持つ

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Japanese

More information Kanji in this term ...
Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kun'yomi
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More information Alternative spelling ...
Alternative spelling
有つ
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Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mətu.

Pronunciation

More information Stem forms, Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) ...
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
持つ [móꜜtsù]
Imperative (命令形) 持て [móꜜtè]
Key constructions
Passive 持たれる たれ [mòtáréꜜrù]
Causative 持たせる たせ [mòtáséꜜrù]
Potential 持てる [mòtéꜜrù]
Volitional 持とう [mòtóꜜò]
Negative 持たない ない [mòtáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 持たなかった なかった [mòtáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 持ちます ちま [mòchímáꜜsù]
Perfective 持った った [móꜜttà]
Conjunctive 持って って [móꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 持てば てば [móꜜtèbà]
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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「持つ

Verb

() (motsu) transitive godan (stem () (mochi), past ()った (motta))

  1. to hold, to carry something
    コートを()ちましょうか。
    Kōto o mochimashō ka.
    Shall I hold your coat?
  2. to have, to possess
    パスポートは()った
    Pasupōto wa motta?
    Have you got your passport?
    (かね)をいくら()っていますか。
    O-kane o ikura motte imasu ka.
    How much money do you have?
    (わたし)はお(かね)()っていない。
    Watashi wa o-kane o motte inai.
    I don't have any money.
    自転車(じてんしゃ)()っていない。
    Jitensha o motte inai.
    I don't have a bicycle.
    (くるま)()っていませんが、自転車(じてんしゃ)なら()っています。
    Kuruma wa motte imasen ga, jitensha nara motte imasu.
    I don't have a car, but I have a bicycle.
  3. to hold up, to maintain
    精神(せいしん)()たない
    seishin ga motanai
    can't withstand the pressure
    心臓(しんぞう)()たない
    shinzō ga motanai
    my heart can't take it

Synonyms

Conjugation

More information Katsuyōkei ("stem forms"), Mizenkei ("imperfective") ...
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 持た もた mota
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 持ち もち mochi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 持つ もつ motsu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 持つ もつ motsu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 持て もて mote
Meireikei ("imperative") 持て もて mote
Key constructions
Passive 持たれる もたれる motareru
Causative 持たせる
持たす
もたせる
もたす
motaseru
motasu
Potential 持てる もてる moteru
Volitional 持とう もとう motō
Negative 持たない もたない motanai
Negative continuative 持たず もたず motazu
Formal 持ちます もちます mochimasu
Perfective 持った もった motta
Conjunctive 持って もって motte
Hypothetical conditional 持てば もてば moteba
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More information Stem forms, Irrealis (未然形) ...
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 持たもたmota
Continuative (連用形) 持ちもちmoti
Terminal (終止形) 持つもつmotu
Attributive (連体形) 持つもつmotu
Realis (已然形) 持てもてmote
Imperative (命令形) 持てもてmote
Key constructions
Negative 持たずもたずmotazu
Contrasting conjunction 持てどもてどmotedo
Causal conjunction 持てばもてばmoteba
Conditional conjunction 持たばもたばmotaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 持ちきもちきmotiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 持ちけりもちけりmotikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 持ちつもちつmotitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 持ちぬもちぬmotinu
Perfect-continuative tense 持てり
持ちたり
もてり
もちたり
moteri
motitari
Volitional 持たむもたむmotamu
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Idioms

Derived terms

References

  1. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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