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牙

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牙 U+7259, 牙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7259
← 牘
[U+7258] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 牚 →
[U+725A]
⽛ U+2F5B, ⽛
KANGXI RADICAL FANG
← ⽚
[U+2F5A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽜ →
[U+2F5C]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
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Han character

See images of
Radical 92 牙

牙 (Kangxi radical 92, 牙+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一女木竹 (MVDH), four-corner 10240, composition ⿹⿻𠃋丁丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #92, ⽛.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №39

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 695, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19909
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1419, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7259

Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...
trad. 牙
simp. # 牙
alternative forms 𤘈
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 牙, Western Zhou ...
Historical forms of the character 牙
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
邪 *ljaː, *laː
衺 *ljaː
牙 *ŋraː
芽 *ŋraː
齖 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
呀 *ŋraː, *hŋraː
枒 *ŋraː, *ŋraːs
雅 *ŋraːʔ
厊 *ŋraːʔ
庌 *ŋraːʔ
訝 *ŋraːs
迓 *ŋraːs
砑 *ŋraːs
犽 *ŋraːs
疨 *hŋraː
岈 *hŋraː
谺 *hŋraː
颬 *hŋraː
鴉 *qraː
釾 *laː
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Characters in the same phonetic series (牙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

The pictogram of a pair of elephant tusks. According to Xu Shen, this pictogram was used to indicate human molars but not front teeth/incisors (齒).

Etymology

Norman and Mei (1976) propose that this was a substrate loan; cf. Proto-Vietic *ŋaː (“ivory”) (Vietnamese ngà), Proto-Tai *ŋaːᴬ (“tusk; ivory”) (Thai งา (ngaa)). Pulleyblank (1983) disagrees with their hypothesis and considers Old Chinese to be the donor of this Wanderwort instead.

STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja (“tusk; tooth”), comparing it to Mizo ngho (“tusk; fang”), Manipuri ꯌꯥ (yaa, “tooth”), Mru [script needed] (hngou, “tooth”), Pa'o Karen [script needed] (tə́ʔ ŋà, “tooth”).

Hong Kong Cantonese neologism prefix
From 阿 (aa3).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 牙
Mandarin Beijing /ia³⁵/
Harbin /ia²⁴/
Tianjin /iɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ia⁴²/
Qingdao /ia⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ia⁴²/
Xi'an /nia²⁴/
Xining /ia²⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁵³/
Lanzhou /ia⁵³/
Ürümqi /ia⁵¹/
Wuhan /ia²¹³/
Chengdu /ia³¹/
Guiyang /ia²¹/
Kunming /ia̠³¹/
Nanjing /iɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ia⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /nia¹¹/
/ia¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiɑ¹³/
Hohhot /ia³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ŋa²³/
/ɦia²³/
Suzhou /ŋɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiɑ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋo³¹/
Hui Shexian /ŋa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ŋɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ia¹³/
/ŋa¹³/
Xiangtan /ŋɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋa¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋa²¹/
Nanning /ŋa²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋa²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ga³⁵/
/ge³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋa⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋa³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋẽ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /za³¹/
/ŋɛ³¹/
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More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 牙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五加切
Baxter ngae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ŋa/
Wang
Li		 /ŋa/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /ŋa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ngaa4
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 牙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yá
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-ɢˁ<r>a/
English tooth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牙
Reading # 1/1
No. 14177
Phonetic
component		 牙
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 牙
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraː/
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Note: ngaa4-2 - screw thread.
Note: ngāi - synaeresis of 牙齒 used alone or in some compounds.
Note:
  • gor2 - vernacular;
  • ga2 - literary.
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

牙

  1. (anatomy) tooth (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 隻／只 m c; 棚 c)
    拔牙  ―  báyá  ―  to take out a tooth
    我牙疼。  ―  Wǒ yá téng.  ―  I have a toothache.
  2. (anatomy) ivory; tusk of elephant
    牙雕  ―  yádiāo  ―  ivory sculpture
  3. screw thread
  4. (literary, obsolete) to bite
  5. (obsolete) Alternative form of 衙 (“government office; yamen”)
  6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 芽 (yá, “to sprout”)
  7. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, neologism) Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness.
  8. (historical) broker

Synonyms

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 齒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牙齒
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 牙
Taiwan 牙
Harbin 牙
Singapore 牙齒
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 牙
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 牙
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 牙
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 牙
Wanrong 牙
Xi'an 牙
Xining 牙
Xuzhou 牙
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 牙
Ürümqi 牙
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 牙齒
Chongqing 牙齒, 牙巴
Wuhan 牙齒, 才調子
Guiyang 牙齒
Guilin 牙齒
Liuzhou 牙齒
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 牙子
Xinghua 牙齒
Hefei 牙, 牙齒
Cantonese Guangzhou 牙
Hong Kong 牙
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 牙
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 牙
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 牙
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牙
Macau 牙
Guangzhou (Panyu) 牙
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 牙
Guangzhou (Conghua) 牙
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 牙
Foshan 牙
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 牙
Foshan (Shunde) 牙
Foshan (Sanshui) 牙
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 牙
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 牙
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 牙
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 牙
Zhuhai (Doumen) 牙
Jiangmen (Baisha) 牙
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 牙
Taishan 牙
Kaiping (Chikan) 牙
Enping (Niujiang) 牙
Heshan (Yayao) 牙
Dongguan 牙
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 牙
Qingyuan 牙
Fogang 牙
Yingde (Hanguang) 牙
Yangshan 牙
Lianshan (Butian) 牙齒
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 牙齒
Shaoguan 牙, 牙齒
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 牙
Renhua 牙齒
Lechang 牙, 牙齒
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 牙
Sihui 牙
Guangning 牙
Deqing 牙
Huaiji 牙
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 牙
Yunfu 牙
Xinxing 牙
Luoding 牙
Yunan (Pingtai) 牙
Yangjiang 牙
Xinyi 牙齒
Maoming (Xinpo) 牙
Lianjiang 牙
Nanning 牙齒, 牙
Wuzhou 牙齒, 牙
Yulin 牙齒, 牙
Hepu (Lianzhou) 牙齒
Guiping 牙齒
Mengshan (Xihe) 牙齒
Guigang (Nanjiang) 牙齒
Beiliu (Tangliao) 牙齒
Baise 牙齒
Bobai 牙齒
Lingshan 牙齒
Pubei 牙齒
Qinzhou 牙齒
Beihai 牙齒
Ningming 牙齒
Hengzhou 牙齒
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 牙齒
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牙
Singapore (Guangfu) 牙
Gan Nanchang 牙齒
Pingxiang 牙齒
Hakka Meixian 牙齒
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 牙
Dongguan (Qingxi) 牙
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 牙齒
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 牙
Wuhua (Huacheng) 牙齒
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 牙齒
Yudu 牙齒
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牙齒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 牙齒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 牙齒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 牙齒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 牙齒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 牙, 牙齒
Hong Kong 牙
Senai (Huiyang) 牙
Singapore (Dabu) 牙齒
Huizhou Jixi 牙齒
Jin Taiyuan 牙
Xinzhou 牙
Northern Min Jian'ou 牙齒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 牙
Fuzhou (Changle) 牙
Fuqing 喙齒
Yongtai 牙齒
Gutian 喙齒
Fu'an 喙齒
Ningde 喙齒
Shouning 喙齒
Zhouning 喙齒
Fuding 牙齒
Southern Min Xiamen 喙齒, 齒
Xiamen (Tong'an) 喙齒
Quanzhou 喙齒, 齒
Jinjiang 喙齒
Hui'an 喙齒
Anxi 喙齒
Dehua 喙齒
Zhangzhou 喙齒, 齒
Zhao'an 喙齒
Kaohsiung 喙齒, 齒
Yilan 喙齒
Changhua (Lukang) 喙齒
Taichung 牙齒
Taichung (Wuqi) 喙齒
Tainan 喙齒
Taitung 喙齒
Hsinchu 喙齒
Penghu (Magong) 喙齒
Penang (Hokkien) 喙齒, 牙
Singapore (Hokkien) 喙齒, 齒
Manila (Hokkien) 喙齒
Pingnan (Shangdu) 牙齒
Chaozhou 齒
Shantou 齒
Shantou (Chenghai) 齒
Jieyang 齒
Haifeng 牙
Bangkok (Teochew) 齒
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 牙
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 齒
Singapore (Teochew) 齒
Pontianak (Teochew) 牙
Leizhou 牙
Wenchang 牙
Haikou 齒
Singapore (Hainanese) 牙, 喙齒
Puxian Min Putian 齒
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 喙齒
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 齒
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 齒
Xianyou 齒, 喙齒
Xianyou (Fengting) 齒, 喙齒
Xianyou (Youyang) 齒, 喙齒
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 牙
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 牙齒
Shehua Fu'an 牙
Fuding 牙
Luoyuan 牙
Sanming 牙
Shunchang 牙
Hua'an 牙
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 牙齒
Wu Shanghai 牙子, 牙齒
Shanghai (Chongming) 牙齒
Suzhou 牙子
Wenzhou 牙齒, 牙
Jinhua 牙齒
Xiang Changsha 牙齒
Loudi 牙齒
Shuangfeng 牙齒
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Dialectal synonyms of 牙齒 (“tooth”) [map]

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牙):
  • → Japanese: 牙(げ) (ge); 牙(が) (ga)
  • → Korean: 아(牙) (a)
  • → Vietnamese: nha (牙)

Others:

  • → Proto-Tai: *ŋaːᴬ (“tusk, ivory”)
  • → Proto-Vietic: *ŋaː (“ivory”)

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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