carina

See also: Carina

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”). Doublet of careen and carene.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -iːnə
• Rhymes: -aɪnə

Noun

carina (plural carinas or carinae)

1. A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
2. (botany) Part of a papilionaceous flower consisting of two petals, commonly united, which encloses the organs of fructification.
3. (zoology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.
4. (anatomy) Any of several features that have a projecting central ridge

Derived terms

• carina apex
• carinal
• carination
• carina tracheae
• cariniform
• carinula

 

Anagrams

• Ancira, Arican, Carian, Ciaran, acinar, arnica, crania, narica

Albanian

Noun

carina f

1. definite nominative singular of carinë

Italian

Adjective

carina f

1. feminine singular of carino

Anagrams

• aracni, aranci, arcani, arnica, carnai, inarca

Latin

Etymology

Cognate with Welsh ceri (“stone of a fruit”) and Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut”). The earliest attested meaning is "ship's keel", though whether the original meaning was "keel" or "walnut shell" is unclear.

The further origin is disputed:^[1]

• Borrowed from a European substrate, whence also the Welsh and Greek terms. Alternatively, borrowed from Greek, itself borrowed from said substrate.
• From a Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard”), and compared further to cancer (“crab”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kaˈriː.na/, [käˈriːnä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kaˈri.na/, [käˈriːnä]

Noun

carīna f (genitive carīnae); first declension

1. keel or hull of a ship
2. (figuratively) ship
3. half of a walnut shell

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	carīna	carīnae
Genitive	carīnae	carīnārum
Dative	carīnae	carīnīs
Accusative	carīnam	carīnās
Ablative	carīnā	carīnīs
Vocative	carīna	carīnae

Related terms

• Carīnae
• cornu

Descendants

• → English: carina
• → Greek: καρίνα (karína)
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *carēna
  • Catalan: carena
  • Galician: carena
  • Ligurian: carena
    • → French: carène
      • → English: careen
    • → Italian: carena
  • Spanish: carena
  • Welsh: cerwyn

References

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “carīna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93

Further reading

• “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “carina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• carina in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• carina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “carina”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “carina”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From car +‎ -ina, because customs was originally paid to the emperor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sârina/
• Hyphenation: ca‧ri‧na

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Noun

cȁrina f (Cyrillic spelling ца̏рина)

1. customs

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	carina	carine
genitive	carine	carina
dative	carini	carinama
accusative	carinu	carine
vocative	carino	carine
locative	carini	carinama
instrumental	carinom	carinama

Declension of carina

Further reading

• “carina”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovak

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkariːna]

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Noun

carina f

1. (zoology) The keel of the breastbone of birds.

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “carina”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024