溺

See also: 尿

溺 U+6EBA, 溺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EBA ← 溹 [U+6EB9] CJK Unified Ideographs 溻 → [U+6EBB]

溺 U+F9EC, 溺 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EC ← 匿 [U+F9EB] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 吝 → [U+F9ED]

Translingual

Han character

溺 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水弓一一 (ENMM), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵弱)

Derived characters

• 𡀡, 𡣄, 𦡥, 𬉪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 641, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17990
• Dae Jaweon: page 1048, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1710, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6EBA
• Unihan data for U+F9EC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 溺
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
嫋	*neːwʔ
弱	*njewɢ
溺	*njewɢ, *neːwɢ
蒻	*njewɢ
搦	*rneːwɢ, *rnaːwɢ
愵	*neːwɢ

Characters in the same phonetic series (弱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njewɢ, *neːwɢ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 弱 (OC *njewɢ).

Etymology 1

trad.		溺
simp. #		溺
alternative forms		㲻 氼

Schuessler (2007) proposes the following possibilities:

• Related to Burmese နစ် (nac, “to sink; to drown”), Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “to immerse”), but the vowels do not agree.
• Related to Burmese နှိုက်း (hnuik:, “to penetrate; to put one's hand into”).

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 溺
Mandarin	Beijing	/ni⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ni⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ni⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵi²¹/
	Qingdao	/ni⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ni³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ni²¹/
	Xining	/mji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ni¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵie³¹/ /ȵi³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/ni³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/niəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ȵi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/nit̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/nek̚²/
	Nanning	/nek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/nek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/niʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ni²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/niɔk̚⁵/

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	奴歷切
Baxter	nek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/nek̚/
Wang Li	/niek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/niek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nik6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nì
Middle Chinese	‹ nek ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁewk/
English	to sink in water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10952
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	惄
Old Chinese	/*neːwɢ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nik⁶ / nik¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ni̍t
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nêg⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nì
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nì
    • Wade–Giles: ni⁴
    • Yale: nì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
    • Palladius: ни (ni)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: nik⁶ / nik¹
    • Yale: nihk / nīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nik⁹ / nik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: nig⁶ / nig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɪk̚²/, /nɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ni̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: nid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /nit̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ne̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nek̚⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: nek

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤewk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*neːwɢ/

Definitions

溺

1. to drown; to submerge
2. to indulge; to be addicted
3. a surname

Compounds

• 人溺己溺
• 大水沖溺／大水冲溺
• 己飢己溺／己饥己溺
• 惑溺
• 扶危拯溺
• 拯危扶溺
• 拯溺
• 拯溺扶危
• 拯溺救焚
• 拯溺濟危／拯溺济危
• 授手援溺
• 援溺振渴
• 救焚拯溺
• 桀溺
• 沉溺 (chénnì)
• 沒溺／没溺
• 沮溺
• 溺亡 (nìwáng)
• 溺信
• 溺嬰／溺婴 (nìyīng)
• 溺志
• 溺愛／溺爱 (nì'ài)
• 溺斃／溺毙 (nìbì)
• 溺死 (nìsǐ)
• 溺水 (nìshuǐ)
• 溺職／溺职 (nìzhí)
• 溺谷
• 溺途
• 焚溺
• 網路沉溺症／网路沉溺症
• 耽溺 (dānnì)
• 見溺不救／见溺不救
• 遇溺 (yùnì)
• 鍾溺／钟溺
• 陷溺
• 飢溺為懷／饥溺为怀

 

Etymology 2

trad.		溺
simp. #		溺

Pronunciation

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niào
Middle Chinese	‹ newH ›
Old Chinese	/*kə.nˁewk-s/
English	urine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): niào (niao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): niu⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niào
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niào
    • Wade–Giles: niao⁴
    • Yale: nyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niaw
    • Palladius: няо (njao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: niu⁶
    • Yale: niuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: niu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: niu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːu̯²²/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.nˤewk-s/

Definitions

溺

1. Alternative form of 尿 (“urine; to urinate”)

Compounds

• 便溺 (biànniào)
• 屎溺
• 撒溺
• 溺器
• 溲溺
• 溺窩子／溺窝子
• 貓溺／猫溺
• 道在屎溺 (dàozàishǐniào)
• 阿金溺銀／阿金溺银

 

Etymology 3

trad.		溺
simp. #		溺

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而灼切
Baxter	nyak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiak̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ruò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek6

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10948
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	若
Old Chinese	/*njewɢ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
    • Wade–Giles: jo⁴
    • Yale: rwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
    • Palladius: жо (žo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyak

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njewɢ/

Definitions

溺

1. ^‡ Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “name of a river”)
2. ^† Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “weak”)

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 溺

溺

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to drown
2. (rare) urine

Readings

• Go-on: にゃく (nyaku)、にょう (nyō)^{←ねう (neu, historical)}
• Kan-on: でき (deki, Jōyō)、じょう (jō)^{←でう (deu, historical)}
• Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 溺れる, Jōyō)、いばり (ibari, 溺)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
溺
にょう Grade: S
goon

For pronunciation and definitions of 溺 – see the following entry.

【尿にょう】S [noun] [from 1275] urine

(This term, 溺, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 溺 (MC nek).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 녁〮 (Yale: nyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 닉 (nik) (Yale: nik) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 릭 (lik) (Yale: lik) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nik̚] ~ [ik̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [닉/익]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

溺

Wikisource 溺 (eumhun 빠질 닉 (ppajil nik), word-initial (South Korea) 빠질 익 (ppajil ik))

1. hanja form^? of [[닉/익#Korean:_溺|닉/익]] (“drown”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 탐닉 (耽溺, tamnik)
• 익사 (溺死, iksa, “drown”)
• 몰닉 (沒溺, mollik)

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH).

Hanja

溺 (eumhun 오줌 뇨 (ojum nyo), word-initial (South Korea) 오줌 요 (ojum yo))

1. Alternative form of 尿 (“hanja form^? of [[뇨/요#Korean:_溺|뇨/요]] (“urine”)”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

溺: Hán Nôm readings: nịch, niệu, nịu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation