約
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 约
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Han character
約 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火心戈 (VFPI) or 女火心一 (VFPM), four-corner 27920, composition ⿰糹勺)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27242
- Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 15
- Unihan data for U+7D04
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 約 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 豹 | *preːwɢs |
| 趵 | *preːwɢs, *preːwɢ |
| 尥 | *breːw, *b·reːwɢs |
| 箹 | *ʔreːwɢs, *ʔreːwɢ |
| 杓 | *plew, *pʰlew, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 約 | *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ |
| 扚 | *pleːwʔ, *pleːwɢ |
| 釣 | *pleːwɢs |
| 瘹 | *teːwɢs |
| 芍 | *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 酌 | *pljewɢ |
| 灼 | *pljewɢ |
| 勺 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
| 彴 | *pljewɢ |
| 犳 | *pljewɢ |
| 妁 | *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ |
| 汋 | *bljewɢ, *sbreːwɢ |
| 仢 | *bljewɢ |
| 葯 | *qlewɢ, *qreːwɢ |
| 礿 | *lewɢ |
| 肑 | *preːwɢ, *pleːwɢ |
| 瓝 | *breːwɢ |
| 的 | *pleːwɢ |
| 靮 | *pleːwɢ |
| 馰 | *pleːwɢ |
| 玓 | *pleːwɢ |
| 魡 | *pleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ioh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): yeh4
- Northern Min (KCR): iŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): iók / ióh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7iaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): io6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yue
- Wade–Giles: yüeh1
- Yale: ywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iue
- Palladius: юэ (jue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yao
- Wade–Giles: yao1
- Yale: yāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: yāo - only the sense of “to weigh on a balance or scale”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /yo²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: joek3
- Yale: yeuk
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek8
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiak2 / yiak1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiak̚⁵⁵/, /jiak̚³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ioh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
- Hakka Romanization System: iogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog5
- Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog5
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: yeh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /yəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iók / ióh
- Sinological IPA (key): /yɔʔ²⁴/, /yɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- iók - literary;
- ióh - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iok
- Tâi-lô: iok
- Phofsit Daibuun: iog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
- Tâi-lô: iak
- Phofsit Daibuun: iag
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /iak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- iok/iak - literary;
- ioh - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iag4 / ioh4 / iêh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iak / ioh / ieh
- Sinological IPA (key): /iak̚²/, /ioʔ²/, /ieʔ²/
- (Teochew)
- iag4 - literary;
- ioh4/iêh4 - vernacular.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: 'jak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)ewk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔlewɢ/
Definitions
約
- † to bundle up; to bind
- † rope; cord
- † to restrain; to limit; to keep under control
- to make an appointment; to arrange
- appointment; meeting; arrangement
- treaty; agreement; covenant; pact; contract
- to invite or ask in advance
- † to hinder; to block
- † to save; to economise
- † frugal; economical; thrifty
- † brief; concise; succinct
- † poor; humble; low-ranking
- (mathematics) to reduce (a fraction)
- † to prepare; to equip
- † to seek; to pursue
- † to estimate; to approximate; to reckon
- (colloquial) to weigh (on a balance or scale)
- about; approximately
- (Hong Kong, historical) district (of the City of Victoria)
- 四環九約／四环九约 [Cantonese] ― sei3 waan4 gau2 joek3 [Jyutping] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (Hong Kong, historical) pact, group of villages (clarification of this definition is needed)
Compounds
- 不平等條約／不平等条约 (bùpíngděng tiáoyuē)
- 不約而同／不约而同 (bùyuē'értóng)
- 不約而合／不约而合
- 丰姿綽約／丰姿绰约
- 丰神綽約／丰神绰约
- 主契約／主契约
- 九國公約／九国公约
- 人約黃昏／人约黄昏
- 伊犁條約／伊犁条约
- 依約／依约 (yīyuē)
- 借約／借约 (jièyuē)
- 儉約／俭约 (jiǎnyuē)
- 公約／公约 (gōngyuē)
- 公約數／公约数
- 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
- 制約刺激／制约刺激
- 制約反應／制约反应
- 勞動契約／劳动契约
- 北京條約／北京条约
- 協約／协约 (xiéyuē)
- 協約國／协约国 (Xiéyuēguó)
- 南京條約／南京条约
- 博文約禮／博文约礼 (bówényuēlǐ)
- 厲行節約／厉行节约 (lìxíngjiéyuē)
- 友好條約／友好条约
- 合約／合约 (héyuē)
- 和平條約／和平条约 (hépíng tiáoyuē)
- 和約／和约 (héyuē)
- 商約／商约
- 售貨合約／售货合约
- 單務契約／单务契约
- 團體協約／团体协约
- 基礎條約／基础条约
- 大信不約／大信不约
- 大約／大约 (dàyuē)
- 太空條約／太空条约
- 失約／失约 (shīyuē)
- 契約／契约 (qìyuē)
- 契約書／契约书 (qìyuēshū)
- 契約說／契约说
- 契約農業／契约农业
- 如約／如约 (rúyuē)
- 婥約／婥约
- 婉約／婉约
- 婚約／婚约 (hūnyuē)
- 婉約派／婉约派
- 守約／守约 (shǒuyuē)
- 守約施博／守约施博
- 定約／定约 (dìngyuē)
- 密約／密约 (mìyuē)
- 對等條約／对等条约
- 履約／履约 (lǚyuē)
- 工作契約／工作契约
- 巴黎和約／巴黎和约
- 幽期密約／幽期密约
- 廣州和約／广州和约
- 廢約／废约
- 彴約／彴约
- 從約／从约
- 成約／成约 (chéngyuē)
- 承攬契約／承揽契约
- 括約肌／括约肌 (kuòyuējī)
- 換約／换约
- 文約／文约
- 新約全書／新约全书 (Xīnyuē Quánshū)
- 月約星期／月约星期
- 有償契約／有偿契约
- 有名契約／有名契约
- 有約在先／有约在先
- 期約／期约
- 桑中之約／桑中之约
- 條約／条约 (tiáoyuē)
- 死亡約會／死亡约会
- 死約會／死约会
- 毀約／毁约 (huǐyuē)
- 洛桑公約／洛桑公约
- 無償契約／无偿契约
- 燕約鶯期／燕约莺期
- 爽約／爽约 (shuǎngyuē)
- 特約／特约 (tèyuē)
- 特約商店／特约商店
- 特約演員／特约演员
- 璦琿條約／瑷珲条约
- 由博返約／由博返约
- 界約／界约
- 畔約／畔约
- 盟約／盟约 (méngyuē)
- 相約／相约 (xiāngyuē)
- 破約／破约 (pòyuē)
- 租約／租约 (zūyuē)
- 租賃契約／租赁契约
- 稿約／稿约
- 穿鼻草約／穿鼻草约
- 窨約／窨约
- 立約／立约 (lìyuē)
- 節約／节约 (jiéyuē)
- 節約能源／节约能源
- 管約／管约
- 簡約／简约 (jiǎnyuē)
- 簽約／签约 (qiānyuē)
- 約克夏／约克夏
- 約克夏豬／约克夏猪 (yuēkèxià zhū)
- 約分／约分 (yuēfēn)
- 約分數／约分数
- 約同／约同
- 約定／约定 (yuēdìng)
- 約定俗成／约定俗成 (yuēdìngsúchéng)
- 約從／约从
- 約指／约指 (yuēzhǐ)
- 約拿書／约拿书 (Yuēnáshū)
- 約據／约据
- 約數／约数 (yuēshù)
- 約旦／约旦 (Yuēdàn)
- 約旦河／约旦河 (Yuēdànhé)
- 約會／约会 (yuēhuì)
- 約期／约期 (yuēqī)
- 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
- 約法／约法 (yuēfǎ)
- 約法三章／约法三章 (yuēfǎsānzhāng)
- 約瑟夫／约瑟夫 (Yuēsèfū)
- 約略／约略 (yuēlüè)
- 約約／约约
- 約翰／约翰 (Yuēhàn)
- 約翰牛／约翰牛
- 約翰福音／约翰福音 (Yuēhàn Fúyīn)
- 約翰遜／约翰逊 (Yuēhànxùn)
- 約莫／约莫 (yuēmo)
- 約見／约见 (yuējiàn)
- 約言／约言
- 約計／约计
- 約談／约谈 (yuētán)
- 約請／约请 (yuēqǐng)
- 約迭／约迭
- 約集／约集
- 約章／约章 (yuēzhāng)
- 紐約／纽约 (Niǔyuē)
- 紐約州／纽约州
- 紐約影展／纽约影展
- 結約／结约
- 綽約／绰约 (chuòyuē)
- 綽約多姿／绰约多姿
- 締約／缔约 (dìyuē)
- 締約國／缔约国
- 續約／续约 (xùyuē)
- 罰約／罚约
- 背約／背约 (bèiyuē)
- 舊約／旧约 (jiùyuē)
- 舊約全書／旧约全书 (Jiùyuē Quánshū)
- 花約／花约
- 草約／草约 (cǎoyuē)
- 華沙公約／华沙公约
- 萎約／萎约 (wěiyuē)
- 虎門條約／虎门条约
- 處約／处约
- 補約／补约
- 要約／要约
- 要約人／要约人
- 規約／规约 (guīyuē)
- 解約／解约 (jiěyuē)
- 訂約／订约 (dìngyuē)
- 誓約／誓约 (shìyuē)
- 變約／变约
- 負約／负约 (fùyuē)
- 赴約／赴约 (fùyuē)
- 踐約／践约 (jiànyuē)
- 辛丑和約／辛丑和约
- 通商條約／通商条约
- 違信背約／违信背约
- 違約／违约 (wéiyuē)
- 違約交割／违约交割
- 違約金／违约金 (wéiyuējīn)
- 邀約／邀约 (yāoyuē)
- 鄉約／乡约
- 隨意契約／随意契约
- 隱約／隐约 (yǐnyuē)
- 雙務契約／双务契约
- 雞黍之約／鸡黍之约
- 雨約雲期／雨约云期
- 非戰公約／非战公约
- 預約／预约 (yùyuē)
- 風姿綽約／风姿绰约
- 馬關條約／马关条约 (Mǎguān Tiáoyuē)
- 黃埔條約／黄埔条约
Descendants
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yào
- Wade–Giles: yao4
- Yale: yàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: 'jiewH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[q]ewk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔlewɢs/
Definitions
約
- † Alternative form of 要 (yào, “gist; essentials”)
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dì
- Wade–Giles: ti4
- Yale: dì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dih
- Palladius: ди (di)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
約
- † cord for the string of a stringed instrument
References
- “約”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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