под

See also: под-

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɔt]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Noun

под • (pod) m

1. floor (ground)

Declension

	singular	plural
indefinite	под pod	по́дове pódove
definite (subject form)	по́дът pódǎt	по́довете pódovete
definite (object form)	по́да póda
count form	—	по́да póda

Declension of под

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *podъ. Equivalent to по (po, “upon, at”) +‎ -д (-d).

Preposition

под • (pod)

1. under
2. below

Anagrams

• под- (pod-)

Eastern Mari

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *pata.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pot/
• Rhymes: -ot
• Hyphenation: под

Noun

под • (pod)

1. pot, cauldron
2. boiler

Declension

Declension of под
	singular	plural
nominative	под (pod)	под-влак (pod-vlak)
accusative	подым (podym)	под-влакым (pod-vlakym)
genitive	подын (podyn)	под-влакын (pod-vlakyn)
dative	подлан (podlan)	под-влаклан (pod-vlaklan)
comitative	подге (podge)	под-влакге (pod-vlakge)
comparative	подла (podla)	под-влакла (pod-vlakla)
inessive	подышто (podyšto)	под-влакыште (pod-vlakyšte)
illative (short)	подыш (podyš)	под-влакыш (pod-vlakyš)
illative (long)	подышко (podyško)	под-влакышке (pod-vlakyške)
lative	подеш (podeš)	под-влакеш (pod-vlakeš)

Possessed forms of под
	singular	plural
1st person	подем (podem)	подна (podna)
2nd person	подет (podet)	подда (podda)
3rd person	подшо (podšo)	подышт (podyšt)

Derived terms

nouns

• кишпод (kišpod)

 

References

• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “под”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɔt]
• Homophone: пот (pot)

Noun

под • (pod) m (relational adjective поден)

1. floor (ground)

Declension

Declension of под

	singular	plural
indefinite	под (pod)	подови (podovi)
definite unspecified	подот (podot)	подовите (podovite)
definite proximal	подов (podov)	подовиве (podovive)
definite distal	подон (podon)	подовине (podovine)
vocative	поду (podu)	подови (podovi)
count form	—	пода (poda)

Preposition

под • (pod)

1. under

   Кучето се скри под столот. ― Kučeto se skri pod stolot. ― The dog hid under the chair.

2. below

   Тоа е закопано под земјата. ― Toa e zakopano pod zemjata. ― It is buried below the ground.

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms

• подъ (pod) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
• подо (podo) (before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-))

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pət]
• IPA^(key): [pɐt] (before a stressed syllable)
• IPA^(key): [ˈpot] (when stressed)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: пот (pot) (when stressed)

Preposition

под • (pod)

1. [with accusative]
   1. under, below, beneath (movement to beneath a location)

      нырну́ть под во́ду ― nyrnútʹ pod vódu ― to dive underwater

      положи́ть под крова́ть ― položítʹ pod krovátʹ ― to put under a bed

   2. under (beginning to fall under a condition, state or period of action)

      попа́сть под обстре́л ― popástʹ pod obstrél ― to fall/come under fire

   3. towards, to
   4. approaching, slightly less than (a quantitative characteristic, such as weight, age, etc.)

      лет под со́рок ― let pod sórok ― approaching forty years old

   5. shortly before, towards, approaching (a time)

      под ве́чер ― pod véčer ― towards/in the evening

      под коне́ц ― pod konéc ― towards/in/at/by the end

   6. in imitation of, à la

      раскра́шенный под леопа́рда ― raskrášennyj pod leopárda ― painted to look like a leopard

      га́лстук под цвет фо́рмы ― gálstuk pod cvet fórmy ― a tie to match the colour/color of a uniform

      под стать ― pod statʹ ― to match

   7. for, suitable as

      уча́сток под строи́тельство ― učástok pod stroítelʹstvo ― land for construction

      оста́вить уча́сток под карто́фель ― ostávitʹ učástok pod kartófelʹ ― to leave a plot for potatoes

      отвести́ помеще́ние под музе́й ― otvestí pomeščénije pod muzéj ― to set aside a room for a museum

      ту́мбочка под телеви́зор ― túmbočka pod televízor ― a bedside table for a television

      земля́ под хлеб ― zemljá pod xleb ― ground for bread

      гото́вый под посе́в ― gotóvyj pod posév ― ready for sowing

      маленькую ко́мнату отвели́ под спа́льню ― malenʹkuju kómnatu otvelí pod spálʹnju ― a small room was taken as a bedroom

      корзи́на под карто́шку ― korzína pod kartóšku ― basket for potatoes

   8. to (a piece of music, the sound of...)

      засыпа́ть под пе́сню ― zasypátʹ pod pésnju ― to fall asleep to a song

2. [with instrumental]
   1. under, below, beneath (being beneath a location)

      пла́вать под водо́й ― plávatʹ pod vodój ― to swim underwater

      под кры́шей ― pod krýšej ― under a roof

   2. under (being under a condition, state or period of action)

      под руково́дством ― pod rukovódstvom ― under the leadership (of)

      под ви́дом ― pod vídom ― under the guise (of)

      под прикры́тием ― pod prikrýtijem ― undercover / under the cover (of)

   3. near, by

      Сражéние под Прóхоровкой ― Sražénije pod Próxorovkoj ― The Battle of Prokhorovka (literally, “The Battle near Prokhorovka”)

      под руко́й ― pod rukój ― at/on hand

   4. at (an angle)

      под о́стрым угло́м ― pod óstrym uglóm ― at an acute angle

Usage notes

• подо (podo) is used before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-), вс- (vs-), and сн- (sn-).

See also

• под- (pod-)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms

• подъ (pod) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpot]

Noun

под • (pod) m inan (genitive по́да, nominative plural поды́, genitive plural подо́в)

1. (dated, rare) hearth, hearthstone
2. (dated, rare) floor

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	по́д pód	поды́ podý
genitive	по́да póda	подо́в podóv
dative	по́ду pódu	пода́м podám
accusative	по́д pód	поды́ podý
instrumental	по́дом pódom	пода́ми podámi
prepositional	по́де póde	пода́х podáx
locative	поду́ podú

Declension of под (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c) 

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pôd/

Noun

по̏д m (Latin spelling pȍd)

1. floor

   пасти на под ― to fall to the floor

2. ground

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	по̏д	по̀дови
genitive	по̀да	подова
dative	по̀ду	подовима
accusative	под	подове
vocative	поде	подови
locative	по̀ду	подовима
instrumental	подом	подовима

Declension of под

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

Alternative forms

• пода (enclitic pronominal form)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pôd/

Preposition

по̏д (Latin spelling pȍd)

1. under, beneath (with change of position, answering the question ку̀да) [with accusative]

   Antonyms: и̏знад, на̏д

   с(ј)ела је под стабло ― she sat under the tree

   пао је под влак ― he fell under the train

2. under, beneath (stationary, answering the question гдје̏/где̏) [with instrumental]

   Antonyms: и̏знад, на̏д

   она с(ј)еди под стаблом ― she is sitting under the tree

   под сунцем ― under the sun

3. under, beneath (being in a particular condition) [with instrumental]

   бити под сумњом ― to be under suspicion

   бити под притиском ― to be under pressure

   бити под дојмом ― to be under impression

   под оружјем ― under arms

   бити под надзором ― to be under supervision/surveillance

   бити под нечијом заштитом ― to be under someone's protection

   бити под нагласком ― to be accented (stressed), to be under the accent (stress)

   писати под псеудонимом ― to write under the pen name, pseudonymously

   бити под заклетвом ― to be under oath

4. near, toward, in (temporal, with nouns denoting a final temporal segment) [with accusative]

   под јесен ― toward fall

   под крај ― near the end

   под старост ― in one's old age

5. during (temporal) [with instrumental]

   под одмором ― during the (school) break

   под паузом ― during the (job) break

   под сатом ― during the (school) lesson

   под владавином ― during the reign of

6. as, instead of, in lieu of [with accusative]

   покушати продати мркву под роткву ― to try selling carrot as radish

7. miscellaneous idiomatic meanings

   то је под морање ― that is obligatory

   бацити под ноге ― to reject, throw away

   небу под облаке ― far away

   под ув(ј)етом/условом да ― under the condition of, on the condition that

   под изговором ― under the pretext

   под Загребом ― near Zagreb

   под Велебитом ― at the foot of Velebit, on the foothills of Velebit

   под коровом ― covered/overgrown with weed

   ништа под (милим) богом ― absolutely nothing

   под контролом (wитх генитиве) ― under the control (of)

   под тим(е) мислим ― by that I mean

   бити под антибиотицима ― to be on antibiotics

   под правим кутом ― perpendicular