失
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Han character
失 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人 (HQO), four-corner 25030, composition ⿰丿夫 or ⿻𠂉大)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5844
- Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 525, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5931
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 失 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
Pictogram (象形) depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood (Ji Xusheng, 2004).
Alternatively, according to Shuowen, Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 手 + 乙 — something falling from a hand (手). However, the original form doesn't show any hand.
Etymology
Cognate with 佚 (OC *liɡ, “to escape; to lose”), 逸 (OC *lid, “to escape; at ease”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Cogtse Situ [Term?] (ka-ʃlə̂k, “to fall (from hand)”), Japhug ɕlɯɣ (“to fall; to slip”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
Note also Thai เล็ดลอด (lét-lɔ̂ɔt, “to sneak; to escape by stealth”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): siit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh4
- Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sék
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7seq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): she6 / shr6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shih
- Wade–Giles: shih1
- Yale: shr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шы (šɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sat1
- Yale: sāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: sat7
- Guangdong Romanization: sed1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐt̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sit2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sit̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: siit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɨt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt
- Hakka Romanization System: siidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sid5
- Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shid
- Sinological IPA: /ʃit⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: set
- Tâi-lô: set
- Phofsit Daibuun: sed
- IPA (Hui'an): /set̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Changtai)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
- Tâi-lô: sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Changtai): /sek̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sig4 / sêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sik / sek
- Sinological IPA (key): /sik̚²/, /sek̚²/
Note: sêg4 - Jieyang.
Note:
- she6 - vernacular;
- shr6 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: syit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[t]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hliɡ/
Definitions
失
Compounds
- 不失 (bùshī)
- 不失為 / 不失为 (bùshīwéi)
- 不計得失 / 不计得失
- 丟失 / 丢失 (diūshī)
- 五失本
- 亡失
- 亡鄉失土 / 亡乡失土
- 亡魂失魄
- 交臂失之 (jiāobìshīzhī)
- 人財兩失 / 人财两失 (réncáiliǎngshī)
- 佚失 (yìshī)
- 佹得佹失
- 供需失衡
- 供需失調 / 供需失调
- 倉皇失措 / 仓皇失措
- 偏失
- 冒冒失失 (màomàoshīshī)
- 冒失 (màoshī)
- 冒失鬼
- 利害得失
- 利弊得失
- 前失 (qiánshī)
- 劉備失箸 / 刘备失箸
- 勿失良機 / 勿失良机
- 北叟失馬 / 北叟失马
- 千慮一失 / 千虑一失 (qiānlǜyīshī)
- 啞然失笑 / 哑然失笑
- 啞然失色 / 哑然失色
- 喪失 / 丧失 (sàngshī)
- 因小失大 (yīnxiǎoshīdà)
- 坐失 (zuòshī)
- 坐失良機 / 坐失良机
- 報失 / 报失 (bàoshī)
- 塞翁失馬 / 塞翁失马 (sàiwēngshīmǎ)
- 大失人望
- 大失所望 (dàshīsuǒwàng)
- 大意失荊州 / 大意失荆州 (dàyì shī Jīngzhōu)
- 大為失望 / 大为失望
- 大驚失色 / 大惊失色 (dàjīngshīsè)
- 失主 (shīzhǔ)
- 失之交臂 (shīzhījiāobì)
- 失事 (shīshì)
- 失依兒童 / 失依儿童
- 失信 (shīxìn)
- 失修 (shīxiū)
- 失候
- 失傳 / 失传 (shīchuán)
- 失儀 / 失仪
- 失入 (shīrù)
- 失出 (shīchū)
- 失利 (shīlì)
- 失勢 / 失势 (shīshì)
- 失卻 / 失却 (shīquè)
- 失去 (shīqù)
- 失口 (shīkǒu)
- 失和 (shīhé)
- 失單 / 失单
- 失圖 / 失图
- 失地 (shīdì)
- 失學 / 失学 (shīxué)
- 失守 (shīshǒu)
- 失宜 (shīyí)
- 失容
- 失密
- 失實 / 失实 (shīshí)
- 失察 (shīchá)
- 失寵 / 失宠 (shīchǒng)
- 失對 / 失对
- 失常 (shīcháng)
- 失張倒怪 / 失张倒怪
- 失張冒勢 / 失张冒势
- 失張失志 / 失张失志
- 失張失智 / 失张失智
- 失律
- 失德 (shīdé)
- 失心 (shīxīn)
- 失心兒 / 失心儿
- 失心風 / 失心风
- 失志 (shīzhì)
- 失怙 (shīhù)
- 失恃 (shīshì)
- 失意 (shīyì)
- 失態 / 失态 (shītài)
- 失慎 (shīshèn)
- 失憶症 / 失忆症 (shīyìzhèng)
- 失戀 / 失恋 (shīliàn)
- 失所 (shīsuǒ)
- 失手 (shīshǒu)
- 失挫
- 失措 (shīcuò)
- 失控 (shīkòng)
- 失掉 (shīdiào)
- 失據 / 失据
- 失支脫節 / 失支脱节
- 失效 (shīxiào)
- 失敗 / 失败 (shībài)
- 失教兒童 / 失教儿童
- 失散 (shīsàn)
- 失敬 (shījìng)
- 失明 (shīmíng)
- 失時 / 失时 (shīshí)
- 失曉 / 失晓
- 失望 (shīwàng)
- 失期
- 失本
- 失格 (shīgé)
- 失業 / 失业 (shīyè)
- 失業人口 / 失业人口
- 失業保險 / 失业保险
- 失業救助 / 失业救助
- 失業救濟 / 失业救济
- 失業率 / 失业率 (shīyèlǜ)
- 失機 / 失机
- 失檢 / 失检 (shījiǎn)
- 失權 / 失权
- 失歡 / 失欢 (shīhuān)
- 失氣 / 失气 (shīqì)
- 失水 (shīshuǐ)
- 失滅 / 失灭
- 失火 (shīhuǒ)
- 失物 (shīwù)
- 失獨 / 失独 (shīdú)
- 失當 / 失当 (shīdàng)
- 失盜 / 失盗 (shīdào)
- 失真 (shīzhēn)
- 失眠 (shīmián)
- 失瞻
- 失神 (shīshén)
- 失神落魄
- 失禁 (shījìn)
- 失禮 / 失礼 (shīlǐ)
- 失竊 / 失窃 (shīqiè)
- 失笑 (shīxiào)
- 失策 (shīcè)
- 失節 / 失节 (shījié)
- 失算 (shīsuàn)
- 失約 / 失约 (shīyuē)
- 失義 / 失义
- 失而復得 / 失而复得 (shī'érfùdé)
- 失聲 / 失声 (shīshēng)
- 失聰 / 失聪 (shīcōng)
- 失職 / 失职 (shīzhí)
- 失脫 / 失脱
- 失腳 / 失脚 (shījiǎo)
- 失色 (shīsè)
- 失著 / 失着
- 失落 (shīluò)
- 失血 (shīxuè)
- 失街亭
- 失衡 (shīhéng)
- 失言 (shīyán)
- 失計 / 失计
- 失語 / 失语 (shīyǔ)
- 失誤 / 失误 (shīwù)
- 失語症 / 失语症 (shīyǔzhèng)
- 失調 / 失调
- 失諸交臂 / 失诸交臂
- 失賊 / 失贼
- 失足 (shīzú)
- 失路 (shīlù)
- 失蹤 / 失踪 (shīzōng)
- 失身 (shīshēn)
- 失身分
- 失迎 (shīyíng)
- 失迷 (shīmí)
- 失速 (shīsù)
- 失道 (shīdào)
- 失道寡助 (shīdàoguǎzhù)
- 失重 (shīzhòng)
- 失錯 / 失错 (shīcuò)
- 失閃 / 失闪 (shīshǎn)
- 失陪 (shīpéi)
- 失陷 (shīxiàn)
- 失靈 / 失灵 (shīlíng)
- 失音 (shīyīn)
- 失風 / 失风
- 失飢傷飽 / 失饥伤饱
- 失飪 / 失饪
- 失馬亡羊 / 失马亡羊
- 失驚 / 失惊 (shījīng)
- 失驚打怪 / 失惊打怪
- 失魂喪魄 / 失魂丧魄
- 失魂落魄 (shīhúnluòpò)
- 失鹿
- 失黏
- 如有所失
- 婚姻失調 / 婚姻失调
- 少親失眷 / 少亲失眷
- 少調失教 / 少调失教
- 少魂失魄
- 尿失禁 (niàoshījìn)
- 差失 (chāshī)
- 年久失修 (niánjiǔshīxiū)
- 廢時失事 / 废时失事 (fèishíshīshì)
- 廢時失業 / 废时失业
- 廢賢失政 / 废贤失政
- 引喻失義 / 引喻失义 (yǐnyùshīyì)
- 張皇失措 / 张皇失措
- 彷徨失措
- 得不償失 / 得不偿失 (débùchángshī)
- 得不補失 / 得不补失
- 得不酬失
- 得失 (déshī)
- 得失在人
- 得失成敗 / 得失成败
- 得失榮枯 / 得失荣枯
- 得失相半
- 得而復失 / 得而复失 (dé'érfùshī)
- 徬徨失措
- 心神喪失 / 心神丧失
- 忘恩失義 / 忘恩失义
- 忘餐失寢 / 忘餐失寝
- 怛然失色
- 患得患失 (huàndéhuànshī)
- 悼心失圖 / 悼心失图
- 惜指失掌
- 惘然如失
- 悵然自失 / 怅然自失
- 惘然若失 (wǎngránruòshī)
- 悵然若失 / 怅然若失 (chàngránruòshī)
- 惘若有失
- 慞惶失次
- 成敗得失 / 成败得失
- 手足失措
- 打個前失 / 打个前失
- 打前失
- 打失驚 / 打失惊
- 拔十失五
- 拋家失業 / 抛家失业
- 掛失 / 挂失 (guàshī)
- 掛失止付 / 挂失止付
- 掩面失色
- 援鱉失龜 / 援鳖失龟
- 損失 / 损失 (sǔnshī)
- 播越失據 / 播越失据
- 故失
- 敗名失德 / 败名失德
- 散失 (sànshī)
- 是非得失
- 時不可失 / 时不可失 (shí bùkě shī)
- 有失體統 / 有失体统
- 有得有失
- 機不可失 / 机不可失 (jībùkěshī)
- 水土流失 (shuǐtǔ liúshī)
- 流失 (liúshī)
- 流離失所 / 流离失所 (liúlíshīsuǒ)
- 消失 (xiāoshī)
- 漏失
- 火災損失 / 火灾损失
- 為小失大 / 为小失大
- 營養失調 / 营养失调
- 爽然自失
- 爽然若失 (shuǎngránruòshī)
- 琴瑟失調 / 琴瑟失调
- 用舍失宜
- 疏失 (shūshī)
- 痛哭失聲 / 痛哭失声
- 痛失知音
- 痛失英才
- 百不一失
- 百不失一
- 百無一失 / 百无一失 (bǎiwúyīshī)
- 盡失 / 尽失
- 相失 (xiāngshī)
- 相形失色
- 相顧失色 / 相顾失色
- 眼張失落 / 眼张失落
- 眼張失道 / 眼张失道
- 破業失產 / 破业失产
- 社會失調 / 社会失调
- 神龍失勢 / 神龙失势 (shénlóng shīshì)
- 萬不可失 / 万不可失
- 萬不失一 / 万不失一
- 萬無一失 / 万无一失 (wànwúyīshī)
- 萬無失一 / 万无失一
- 窮不失義 / 穷不失义
- 窮大失居 / 穷大失居
- 窮猿失木 / 穷猿失木
- 節節失利 / 节节失利
- 緣名失實 / 缘名失实
- 缺失 (quēshī)
- 聞雷失箸 / 闻雷失箸
- 臨期失誤 / 临期失误
- 自失
- 舉止失措 / 举止失措
- 芒然自失
- 花容失色
- 若有所失
- 荒失
- 茫然自失 (mángránzìshī)
- 茫然若失 (mángránruòshī)
- 著著失敗 / 着着失败
- 虧失 / 亏失
- 言多失實 / 言多失实
- 言多必失 (yánduōbìshī)
- 言多語失 / 言多语失
- 註失 / 注失
- 謹毛失貌 / 谨毛失貌
- 貪小失大 / 贪小失大
- 走失 (zǒushī)
- 輕重失宜 / 轻重失宜
- 迷失 (míshī)
- 迷失路途
- 迷蹤失路 / 迷踪失路
- 逞己失眾 / 逞己失众
- 進退失據 / 进退失据 (jìntuìshījù)
- 過失 / 过失 (guòshī)
- 過失傷害 / 过失伤害
- 過失殺人 / 过失杀人 (guòshī shārén)
- 過失致死 / 过失致死
- 遺失 / 遗失 (yíshī)
- 遵而不失
- 重大過失 / 重大过失
- 錯失 / 错失 (cuòshī)
- 錯失良機 / 错失良机
- 閃失 / 闪失 (shǎnshī)
- 闕失 / 阙失
- 陰陵失道 / 阴陵失道
- 雞蟲得失 / 鸡虫得失
- 面皮失色
- 頓失所依 / 顿失所依
- 頻頻失利 / 频频失利
- 顧小失大 / 顾小失大
- 顧此失彼 / 顾此失彼 (gùcǐshībǐ)
- 馬失前蹄 / 马失前蹄 (mǎshīqiántí)
- 驚惶失措 / 惊惶失措 (jīnghuáng shīcuò)
- 驚慌失措 / 惊慌失措 (jīnghuāngshīcuò)
- 驚慌失色 / 惊慌失色
- 黯然失色 (ànránshīsè)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yì
- Wade–Giles: i4
- Yale: yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
失
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Kanji
失
Readings
Hanja
Compounds
Han character
Verb
- chữ Hán form of thất.
- to lose something
- to make a mistake; to blunder; to contravene; to infringe; to violate
- to miss
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