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20th-century annular solar eclipse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, August 10, 1980,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9727. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 5 days before apogee (on August 15, 1980, at 19:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Annularity was visible in Tabuaeran of Kiribati, Peru, Bolivia, northern Paraguay and Brazil. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Oceania, Hawaii, the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1980 August 10 at 16:14:41.9 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1980 August 10 at 17:18:11.1 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1980 August 10 at 17:19:35.0 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1980 August 10 at 17:20:59.0 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1980 August 10 at 18:26:38.7 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1980 August 10 at 19:04:16.8 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1980 August 10 at 19:10:08.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1980 August 10 at 19:12:21.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1980 August 10 at 19:17:07.0 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1980 August 10 at 19:57:54.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1980 August 10 at 21:03:37.7 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1980 August 10 at 21:05:04.4 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1980 August 10 at 21:06:31.0 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1980 August 10 at 22:10:03.9 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.97267 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.94609 |
| Gamma | −0.19154 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 09h22m51.8s |
| Sun Declination | +15°21'02.2" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'46.9" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 09h22m42.5s |
| Moon Declination | +15°10'40.6" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'07.1" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°55'29.1" |
| ΔT | 51.0 s |
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| July 27 Descending node (full moon) | August 10 Ascending node (new moon) | August 26 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
 | |  |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 109 | Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 135 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 147 |
This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
The partial solar eclipses on June 21, 1982 and December 15, 1982 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1979 to 1982 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
120.jpg) Totality in Brandon, MB, Canada |
February 26, 1979 Total |
0.8981 | 125 | August 22, 1979 Annular |
−0.9632 | |
| 130 | February 16, 1980 Total |
0.2224 | 135 | August 10, 1980 Annular |
−0.1915 | |
| 140 | February 4, 1981 Annular |
−0.4838 | 145 | July 31, 1981 Total |
0.5792 | |
| 150 | January 25, 1982 Partial |
−1.2311 | 155 | July 20, 1982 Partial |
1.2886 | |
This eclipse is a part of Saros series 135, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 5, 1331. It contains annular eclipses from October 21, 1511 through February 24, 2305; hybrid eclipses on March 8, 2323 and March 18, 2341; and total eclipses from March 29, 2359 through May 22, 2449. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on August 17, 2593. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 16 at 10 minutes, 41 seconds on December 24, 1601, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on May 12, 2431. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]
| Series members 28–49 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 28 | 29 | 30 |
 May 5, 1818 |
 May 15, 1836 |
 May 26, 1854 |
| 31 | 32 | 33 |
 June 6, 1872 |
 June 17, 1890 |
 June 28, 1908 |
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
 July 9, 1926 |
 July 20, 1944 |
 July 31, 1962 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
August 10, 1980 |
 August 22, 1998 |
 September 1, 2016 |
| 40 | 42 | 42 |
 September 12, 2034 |
 September 22, 2052 |
 October 4, 2070 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
 October 14, 2088 |
 October 26, 2106 |
 November 6, 2124 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
 November 17, 2142 |
 November 27, 2160 |
 December 9, 2178 |
| 49 | ||
 December 19, 2196 | ||
The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 22 eclipse events between January 5, 1935 and August 11, 2018 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 4–5 | October 23–24 | August 10–12 | May 30–31 | March 18–19 |
| 111 | 113 | 115 | 117 | 119 |
 January 5, 1935 |
 August 12, 1942 |
 May 30, 1946 |
 March 18, 1950 | |
| 121 | 123 | 125 | 127 | 129 |
 January 5, 1954 |
 October 23, 1957 |
 August 11, 1961 |
 May 30, 1965 |
 March 18, 1969 |
| 131 | 133 | 135 | 137 | 139 |
 January 4, 1973 |
 October 23, 1976 |
August 10, 1980 |
 May 30, 1984 |
 March 18, 1988 |
| 141 | 143 | 145 | 147 | 149 |
 January 4, 1992 |
 October 24, 1995 |
 August 11, 1999 |
 May 31, 2003 |
 March 19, 2007 |
| 151 | 153 | 155 | ||
 January 4, 2011 |
 October 23, 2014 |
 August 11, 2018 | ||
This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 December 21, 1805 (Saros 119) |
 November 19, 1816 (Saros 120) |
 October 20, 1827 (Saros 121) |
 September 18, 1838 (Saros 122) |
 August 18, 1849 (Saros 123) |
 July 18, 1860 (Saros 124) |
 June 18, 1871 (Saros 125) |
 May 17, 1882 (Saros 126) |
 April 16, 1893 (Saros 127) |
 March 17, 1904 (Saros 128) |
 February 14, 1915 (Saros 129) |
 January 14, 1926 (Saros 130) |
 December 13, 1936 (Saros 131) |
 November 12, 1947 (Saros 132) |
 October 12, 1958 (Saros 133) |
 September 11, 1969 (Saros 134) |
August 10, 1980 (Saros 135) |
 July 11, 1991 (Saros 136) |
 June 10, 2002 (Saros 137) |
 May 10, 2013 (Saros 138) |
 April 8, 2024 (Saros 139) |
 March 9, 2035 (Saros 140) |
 February 5, 2046 (Saros 141) |
 January 5, 2057 (Saros 142) |
 December 6, 2067 (Saros 143) |
 November 4, 2078 (Saros 144) |
 October 4, 2089 (Saros 145) |
 September 4, 2100 (Saros 146) |
 August 4, 2111 (Saros 147) |
 July 4, 2122 (Saros 148) |
 June 3, 2133 (Saros 149) |
 May 3, 2144 (Saros 150) |
 April 2, 2155 (Saros 151) |
 March 2, 2166 (Saros 152) |
 January 29, 2177 (Saros 153) |
 December 29, 2187 (Saros 154) |
 November 28, 2198 (Saros 155) | |||
This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
 December 10, 1806 (Saros 129) |
 November 20, 1835 (Saros 130) |
 October 30, 1864 (Saros 131) |
 October 9, 1893 (Saros 132) |
 September 21, 1922 (Saros 133) |
 September 1, 1951 (Saros 134) |
August 10, 1980 (Saros 135) |
 July 22, 2009 (Saros 136) |
 July 2, 2038 (Saros 137) |
 June 11, 2067 (Saros 138) |
 May 22, 2096 (Saros 139) |
 May 3, 2125 (Saros 140) |
 April 12, 2154 (Saros 141) |
 March 23, 2183 (Saros 142) |
|
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