έχω

See also: ἔχω

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”). Cognate with Mariupol Greek э́ху (éxu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈexo/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: έ‧χω

Verb

έχω • (écho) (imperfect είχα, past είχα, passive —)

1. to have/hold, in the sense of holding (in one's possession) (a [legal/personal/possibly 'undesired']) property

   Έχω αυτοκίνητο ― Écho aftokínito ― I have a car

   Έχω πονοκέφαλο ― Écho ponokéfalo ― I have a headache

   Μήπως έχεις ένα στυλό; ― Mípos écheis éna styló? ― Do you have a pen?

   Έχω άδεια διαμονής ― Écho ádeia diamonís ― I hold/have a residence permit

   Έχω άδεια οδήγησης ― Écho ádeia odígisis ― I hold/have a driver's license

2. to be (have/hold a property, characteristic)

   Έχει κρύο σήμερα. ― Échei krýo símera. ― It is cold today.

3. to feel, have feelings

   Τι έχεις; Γιατί κλαις; ― Ti écheis; Giatí klais? ― What's [wrong] with you? Why are you crying? (literally, “What do you have?”)

4. (grammar, auxiliary verb) to have +verbs (or participles) to form perfect tenses.

   έχω διαβάσει ― écho diavásei ― I have read

Usage notes

• Passive voice forms (έχομαι (ékhomai)) exist only as second combining forms in compounds, e.g. κατέχομαι (katéchomai, “owned, possessed”)

Conjugation

• Audio (present indicative):

  (file)

  Audio (imperfect):

  (file)

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έχω

	Active voice ➤   —   Imperfective aspect ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Present ➤	Imperfect ➤	Future ➤
1 sg	έχω	είχα	θα έχω
2 sg	έχεις	είχες	θα έχεις
3 sg	έχει	είχε	θα έχει
1 pl	έχουμε, [έχομε]	είχαμε	θα έχουμε, [θα έχομε]
2 pl	έχετε	είχατε	θα έχετε
3 pl	έχουν, (έχουνε)	είχαν, (είχανε)	θα έχουν, (θα έχουνε)
Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤	2 sg	2 pl
Imperfective aspect	έχε	έχετε
Other forms	Present participle ➤
	έχοντας1 ➤
Notes     Appendix:Greek verbs	1. Also, archaic active present participle: ο {έχων}, η {έχουσα}, το {έχον}  • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.  • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.  • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Derived terms

• αντέχω (antécho, “withstand”)
• απέχω (apécho, “I am distant from”)
• διακατέχω (diakatécho, “I am in the grip of a feeling”)
• εισέχω (eisécho, “I introvert”)
• εμπεριέχω (emperiécho, “contain”)
• ενέχω (enécho, “contain, hide within”)
• εξέχω (exécho, “stand out”)
• επέχω (epécho, “hold, serve as”)
• έχοντες m pl (échontes, “the ones who have, the rich”)
• έχων (échon, “one who has”, participle)
• κατέχοντες m pl (katéchontes, “the ones who own, the rich”)
• κατέχω (katécho, “to possess”)
• μετέχω (metécho, “to participate”)
• παραέχω (paraécho, “have too much of”)
• παρέχω (parécho, “give, offer”)
• περιέχω (periécho, “I contain”)
• προέχω (proécho, “I am important”)
• προκάτοχος m (prokátochos, “predecessor”)
• προσέχω (prosécho, “pay attention”)
• συμμετέχω (symmetécho, “participate”)
• συνέχω (synécho, “hold together, possess”)
• υπερέχω (yperécho, “surpass, I am better than”)

 

Phrases, proverbs:

• έχω τα μάτια μου δεκατέσσερα (écho ta mátia mou dekatéssera, “be on the alert”)