拓

拓 U+62D3, 拓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62D3 ← 拒 [U+62D2] CJK Unified Ideographs 拔 → [U+62D4]

拓 U+FA02, 拓 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA02 ← 度 [U+FA01] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 糖 → [U+FA03]

Translingual

Han character

拓 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一口 (QMR), four-corner 5106₀, composition ⿰扌石)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 425, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11958
• Dae Jaweon: page 774, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1849, character 6
• Unihan data for U+62D3

• Unihan data for U+FA02

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
柘	*tjaɡs
妬	*taːɡs
蠹	*taːɡs
沰	*taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ
拓	*tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ
橐	*tʰaːɡ
袥	*tʰaːɡ
驝	*tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ
斫	*tjaɡ
磭	*ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔	*rtaːɡ
跖	*tjaɡ
石	*djaɡ
碩	*djaɡ
祏	*djaɡ
鉐	*djaɡ
鼫	*djaɡ

Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ).

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-t(j)ak (“upper surface, top, above, palate; to climb, lift, ascend”) (STEDT). See Burmese တက် (tak, “to climb up, get in a vehicle”) for more cognates.

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		柝 “to open up”

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他各切
Baxter	thak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok3

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拓
Reading #	1/2
No.	11458
Phonetic component	石
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	託
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/
Notes	見小爾雅

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thok

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
    • Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
    • Yale: twò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
    • Palladius: то (to)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tok³
    • Yale: tok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: tog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thok
    • Tâi-lô: thok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔk̚³²/

---

• Middle Chinese: thak

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ/

Definitions

拓

1. to open up; to develop; to expand
2. to stretch
3. to push open
4. a surname

Compounds

• 拓土開疆 / 拓土开疆
• 拓地 (tuòdì)
• 拓宇
• 拓寬 / 拓宽 (tuòkuān)
• 拓展 (tuòzhǎn)
• 拓撲 / 拓扑
• 拓撲學 / 拓扑学
• 拓殖 (tuòzhí)
• 拓荒 (tuòhuāng)
• 拓荒者 (tuòhuāngzhě)
• 拓落
• 拓落不羈 / 拓落不羁
• 拓跋 (Tuòbá)
• 拓邊 / 拓边
• 拓都 (tuòdū)
• 拓銷 / 拓销 (tuòxiāo)
• 落拓 (luòtuò)
• 落拓不羈 / 落拓不羁 (luòtuò bùjī)
• 開拓 / 开拓 (kāituò)
• 開拓性 / 开拓性
• 開拓者 / 开拓者 (kāituòzhě)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		搨／拓

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tà (ta⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taap³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tà
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tà
    • Wade–Giles: tʻa⁴
    • Yale: tà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tah
    • Palladius: та (ta)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taap³
    • Yale: taap
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taap⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: tab³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːp̚³/

Definitions

拓

1. to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)

Synonyms

• 拓印 (tàyìn)

Compounds

• 拓印 (tàyìn)
• 拓本 (tàběn)
• 拓片 (tàpiàn)
• 拓碑
• 魚拓 / 鱼拓

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		拓

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tuō (tuo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tuō
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tuo
    • Wade–Giles: tʻo¹
    • Yale: twō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo
    • Palladius: то (to)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

拓

1. Alternative form of 托 (tuō, “to support with hands; to lift”)

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		拓
alternative forms		黜 托 (to poke; to uncover someone's secret)

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thuh

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thuh
    • Tâi-lô: thuh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tuq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuʔ³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰuʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuʔ³²/

Definitions

拓

1. (Hokkien) to shovel; to level off; to scrape
2. (Hokkien) shoveling tool; scraping tool
3. (Hokkien) to push upward or lift with the palms of the hand
4. (Hokkien) to support; to prop (with a long object)
5. (Hokkien) to uncover someone's secret or private matter
6. (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to compete; to contend for
7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to poke with something sharp
8. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to refute; to rebut; to contend

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		擉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		戳
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	戳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong	篤, 㓤
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	篤, 㓤
	Macau	篤
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	篤
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	篤
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	㓤
	Foshan	篤
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	篤
	Foshan (Shunde)	篤
	Foshan (Sanshui)	戳
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	戳
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	篤
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	篤
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	篤
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	篤
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	篤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	篤
	Taishan	篤
	Kaiping (Chikan)	篤
	Enping (Niujiang)	篤
	Heshan (Yayao)	戳
	Dongguan	篤
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	㓤
	Nanning	篤
	Yulin	篤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	㓤
Hakka	Meixian	⿰㞘刂
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	揰
Southern Min	Xiamen	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Quanzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Jinjiang	鑿
	Zhangzhou	鑿, 揬, 拓
	Tainan	鑿 GT, 揬 GT, 拓 GT
	Manila (Hokkien)	鑿
	Shantou	捅
	Puning	𠜙
Wu	Shanghai	戳
	Suzhou	戳
	Wuxi	戳
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Dialectal synonyms of 戳 (“to poke”) [map]

• (to refute): 反駁／反驳 (fǎnbó)

Compounds

• 拓仔
• 拓兵
• 拓卒
• 拓塗機 / 拓涂机
• 拓破
• 拓空
• 拓臭
• 拓鼎
• 齒拓 / 齿拓

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 拓 – see 摭 (“to pick up; to collect; to gather; to find”). (This character is a variant form of 摭).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01533
• “拓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 拓

拓

(Jōyō kanji)

1. expand
2. open
3. pioneer

Readings

• On (unclassified): たく (taku, Jōyō)、せき (seki)
• Kun: ひらく (hiraku, 拓く)、ひろう (hirou, 拓う)
• Nanori: ひろ (hiro)、ひろし (hiroshi)

Proper noun

拓(たく) • (Taku) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 拓 (MC tsyek).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [척]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

拓

Wikisource 拓 (eumhun 넓힐 척 (neolpil cheok))

1. hanja form^? of 척 (“to open; to develop; to expand”)

Compounds

• 간척 (干拓, gancheok, “land reclamation”)
• 개척 (開拓, gaecheok)
• 척식 (拓殖/拓植, cheoksik, “colonization”)
• 척지 (拓地, cheokji)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 拓 (MC thak). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁 (thak)^訓 (Yale: thak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰa̠k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [탁]

Hanja

拓 (eumhun 박을 탁 (bageul tak))

1. hanja form^? of 탁 (“to make rubbings on something (e.g. inscriptions)”)

Compounds

• 탁발씨 (拓跋氏, takbalssi, “Tuoba”)
• 탁본 (拓本, takbon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

拓: Hán Nôm readings: đo, đó, đố, thác

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