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失

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 先, 矢, and 夫
失 U+5931, 失
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5931
← 夰
[U+5930] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夲 →
[U+5932]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
5 strokes
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Han character

失 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人 (HQO), four-corner 25030, composition ⿰丿夫 or ⿻𠂉大)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5931

Chinese

More information simp. and trad. ...
simp. and trad.
 失
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 失, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 失
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
眣 *ʔr'aːd, *l'iːɡ, *l̥ʰiɡ
蛈 *l̥ʰiːɡ
迭 *l'iːɡ
跌 *l'iːɡ
瓞 *l'iːɡ
昳 *l'iːɡ
胅 *l'iːɡ
軼 *l'iːɡ, *liɡ
苵 *l'iːɡ
镻 *l'iːɡ
詄 *l'iːɡ
泆 *l'iːɡ, *liɡ
趃 *l'iːɡ
柣 *sl̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iɡ
抶 *l̥ʰiɡ
秩 *l'iɡ
帙 *l'iɡ
紩 *l'iɡ
袠 *l'iɡ
翐 *l'iɡ
妷 *l'iɡ
失 *hliɡ
佚 *liɡ
劮 *liɡ
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Characters in the same phonetic series (失) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pictogram (象形) depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Alternatively, according to Shuowen, Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 手 + 乙 — something falling from a hand (手). However, the original form doesn't show any hand.

Etymology

Cognate with 佚 (OC *liɡ, “to escape; to lose”), 逸 (OC *lid, “to escape; at ease”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Cogtse Situ [Term?] (ka-ʃlə̂k, “to fall (from hand)”), Japhug ɕlɯɣ (“to fall; to slip”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Note also Thai เล็ดลอด (lét-lɔ̂ɔt, “to sneak; to escape by stealth”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 失
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式質切
Baxter syit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕit̚/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sat1
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 失
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥i[t]/
English lose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 失
Reading # 1/1
No. 11426
Phonetic
component		 失
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 失
Old
Chinese		 /*hliɡ/
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Note: sêg4 - Jieyang.
Note:
  • she6 - vernacular;
  • shr6 - literary.

    Definitions

    失

    1. to lose; to lose track of; to mislay
    2. to fail; to not succeed
    3. to breach; to violate
    4. to neglect; to miss
    5. mistake; fault; wrongdoing
    6. 75th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "failure" (𝍐)

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 2

    Definitions

    失

    1. Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “to flee; to run away”)
    2. Alternative form of 佚 (“to ignore; indulgent”)

    Japanese

    Kanji

    失

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. mistake, disadvantage
    2. loss, lose

    Readings

    Korean

    Hanja

    失 (eumhun 잃을 실 (ireul sil))

    1. hanja form? of 실 (“loss”)

    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    失: Hán Nôm readings: thất, thắt

    Verb

    失 • (thất)

    1. chữ Hán form of thất.
      1. to lose something
      2. to make a mistake; to blunder; to contravene; to infringe; to violate
      3. to miss

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