染
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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染 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水弓木 (END), four-corner 34904, composition ⿱氿木(GJKV) or ⿱氿𣎳(HT))
Historical forms of the character 染 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 氵 (“water”) + 九 (“hook”) + 木 (“tree”) – to hang (on a hook 九) from a tree (木) into water (氵), so as to dye.
Earlier forms more often graphically 氵 + 杂; in the modern form, the water radical is moved upward to the upper-left corner.
Coblin (1986) compares this to Tibetan ཉམས་པ (nyams pa, “be stained, tarnished, spoiled”); Pan (1987) also notes Proto-Tai *ɲuɔmᴬ as well as Vietnamese nhuộm, both meaning "to dye".
Schuessler (2007) cites Downer (1986)'s opinion that form with 上 (shàng) tone is the verb, while form with 去 (qù) tone is the noun meaning "kind of cloth" (Lǐjì).
Variety | Location | 染 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐan²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /ʐan²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /ian¹³/ /ʐan¹³/ | |
Jinan | /ʐã⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /iã⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʐan⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /ʐã⁵³/ | |
Xining | /ʐã⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʐan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʐɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʐan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /nan⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /zan⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /zan⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /ʐã̠⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /ʐaŋ²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /ʐæ̃²⁴/ /ʐən²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /zæ̃⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /ʐɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /ʐæ̃⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ /zø²³/ |
Suzhou | /ȵiɪ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /zz̩ʷõ¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵi³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ne³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /ȵiɛ²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /iẽ⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɛn²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiam⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋiɑm⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jim²³/ |
Nanning | /jim²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /jim¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liam⁵³/ /ni⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nieŋ³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ziam⁵³/ /nĩ⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zam²¹³/ /ni²¹³/ |
染
From Middle Chinese 染 (MC nyemX|nyemH).
Wikisource 染 (eumhun 물들일 염 (muldeuril yeom))
染: Hán Nôm readings: nhuộm, nhẹm, nhiễm, nhuốm, ruộm, vẩn
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