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Total eclipse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Monday, May 21 and Tuesday, May 22, 2096,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0737. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 13 hours after perigee (on May 21, 2096, at 12:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]
The path of totality will be visible from parts of Indonesia and the Philippines. Totality will end approximately 1000 miles (1600 km) off the United States West Coast. A partial solar eclipse will also be visible for parts of Southeast Asia, East Asia, northern Australia, Hawaii, and northwestern North America.
Overall, at 6 minutes and 7 seconds, this will be the third longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century. The only two longer eclipses in the century are July 22, 2009 and August 2, 2027. The longest duration of this eclipse on land will be seen in Surigao del Sur, the Philippines, 4 minutes and 38 seconds.
This will be the first eclipse of saros series 139 to exceed series 136 in length of totality. The length of totality for saros 139 is increasing, while that of Saros 136 is decreasing.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 2096 May 21 at 22:59:57.5 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 2096 May 21 at 23:53:30.4 UTC |
| First Central Line | 2096 May 21 at 23:54:59.3 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 2096 May 21 at 23:56:28.1 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2096 May 22 at 00:50:37.3 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 2096 May 22 at 01:37:14.1 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 2096 May 22 at 01:38:27.4 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 2096 May 22 at 01:41:02.1 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 2096 May 22 at 01:42:24.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2096 May 22 at 02:23:45.4 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2096 May 22 at 03:17:58.5 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 2096 May 22 at 03:19:26.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 2096 May 22 at 03:20:54.9 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 2096 May 22 at 04:14:30.6 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.07371 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.15285 |
| Gamma | 0.11960 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 03h59m45.5s |
| Sun Declination | +20°33'28.2" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'48.1" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 03h59m36.3s |
| Moon Declination | +20°40'26.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'40.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'13.0" |
| ΔT | 120.1 s |
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| May 7 Descending node (full moon) | May 22 Ascending node (new moon) | June 6 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 113 | Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 139 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 151 |
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
The solar eclipses on January 16, 2094 (total) and July 12, 2094 (partial) occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipses on April 1, 2098 and September 25, 2098 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 2094 to 2098 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 119 | June 13, 2094 Partial |
−1.4613 | 124 | December 7, 2094 Partial |
1.1547 | |
| 129 | June 2, 2095 Total |
−0.6396 | 134 | November 27, 2095 Annular |
0.4903 | |
| 139 | May 22, 2096 Total |
0.1196 | 144 | November 15, 2096 Annular |
−0.20 | |
| 149 | May 11, 2097 Total |
0.8516 | 154 | November 4, 2097 Annular |
−0.8926 | |
| 159 | May 1, 2098 | 164 | October 24, 2098 Partial |
−1.5407 | ||
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[5] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[6]
| Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
 November 29, 1807 |
 December 9, 1825 |
 December 21, 1843 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
 December 31, 1861 |
 January 11, 1880 |
 January 22, 1898 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
 February 3, 1916 |
 February 14, 1934 |
 February 25, 1952 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
 March 7, 1970 |
 March 18, 1988 |
 March 29, 2006 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
 April 8, 2024 |
 April 20, 2042 |
 April 30, 2060 |
| 33 | 34 | 35 |
 May 11, 2078 |
May 22, 2096 |
 June 3, 2114 |
| 36 | 37 | 38 |
 June 13, 2132 |
 June 25, 2150 |
 July 5, 2168 |
| 39 | ||
 July 16, 2186 | ||
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 23 eclipse events between August 3, 2054 and October 16, 2145 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| August 3–4 | May 22–24 | March 10–11 | December 27–29 | October 14–16 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
 August 3, 2054 |
 May 22, 2058 |
 March 11, 2062 |
 December 27, 2065 |
 October 15, 2069 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
 August 3, 2073 |
 May 22, 2077 |
 March 10, 2081 |
 December 27, 2084 |
 October 14, 2088 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
 August 3, 2092 |
May 22, 2096 |
 March 10, 2100 |
 December 29, 2103 |
 October 16, 2107 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
 August 4, 2111 |
 May 24, 2115 |
 March 11, 2119 |
 December 28, 2122 |
 October 16, 2126 |
| 157 | 159 | 161 | 163 | 165 |
 August 4, 2130 |
 May 23, 2134 |
 October 16, 2145 | ||
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 September 8, 1801 (Saros 112) |
 August 7, 1812 (Saros 113) |
 July 8, 1823 (Saros 114) |
 June 7, 1834 (Saros 115) |
 May 6, 1845 (Saros 116) |
 April 5, 1856 (Saros 117) |
 March 6, 1867 (Saros 118) |
 February 2, 1878 (Saros 119) |
 January 1, 1889 (Saros 120) |
 December 3, 1899 (Saros 121) |
 November 2, 1910 (Saros 122) |
 October 1, 1921 (Saros 123) |
 August 31, 1932 (Saros 124) |
 August 1, 1943 (Saros 125) |
 June 30, 1954 (Saros 126) |
 May 30, 1965 (Saros 127) |
 April 29, 1976 (Saros 128) |
 March 29, 1987 (Saros 129) |
 February 26, 1998 (Saros 130) |
 January 26, 2009 (Saros 131) |
 December 26, 2019 (Saros 132) |
 November 25, 2030 (Saros 133) |
 October 25, 2041 (Saros 134) |
 September 22, 2052 (Saros 135) |
 August 24, 2063 (Saros 136) |
 July 24, 2074 (Saros 137) |
 June 22, 2085 (Saros 138) |
May 22, 2096 (Saros 139) |
 April 23, 2107 (Saros 140) |
 March 22, 2118 (Saros 141) |
 February 18, 2129 (Saros 142) |
 January 20, 2140 (Saros 143) |
 December 19, 2150 (Saros 144) |
 November 17, 2161 (Saros 145) |
 October 17, 2172 (Saros 146) |
 September 16, 2183 (Saros 147) |
 August 16, 2194 (Saros 148) | |||
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
 December 10, 1806 (Saros 129) |
 November 20, 1835 (Saros 130) |
 October 30, 1864 (Saros 131) |
 October 9, 1893 (Saros 132) |
 September 21, 1922 (Saros 133) |
 September 1, 1951 (Saros 134) |
 August 10, 1980 (Saros 135) |
 July 22, 2009 (Saros 136) |
 July 2, 2038 (Saros 137) |
 June 11, 2067 (Saros 138) |
May 22, 2096 (Saros 139) |
 May 3, 2125 (Saros 140) |
 April 12, 2154 (Saros 141) |
 March 23, 2183 (Saros 142) |
|
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