Suffix
-ий • (-ii)
- Marks the genitive case in the regular declension after a front vowel stem ending in н (n).
- эмгэн (emgen, “old woman”) + -ий (-ii) → эмгэний (emgenii, “old woman's”)
- Forms patronymics.
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.
Suffix
-ий • (-ij)
- forms relational and possessive adjectives from nouns describing animals and people: -'s, -ine, -ian
- соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + -ий (-ij) → соба́чий (sobáčij, “dog (relational);, canine”)
- ры́ба (rýba, “fish”) + -ий (-ij) → ры́бий (rýbij, “fish (relational);”)
- пти́ца (ptíca, “bird”) + -ий (-ij) → пти́чий (ptíčij, “bird (relational); avian”)
- коза́ (kozá, “goat”) + -ий (-ij) → ко́зий (kózij, “goat (relational);”)
- лиса́ (lisá, “fox”) + -ий (-ij) → ли́сий (lísij, “fox (relational); vulpine, foxlike”)
- стару́шка (starúška, “(little) old lady”) + -ий (-ij) → стару́шечий (starúšečij, “anile, like a crone or old lady”)
- ча́йка (čájka, “seagull”) + -ий (-ij) → ча́ячий (čájačij, “seagull (relational); (with irregular -я-)”)
- ко́шка (kóška, “cat”) + -ий (-ij) → коша́чий (košáčij, “cat (relational); , feline”) (with irregular -а́-)
- бог (box, “god”) + -ий (-ij) → бо́жий (bóžij, “god's, divine”)
- деви́ца (devíca, “girl, maiden”) + -ий (-ij) → деви́чий (devíčij, “girl's, girlish”)
- ба́ба (bába, “woman”) + -ий (-ij) → ба́бий (bábij, “women's”) (pejorative or in expressions)
- ребя́та (rebjáta, “children”) + -ий (-ij) → ребя́чий (rebjáčij, “children's; childish”) (with irregular iotation)
Usage notes
- This suffix is added particularly to animate nouns, and has the special possessive declension. It triggers the Slavic first palatalization but not (normally) iotation; but see ребя́чий (rebjáčij) from ребя́та (rebjáta), with iotation.
- If added to reducible nouns, the noun assumes the unreduced form.
Declension
More information masculine, neuter ...
|
masculine |
neuter |
feminine |
plural |
nominative |
-ий -ij |
-ье -ʹje |
-ья -ʹja |
-ьи -ʹi |
genitive |
-ьего -ʹjevo |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix |
dative |
-ьему -ʹjemu |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьим -ʹim |
accusative |
animate |
-ьего -ʹjevo |
-ье -ʹje |
-ью -ʹju |
-ьих -ʹix |
inanimate |
-ий -ij |
-ьи -ʹi |
instrumental |
-ьим -ʹim |
-ьей, -ьею -ʹjej, -ʹjeju |
-ьими -ʹimi |
prepositional |
-ьем -ʹjem |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix |
Close
Declension of -ий (possessive)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъ.
Suffix
-ий • (-ij)
- -ed
- одно- (odno-, “one”) + нога́ (nogá, “leg”) + -ий (-ij) → одноно́гий (odnonógij, “one-legged”)
- жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + -о- (-o-) + брю́хо (brjúxo, “belly”) + -ий (-ij) → желтобрю́хий (želtobrjúxij, “yellow-bellied”)
- без- (bez-, “without”) + лик (lik, “face”) + -ий (-ij) → безли́кий (bezlíkij, “faceless”, literally “no-faced”)
Usage notes
- This suffix is a variant of -ый (-yj) used particularly after velars (к г х) due to Russian spelling rules. It is used particularly with two-part compounds, where the second part normally refers to a body part. It does not trigger the Slavic first palatalization.
- These adjectives do have short forms, of accent pattern a.
Declension
- for an adjective whose stem ends in к; similarly for г and х
More information masculine, neuter ...
|
masculine |
neuter |
feminine |
plural |
nominative |
-кий -kij |
-кое -koje |
-кая -kaja |
-кие -kije |
genitive |
-кого -kovo |
-кой -koj |
-ких -kix |
dative |
-кому -komu |
-кой -koj |
-ким -kim |
accusative |
animate |
-кого -kovo |
-кое -koje |
-кую -kuju |
-ких -kix |
inanimate |
-кий -kij |
-кие -kije |
instrumental |
-ким -kim |
-кой, -кою -koj, -koju |
-кими -kimi |
prepositional |
-ком -kom |
-кой -koj |
-ких -kix |
|
short form |
-к -k |
-ко -ko |
-ка -ka |
-ки -ki |
Close
Declension of -кий (short class a)
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-jь.
Suffix
-ий • (-ij)
- forms adjectives from verbs, verbal nouns and compounds: -ous, -al, etc.
- сход (sxod, “gathering”) + -ий (-ij) → схо́жий (sxóžij, “similar”)
- расходи́ться (rasxodítʹsja, “to sell out”) + -ий (-ij) → расхо́жий (rasxóžij, “popular, in demand”)
- бес- (bes-, “without”) + стыд (styd, “shame”) + -ий (-ij) → бессты́жий (besstýžij, “shameless”)
- forms adjectives and adjectival nouns from some nouns referring to people
- возни́ца (vozníca, “charioteer”) + -ий (-ij) → возни́чий (vozníčij, “charioteer”)
- лесни́к (lesník, “woodsman, forest ranger”) + -ий (-ij) → лесни́чий (lesníčij, “woodsman, forest ranger”)
- рабо́та (rabóta, “work”) + -ий (-ij) → рабо́чий (rabóčij, “worker; worker's”)
Usage notes
- This suffix is not too common and appears to be formed especially from nouns and verbs ending in д. Unlike the other two suffixes, it triggers iotation.
- Adjectives formed this way tend to have a popular, colloquial flavor.
Declension
- for an adjective whose stem ends in ж
More information masculine, neuter ...
|
masculine |
neuter |
feminine |
plural |
nominative |
-жий -žij |
-жее -žeje |
-жая -žaja |
-жие -žije |
genitive |
-жего -ževo |
-жей -žej |
-жих -žix |
dative |
-жему -žemu |
-жей -žej |
-жим -žim |
accusative |
animate |
-жего -ževo |
-жее -žeje |
-жую -žuju |
-жих -žix |
inanimate |
-жий -žij |
-жие -žije |
instrumental |
-жим -žim |
-жей, -жею -žej, -žeju |
-жими -žimi |
prepositional |
-жем -žem |
-жей -žej |
-жих -žix |
|
short form |
-ж -ž |
-же -že |
-жа -ža |
-жи -ži |
Close
Declension of -жий (short class a)