym: nafta

   Weż no i zapal gaz, co tamój stoi na policy. (Far Masovian) ― Take and burn the kerosene that's standing on the shelf.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	gaz	gazy
genitive	gazu	gazów
dative	gazowi	gazom
accusative	gaz	gazy
instrumental	gazem	gazami
locative	gazie	gazach
vocative	gazie	gazy

Declension of gaz

Derived terms

adverbs

• gazem
• na gazie
• na pełny gaz
• na podwójnym gazie
• pełnym gazem

 

interjections

• gazu

 

nouns

• agrogaz
• biogaz
• biogazownia
• gaz cieplarniany
• gaz koksowniczy
• gaz kopalniany
• gaz łupkowy
• gaz musztardowy
• gaz pieprzowy
• gaz rozweselający
• gaz szlachetny
• gaz świetlny
• gaz ziemny
• wyższa szkoła gotowania na gazie

 

verbs

• gazować impf

 

verbs

• dać gazu pf, dawać gazu impf
• pójść do gazu pf, iść do gazu impf
• zdjąć nogę z gazu pf, zdejmować nogę z gazu impf

 

Related terms

adjectives

• biogazowy

 

nouns

• gazowość

 

Descendants

• → Kashubian: gaz

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), gaz is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 40 times in scientific texts, 14 times in news, 4 times in essays, 4 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 67 times, making it the 960th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[4]

References

1. Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “gaz”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
2. Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “gaz”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
3. Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “gaz”, in Słownik języka polskiego
4. Ida Kurcz (1990) “gaz”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 125

Further reading

• gaz in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gazy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gaz in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “gaz”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “gaz”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 810
• Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “gaz”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 108

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gaz.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -az

Noun

gaz n (plural gaze)

1. gas (state of matter)

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) gaz	gazul	(niște) gaze	gazele
genitive/dative	(unui) gaz	gazului	(unor) gaze	gazelor
vocative	gazule		gazelor

Declension of gaz

Salar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kāŕ. Compare to Turkish kaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qɑz]

Noun

gaz (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. goose

References

• 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “gaz”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎, Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 121
• Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “qaz”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 463
• Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “qaz”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 224
• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “gaz”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 105

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gazъ, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷā- (“to go”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡâːz/

Noun

gȃz m (Cyrillic spelling га̑з)

1. ford, shallow place
2. draft (of a ship)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	gȃz	gázovi
genitive	gaza	gazova
dative	gazu	gazovima
accusative	gaz	gazove
vocative	gazu	gazovi
locative	gazu	gazovima
instrumental	gazom	gazovima

Declension of gaz

Silesian

Alternative forms

• gas

Etymology

Borrowed from German Gas. Compare Polish gaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: gaz

Noun

gaz m inan (related adjective gazowy)

1. gas (flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel)
2. paraffin, kerosene

Derived terms

nouns

• gazmaska

 

Further reading

• Bogdan Kallus (2020) “gaz”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 79
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “gaz”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 233

Sumerian

Romanization

gaz

1. Romanization of 𒄤 (gaz)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish غاز (gaz), from French gaz, from Dutch gas.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

gaz (definite accusative gazı, plural gazlar)

1. gas
2. throttle

Derived terms

• havagazı