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援
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
援 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 手月一水 (QBME), four-corner 52047, composition ⿰扌爰)
Derived characters
- 𬕯
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 445, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12407
- Dae Jaweon: page 795, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1921, character 5
- Unihan data for U+63F4
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wun4 / jyun4 / jyun6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): uòng / uông
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng2 / yoeng2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
- Wade–Giles: yüan2
- Yale: ywán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
- Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wun4 / jyun4 / jyun6
- Yale: wùhn / yùhn / yuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: wun4 / jyn4 / jyn6
- Guangdong Romanization: wun4 / yun4 / yun6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/, /jyːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn / yên
- Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ / ienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan2 / yan1
- Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/, /i̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn / yân
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ / (r)ianˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan2 / yan1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/, /(j)i̯an²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhan / rhanˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵/, /ʒan⁵³/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng / uông
- Sinological IPA (key): /uoŋ⁵³/, /uɔŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- uòng - “to pull”;
- uông - “to aid”.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: é̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /œŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /yøŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
- Tâi-lô: uân
- Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
- IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān
- Tâi-lô: uān
- Phofsit Daibuun: oan
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
- Tâi-lô: huān
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
- Tâi-lô: uan
- Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: huānn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hvoa
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- oân/oān/hoān - literary;
- hoāⁿ - vernacular;
- oan - vernacular (俗).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iêng6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieŋ³⁵/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- Middle Chinese: hjwon, hjwenH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷans/, /*ɢʷan/
Definitions
援
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to pull; to tow; to haul
- 攀援 ― pānyuán ― to climb; to clamber; to scale
- 同爾兄弟，以爾鉤援，與爾臨衝，以伐崇墉。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Tóng ěr xiōngdì, yǐ ěr gōuyuán, yǔ ěr línchōng, yǐ fá chóngyōng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
同尔兄弟，以尔钩援，与尔临冲，以伐崇墉。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to hold; to grasp
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to aid; to assist; to help
- 失援必毙。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Shī yuán bì bì. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to quote; to cite
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to recommend (a person)
Compounds
- 乞援
- 人道救援
- 伸出援手
- 備援 / 备援
- 回援 (huíyuán)
- 圍城打援 / 围城打援
- 增援 (zēngyuán)
- 外援 (wàiyuán)
- 多歧援喻
- 奧援 / 奥援 (àoyuán)
- 婦援會 / 妇援会
- 孤立無援 / 孤立无援 (gūlìwúyuán)
- 彈盡援絕 / 弹尽援绝 (dànjìnyuánjué)
- 後援 / 后援 (hòuyuán)
- 後援會 / 后援会 (hòuyuánhuì)
- 應援 / 应援 (yìngyuán)
- 手援天下
- 技術援助 / 技术援助
- 投袂援戈
- 授手援溺
- 接援
- 援交 (yuánjiāo)
- 援交妹
- 援交小姐
- 援例 (yuánlì)
- 援兵 (yuánbīng)
- 援助 (yuánzhù)
- 援助之手
- 援助交際 / 援助交际 (yuánzhù jiāojì)
- 援助機構 / 援助机构
- 援古證今 / 援古证今
- 援外 (yuánwài)
- 援引 (yuányǐn)
- 援手 (yuánshǒu)
- 援據 / 援据
- 援救 (yuánjiù)
- 援溺振渴
- 援照
- 援用 (yuányòng)
- 援筆 / 援笔 (yuánbǐ)
- 援筆成章 / 援笔成章
- 援筆立就 / 援笔立就
- 援筆立成 / 援笔立成
- 援筆而就 / 援笔而就
- 援藏
- 援軍 / 援军 (yuánjūn)
- 援鄂 (yuán'è)
- 援鱉失龜 / 援鳖失龟
- 撣援 / 掸援
- 攀援 (pānyuán)
- 支援 (zhīyuán)
- 救援 (jiùyuán)
- 救援隊 / 救援队 (jiùyuánduì)
- 有例可援
- 求援 (qiúyuán)
- 無援 / 无援 (wúyuán)
- 畔援
- 糧盡援絕 / 粮尽援绝
- 結援 / 结援
- 經援 / 经援 (jīngyuán)
- 網路援交 / 网路援交
- 聲援 / 声援 (shēngyuán)
- 請援 / 请援
- 軍事援助 / 军事援助
- 鉤援 / 钩援
- 阻援
- 首尾相援
- 馳援 / 驰援 (chíyuán)
References
- “援”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01630
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