旗幟

See also: 旗帜

Chinese

		banner; flag	flag
trad. (旗幟)		旗	幟
simp. (旗帜)		旗	帜

Pronunciation

[Show/Hide]
edit edit 奇志 旗幟／旗帜

Rime
Character	旗	幟	幟
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	書 (26)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	渠之切	式吏切	昌志切
Baxter	gi	syiH	tsyhiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨ/	/ɕɨH/	/t͡ɕʰɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨ/	/ɕɨH/	/t͡ɕʰɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡie/	/ɕieH/	/t͡ɕʰieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨ/	/ɕɨH/	/cʰɨH/
Li Rong	/ɡiə/	/ɕiəH/	/t͡ɕʰiəH/
Wang Li	/ɡĭə/	/ɕĭəH/	/t͡ɕʰĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi/	/ɕiH/	/t͡ɕʰiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí	shì	chì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kei4	si3	ci3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ gi ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)ə/
English	flag
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旗	幟	幟	幟
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	9948	17245	17248	17249
Phonetic component	其	戠	戠	戠
Rime group	之	代	代	代
Rime subdivision	0	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	其	志	熾	試
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯ/	/*tjɯɡs/	/*tʰjɯɡs/	/*hljɯɡs/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qízhì

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kei⁴ ci³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kî-chì
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ji-tsy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qízhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíjhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi²-chih⁴
    • Yale: chí-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyijyh
    • Palladius: цичжи (cičži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kei⁴ ci³
    • Yale: kèih chi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁴ tsi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁴ qi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯²¹ t͡sʰiː³³/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 其次 旗幟／旗帜

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî-chì
    • Tâi-lô: kî-tsì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kicix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ji-tsy
    • MiniDict: ji^去 tsy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jji-tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: gi syiH|tsyhiH

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ  tjɯɡs|tʰjɯɡs|hljɯɡs/

Noun

旗幟

1. banner; flag (Classifier: 面)
2. (figurative) good example; model
3. (figurative) representative or charismatic stands, theories, or thoughts

   • 我們千秋萬代高舉毛澤東旗幟， / 前進！ / 高舉毛澤東旗幟， / 前進，前進，前進，進！ [MSC, trad.]
     我们千秋万代高举毛泽东旗帜， / 前进！ / 高举毛泽东旗帜， / 前进，前进，前进，进！ [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)

     Wǒmen qiānqiūwàndài gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì,  /  qiánjìn!  /  gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì,  /  qiánjìn, qiánjìn, qiánjìn, jìn! [Pinyin]

     We will for many generations / raise high Mao Zedong's banner! / March on! / Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! / March on! March on! March on! On!

Synonyms

• (banner):

edit

• 旌旗 (jīngqí) (literary)
• 旗仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 旗子 (qízi)
• 旗號／旗号 (qíhào) (chiefly historical)
• 標／标 (biāo)

 

• (good example):

edit

• 典型 (diǎnxíng)
• 典範／典范 (diǎnfàn)
• 書式／书式 (shūshì) (literary)
• 格式 (géshì)
• 楷模 (kǎimó)
• 榜樣／榜样 (bǎngyàng)
• 標兵／标兵 (biāobīng) (figurative)
• 樣板／样板 (yàngbǎn)
• 標竿／标竿 (biāogān)
• 模範／模范 (mófàn)
• 法式
• 程式 (chéngshì)
• 範例／范例 (fànlì)
• 表率 (biǎoshuài)
• 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)

 

Derived terms

• 五方旗幟／五方旗帜 (wǔfāng qízhì)
• 旗幟學／旗帜学 (qízhìxué)
• 旗幟鮮明／旗帜鲜明 (qízhìxiānmíng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (旗幟):

• → Japanese: 旗幟(きし) (kishi)
• → Korean: 기치(旗幟) (gichi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
旗	幟
き Grade: 4	し Hyōgai
kan'on	on'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese,^[1] in turn from Middle Chinese 旗幟 (MC gi syiH|tsyhiH, literally “flag + banner”).

First cited in Japanese to a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 765.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きし [kíꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3][4]
• (Tokyo) きし [kìshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [kʲi̥ɕi]

Noun

旗(き)幟(し) • (kishi) 

1. [from 765] banner, flag (particularly as used in battle to show position on the field)
2. [from 1890] (by extension from the "position" sense) one's clear stance, attitude, or position with regard to an issue; a person who clearly advocates for such a position

References

1. “旗幟”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
旗	幟

Noun

旗幟 • (gichi) (hangeul 기치)

1. hanja form^? of 기치 (“banner, flag”)