familia

See also: Familia, família, famìlia, and familią

Languages (21)

Translingual • English

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Aragonese • Asturian • Basque • Chamorro • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • Esperanto • Galician • Indonesian • Ingrian • Interlingua • Ladin • Latin • Leonese • Mòcheno • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Spanish • Swahili

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

From Latin familia.

Noun

familia

1. (biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below ordo and above genus.
2. (taxonomy) A taxon at this rank.

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin familia (“family”). Doublet of family.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fəˈmɪlɪə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Homophone: familiar (some non-rhotic accents)

Noun

familia (plural familiae)

1. (historical) A household or religious community under one head, regarded as a unit.
   • 2007, Ada I. Engebrigtsen, Exploring Gypsiness, page 117:

     Joska's elder brother Phuro was, however, seen as the leader of his familia. As one of the oldest males in the hamlet, with a familia that consisted of sons, bora and sons-in-law, Phuro's position as head of his familia was given by his age and by his authority as father.

2. (Roman law) The paterfamilias, his legitimate descendants and their wives, all persons adopted into his family and their wives, and all slaves belonging to the household.

Aragonese

Aragonese Wikipedia has an article on:

familia

Wikipedia ^an

Etymology

From Latin familia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmilja/
• Rhymes: -ilja
• Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

Noun

familia f (plural familias)

1. family

Asturian

Asturian Wikipedia has an article on:

familia

Wikipedia ^ast

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin familia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmilja/, [faˈmi.lja]
• Rhymes: -ilja
• Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧lia

Noun

familia f (plural families)

1. family

Basque

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish familia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /familia/ [fa.mi.li.a]
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧li‧a

Noun

familia anim

1. family, lineage

   Synonym: sendi

Declension

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	familia	familia	familiak
ergative	familiak	familiak	familiek
dative	familiari	familiari	familiei
genitive	familiaren	familiaren	familien
comitative	familiarekin	familiarekin	familiekin
causative	familiarengatik	familiarengatik	familiengatik
benefactive	familiarentzat	familiarentzat	familientzat
instrumental	familiaz	familiaz	familiez
inessive	familiarengan	familiarengan	familiengan
locative	—	—	—
allative	familiarengana	familiarengana	familiengana
terminative	familiarenganaino	familiarenganaino	familienganaino
directive	familiarenganantz	familiarenganantz	familienganantz
destinative	familiarenganako	familiarenganako	familienganako
ablative	familiarengandik	familiarengandik	familiengandik
partitive	familiarik	—	—
prolative	familiatzat	—	—

Declension of familia (animate, ending in -a)

Derived terms

• familia-harrera
• familia-liburu
• familia-mediku
• familiaburu
• familiarte (“relative”)
• familiarteko
• familiatu

 

Further reading

• “familia”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
• “familia”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Chamorro

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish familia

Noun

familia

1. family

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl

Etymology

From Spanish familia.

Noun

familia

1. family

Esperanto

Etymology

From familio (“family”) +‎ -a (suffix indicating an adjective).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [famiˈlia]
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧li‧a

Adjective

familia (accusative singular familian, plural familiaj, accusative plural familiajn)

1. familial; family (attributively)

Galician

Alternative forms

• família (reintegrationist)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin familia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmilja/ [faˈmi.ljɐ]
• Rhymes: -ilja
• Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧lia

Noun

familia f (plural familias)

1. family

Further reading

• “familia”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Indonesian

Noun

familia (first-person possessive familiaku, second-person possessive familiamu, third-person possessive familianya)

1. family

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian фамилия (familija).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈfɑmiliɑ/, [ˈfɑmiˌlʲiɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈfɑmilʲiɑ/, [ˈfɑmiˌlʲiɑ]
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧li‧a

Noun

familia

1. Synonym of sukunimi

Declension

Declension of familia (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	familia	familiat
genitive	familian	familioin
partitive	familiaa	familioja
illative	familiaa	familioi
inessive	familias	familiois
elative	familiast	familioist
allative	familialle	familioille
adessive	familial	familioil
ablative	familialt	familioilt
translative	familiaks	familioiks
essive	familianna, familiaan	familioinna, familioin
exessive1)	familiant	familioint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 38

Interlingua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmi.lja/

Noun

familia (plural familias)

1. family

Ladin

Noun

familia f (plural families)

1. family

Latin

FWOTD – 15 May 2018

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fameljā (“of the house → household”), from earlier *θameljā.

In view of the semantic shift illustrated in the cognates, famulus (“servant, slave”) (with Oscan 𐌚𐌀𐌌𐌄𐌋 (famel, “servile”)) is probably a backformation from it and not the other way around. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-eló-m (“fundament”), from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”). Cognate with Sanskrit धामन् (dhāman, “order; dwelling-place, temple; family”), Ancient Greek θεμέλιος (themélios, “of the foundation”), θέμις (thémis, “justice, law”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /faˈmi.li.a/, [fäˈmɪlʲiä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /faˈmi.li.a/, [fäˈmiːliä]

Noun

familia f (genitive familiae); first declension

1. a household (all persons subject to the control of one man (whether relations, freedmen or slaves))
2. the slaves of a household, servants
3. a group of slaves stationed in one place; a brigade, gang (used for some purpose)
   1. one's personal retinue
4. a family, kin (a group of people closely related to one another)

   Synonym: domus

   • Vulgate, Genesis 10.32:

     Hae familiae Nōē iū̆xtā populōs et nātiōnēs suās. Ab hīs dīvīsae sunt gentēs in Terrā post dīluvium.

     These are the families of Noah, according to their peoples and tribes. From them split the nations on Earth after the deluge.

5. an intellectual school (e.g., of philosophy)

   Synonym: domus

6. (law) an estate (sometimes distinct from pecūnia and possibly restricted to rēs mancipī)

Usage notes

According to Richard Saller, “[f]amilia was never used to mean ‘father, mother and children’ in our sense of ‘family’ today. It did have a technical, legal usage akin to ‘family’, but in common parlance most often meant ‘slave staff’, exclusive of the master's family.... The usual word for ‘family’ in the classical period was domus, which carried the general sense of ‘household’ including domestic slaves.”^[1]

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	familia	familiae
genitive	familiae	familiārum
dative	familiae	familiīs
accusative	familiam	familiās
ablative	familiā	familiīs
vocative	familia	familiae

The older genitive singular familiās is frequent in the expression pater familiās and the similar expressions with fīlius, māter, and fīlia as the first element.

Holonyms

• gēns

Derived terms

• familiāris
• familiāriter
• familiola
• pater familias

 

Related terms

• familiārēscō
• familiāricus
• familiāritās
• famula
• famulanter
• famulātiō
• famulātus
• famulitium
• famulō
• famulor
• famultās
• famulus

 

Descendants

• Eastern Romance
  • Aromanian: fumealji, fumealje, fãmealji, fãmealje
  • Megleno-Romanian: fumeaľă, fămęľă
  • Romanian: femeie, fămeaiă, fămeie — archaic, fomeie, fimeie — Moldavia (region)
• Gallo-Italic
  • Emilian:
  • Ligurian: famìggia
  • Lombard: fameja
  • Piedmontese: famija
  • Romagnol: famèja, famì
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Friulian: famee
  • Romansch: fumegl, famagl, fameglia
• Venetan: fameja, famégia, famegia
  • → Cimbrian: faméeja
• Aragonese: familha
• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Corsican: famiglia, famidda, famighja
  • Dalmatian: famalja
  • Istriot: fameîa
  • Italian: famiglia
    • → Cimbrian: famildja
    • → Maltese: familja
    • → Mòcheno: familia
    • → Ottoman Turkish: فاملیا
      • Turkish: familya
      • → Armenian: ֆամիլյա (familya)
    • → Romansch: famiglia
    • → Sardinian: famíglia
  • Sicilian: famigghia

Borrowings

• → Albanian: fëmijë (earlier borrowing from a Vulgar Latin form), familje (later borrowing)
• → Alemannic German: Famiili
• → Asturian: familia
• → Basque: familia
• → Bavarian: Famij, Famülie
• → Dutch: familie
  • Afrikaans: familie
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: famili
  • Negerhollands: familie, famili
  • Petjo: fermilie
  • → Indonesian: famili
  • → Sranan Tongo: famiri
    • → Caribbean Javanese: famiri, pamili, pamiri
    • → Saramaccan: famíí
• → Dutch Low Saxon: femilie
• → English: familia, family
  • Jamaican Creole: faambli, fambili
  • Tok Pisin: famili
  • Sranan Tongo: famiri
  • → Chuukese: famini
  • → Malay: famili
  • → Maori: whāmere
• → Extremaduran: família
• → Galician: familia
• → German: Familie
  • → Danish: familie
  • → Kashubian: familëjô
  • → Latvian: famīlija
  • → Lower Sorbian: familija
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: familie
  • → Russian: фами́лия (famílija)
• → Hungarian: família
• → Kölsch: Famelisch
• → Macedonian: фамилија (familija)
• → Middle French: famille
  • French: famille
    • Haitian Creole: fanmi
    • → Luxembourgish: Famill
    • Iranian Persian: فامیل (fâmil)
• → Norman: fanmil'ye, famîle (continental Normandy), fomille, famille (Guernsey), family (Sark), famille, fomille, famîle (continental Normandy), famille (Guernsey), family (Sark), fanmil'ye (Jersey), family
• → Mirandese: família
• → Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: família
  • Occitan: familha
• → Polish: familia
• → Portuguese: família
• → Romani: familija
• → Romanian: familie
• → Carpathian Rusyn: фамилія (famylija)
• → Saterland Frisian: Familie
• → Scots: faimlie, faimily
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: фа̀мӣлија
  • Latin script: fàmīlija
• → Spanish: familia
  • → Cebuano: pamilya
  • → Chamorro: familia
  • → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: familia
  • → Ilocano: pamilia
  • → Tagalog: pamilya
  • → Waray-Waray: pamilya
• → Swahili: familia
• → Swedish: familj
• → Walloon: famile
• → West Frisian: famylje

References

• “familia” on page 740 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “famulus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200

1. Saller, Richard, Slavery and the Roman Family, in Finley, Moses I., ed., Classical Slavery (London: Frank Cass, cloth 1987 & 2000 (same ed.), reprinted 1999 →ISBN, p. 84

Further reading

• “familia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “familia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• familia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• familia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a sect, school of thought: schola, disciplina, familia; secta
    
  • a theatrical company: familia, grex, caterva histrionum
    
  • a band, troupe of gladiators under the management of a lanista: familia gladiatoria (Sest. 64. 134)
    
• “familia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “familia”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Leonese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmilja/, [faˈmi.lja]
• Rhymes: -ilja
• Hyphenation: fa‧mi‧lia

Noun

familia f (plural familias)

1. family

References

• familia at the Diccionario Castellano-Leonés / Leonés-Castellano.
• familia at the Pallabeiru Llïonés.

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Italian famiglia, from Latin familia (“family; household”).

Noun

familia f

1. family

References

• “familia” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

familia

Wikipedia ^pl

Alternative forms

• famielija (Near Masovia)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin familia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmi.lja/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ilja
• Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

Noun

familia f (diminutive familijka, augmentative (dialectal) famuła, related adjective familijny)

1. (dated) family

   Synonym: rodzina

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	familia	familie
genitive	familii	familii/familij (archaic)
dative	familii	familiom
accusative	familię	familie
instrumental	familią	familiami
locative	familii	familiach
vocative	familio	familie

Declension of familia

Related terms

adjectives

• familiarny

 

adverbs

• familiarnie
• familijnie

 

nouns

• familiant
• familiantka
• familiarność
• familijność

 

Further reading

• familia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• familia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

familia f (plural familias)

1. Obsolete spelling of família.

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [faˈmi.li.a]

Noun

familia f

1. definite singular nominative/accusative of familie

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin familia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /faˈmilja/ [faˈmi.lja]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ilja
• Syllabification: fa‧mi‧lia

Noun

familia f (plural familias)

1. family (a nuclear family)
2. family (a grouping of things possessing common characteristics)

Hyponyms

• familia política

Derived terms

• abandono de familia
• cabeza de familia
• consejo de familia
• de buena familia
• de familia
• de la familia
• derecho de familia
• en familia
• familia de lenguas
• familia nuclear
• familia numerosa
• familia política
• libro de familia
• madre de familia
• médico de familia
• miembro de la familia
• padre de familia
• venir de familia

 

Related terms

• familiar
• familiarizar

 

Descendants

• → Cebuano: pamilya
• → Chamorro: familia
• → Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: familia
• → Ilocano: pamilia
• → Tagalog: pamilya
• → Waray-Waray: pamilya

Further reading

• “familia”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Swahili

Swahili Wikipedia has an article on:

familia

Wikipedia ^sw

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese família,^[1] ultimately from Latin familia.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

familia (n class, plural familia)

1. family

   Synonym: ayali

2. (taxonomy) family

References

1. Harvey, Andrew (2014) “Epenthetic Vowels in Swahili Loanwords”, in Journal of Linguistics and Language in Education‎, volume 8, number 2, page 38 of 17-45: “origin is more likely to be Pt. "família"”