Palme d'Or

The Palme d'Or (French pronunciation: [palm(ə) dɔʁ]; English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to the director of the Best Feature Film of the Official Competition at the Cannes Film Festival.^[1] It was introduced in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee.^[1] Previously, from 1939 to 1954, the festival's highest prize was the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film.^[1] In 1964, the Palme d'Or was replaced again by the Grand Prix, before being reintroduced in 1975.^[1]

Palme d'Or
Location	Cannes
Country	France
Presented by	Cannes Film Festival
First awarded	1955
Currently held by	Anora (2024)
Website	http://www.festival-cannes.com

The Palme d'Or is widely considered one of the film industry's most prestigious awards.^[2][3][4][5]

History

The Commune of Cannes coat of arms

In 1954, the festival decided to present an award annually, titled the Grand Prix of the International Film Festival, with a new design each year from a contemporary artist.^[1] The festival's board of directors invited several jewellers to submit designs for a palm, in tribute to the coat of arms of the city of Cannes, evoking the famous legend of Saint Honorat and the palm trees lining the famous Promenade de la Croisette.^[1] The original design by Parisian jeweller Lucienne Lazon, inspired by a sketch by director Jean Cocteau, had the bevelled lower extremity of the stem forming a heart, and the pedestal a sculpture in terracotta by the artist Sébastien.^[6]

In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded to Delbert Mann for his film Marty.^[1] From 1964 to 1974, the festival temporarily resumed a Grand Prix.^[1] In 1975, the Palme d'Or was reintroduced and has since remained the festival's symbol, awarded each year to the director of the winning film, presented in a case of pure red Morocco leather lined with white suede.^[1]

Palme d'Or awarded to Apocalypse Now at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival

As of 2023, Jane Campion, Julia Ducournau, and Justine Triet are the only female directors to have won the Palme d'Or (for The Piano, Titane, and Anatomy of a Fall, respectively). However, in 2013, when Blue Is the Warmest Color won the Palme d'Or, the jury headed by Steven Spielberg awarded it to the film's actresses Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux, as well as the director Abdellatif Kechiche.^[7] This remains the only instance where multiple Palme d'Or trophies were presented.^[8] The jury decided to include the actresses in the recognition due to a Cannes policy that forbids the Palme d'Or-winning film from receiving any additional awards. This policy would have prevented the jury from acknowledging the actresses separately.^[9]

Regarding the unorthodox decision, Spielberg commented, "Had the casting been 3% wrong, [the film] wouldn't have worked like it did for us".^[10] Subsequently, Kechiche auctioned off his Palme d'Or trophy to fund his new feature film. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, he expressed dissatisfaction with the festival's decision to award multiple trophies, stating that he felt they had "publicly insulted" him. He added, "Liberating myself from this Palme d'Or is a way of washing my hands of this sorry affair".^[8]

Since its reintroduction, the prize has been redesigned several times. At the beginning of the 1980s, the rounded shape of the pedestal, bearing the palm has gradually transformed to become pyramidal in 1984. In 1992, Thierry de Bourqueney redesigned the Palme and its pedestal in hand-cut crystal. In 1997, Caroline Scheufele redesigned the statuette; since then, it has been manufactured by the Swiss jewellery firm Chopard. The palm is made from 4.16 oz (118 g) of 18-carat yellow gold while the branch's base forms a small heart. The Palme d'or rests on a dainty crystal cushion shaped like an emerald-cut diamond.^[11] A single piece of cut crystal forms a cushion for the palm, which is hand-cast into a wax mould and now presented in a case of blue Morocco leather. In 1998, Theo Angelopoulos was the first director to win the Palme d'or as it appears today, for his film Eternity and a Day.^[1]

The presentation of the 2014 Palme d'Or to Winter Sleep, a Turkish film by Nuri Bilge Ceylan, occurred during the 100th anniversary year of Turkish cinema. On receiving the award, Ceylan dedicated it to the "young people" involved in Turkey's ongoing political unrest, and the workers killed in the Soma mine disaster, which occurred on the day before the commencement of the awards event.^[12]

In 2017, the award was redesigned to celebrate the festival's 70th anniversary.^[1] The diamonds were provided by an ethical supplier certified by the Responsible Jewellery Council.^[1]

The 2020 Cannes Film Festival was cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 56 films were announced as official selections by the festival, but no awards were presented.^[13]

Winners

Year	English Title	Original title	Director(s)	Production Country	Ref.
1939	The inaugural Cannes Film Festival was to have been held in 1939, but was cancelled due to the outbreak of the Second World War. The festival was not inaugurated until after the conclusion of the war.[14] Sixty-three years later, the organizers of the 2002 festival assembled a jury of six members, including Dieter Kosslick and Alberto Barbera, to watch seven of the twelve features which had been entered into the 1939 competition, namely: Goodbye, Mr. Chips, La Loi du Nord, Lenin in 1918, The Four Feathers, The Wizard of Oz, Union Pacific, and Boefje. Union Pacific by Cecil B. DeMille was retrospectively voted the winner of the 1939 Palme d'Or.				[15]
Awarded as "Grand Prix du Festival International du Film"
1946	Brief Encounter		David Lean	United Kingdom	[16]
	The Last Chance	Die Letzte Chance	Leopold Lindtberg	Switzerland	[17]
	The Lost Weekend		Billy Wilder	United States	[18]
	María Candelaria		Emilio Fernández	Mexico	[19]
	Men Without Wings	Muži bez křídel	František Čáp	Czechoslovakia	[20]
	Neecha Nagar		Chetan Anand	India	[21]
	Pastoral Symphony	La symphonie pastorale	Jean Delannoy	France	[22]
	The Red Meadows	De røde enge	Bodil Ipsen & Lau Lauritzen Jr.	Denmark	[23]
	Rome, Open City	Roma, città aperta	Roberto Rossellini	Italy	[24]
	Torment	Hets	Alf Sjöberg	Sweden	[25]
	The Turning Point	Великий перелом	Fridrikh Ermler	Soviet Union	[26]
Awarded as "Grand Prix"
1947	Antoine and Antoinette (Best Psychological & Love Film)	Antoine et Antoinette	Jacques Becker	France	[27]
	Crossfire (Best Social Film)		Edward Dmytryk	United States	[28]
	The Damned (Best Adventure & Crime Film)	Les Maudits	René Clément	France	[29]
	Dumbo (Best Animation Design)		Ben Sharpsteen	United States	[30]
	Ziegfeld Follies (Best Musical Comedy)		Vincente Minnelli		[31]
1948	Festival cancelled				[32]
1949	The Third Man		Carol Reed	United Kingdom	[33]
1950	Festival cancelled				[32]
1951	Miracle in Milan	Miracolo a Milano	Vittorio De Sica	Italy	[34]
	Miss Julie	Fröken Julie	Alf Sjöberg	Sweden	[35]
1952	Othello		Orson Welles	Italy, Morocco	[36]
	Two Cents Worth of Hope	Due soldi di speranza	Renato Castellani	Italy	[37]
1953	The Wages of Fear	Le salaire de la peur	Henri-Georges Clouzot	France	[38]
1954	Gate of Hell	地獄門	Teinosuke Kinugasa	Japan	[39]
Awarded as "Palme d'Or"
1955	Marty §		Delbert Mann	United States	[40]
1956	The Silent World	Le monde du silence	Jacques Cousteau & Louis Malle	France	[41]
1957	Friendly Persuasion		William Wyler	United States	[42]
1958	The Cranes Are Flying	Летят журавли	Mikhail Kalatozov	Soviet Union	[43]
1959	Black Orpheus §	Orfeu Negro	Marcel Camus	France, Brazil	[44]
1960	La dolce vita §		Federico Fellini	Italy	[45]
1961	The Long Absence §	Une aussi longue absence	Henri Colpi	France	[46]
	Viridiana §		Luis Buñuel	Spain	[47]
1962	O Pagador de Promessas §		Anselmo Duarte	Brazil	[48]
1963	The Leopard §	Il gattopardo	Luchino Visconti	Italy	[49]
Awarded as "Grand Prix du Festival International du Film"
1964	The Umbrellas of Cherbourg	Les parapluies de Cherbourg	Jacques Demy	France	[50]
1965	The Knack ...and How to Get It		Richard Lester	United Kingdom	[51]
1966	The Birds, the Bees and the Italians	Signore e signori	Pietro Germi	Italy	[52]
	A Man and a Woman	Un homme et une femme	Claude Lelouch	France	[53]
1967	Blowup		Michelangelo Antonioni	United Kingdom	[54]
1968	The festival was cancelled midway through to show solidarity with the students and workers who were demonstrating in what became known as the May 68 movement.[32]
1969	If....		Lindsay Anderson	United Kingdom	[55]
1970	M*A*S*H		Robert Altman	United States	[56]
1971	The Go-Between		Joseph Losey	United Kingdom	[57]
1972	The Mattei Affair §	Il caso Mattei	Francesco Rosi	Italy	[58]
	The Working Class Goes to Heaven §	La classe operaia va in paradiso	Elio Petri		[59]
1973	The Hireling		Alan Bridges	United Kingdom	[60]
	Scarecrow		Jerry Schatzberg	United States	[61]
1974	The Conversation		Francis Ford Coppola		[62]
Awarded as "Palme d'Or"
1975	Chronicle of the Years of Fire	Chronique des années de braise	Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina	Algeria	[63]
1976	Taxi Driver		Martin Scorsese	United States	[64]
1977	Padre Padrone		Paolo and Vittorio Taviani	Italy	[65]
1978	The Tree of Wooden Clogs §	L'albero degli zoccoli	Ermanno Olmi		[66]
1979	Apocalypse Now		Francis Ford Coppola	United States	[67]
	The Tin Drum	Die Blechtrommel	Volker Schlöndorff	West Germany, France	[68]
1980	All That Jazz		Bob Fosse	United States	[69]
	Kagemusha	影武者	Akira Kurosawa	Japan	[70]
1981	Man of Iron	Człowiek z żelaza	Andrzej Wajda	Poland	[71]
1982	Missing §		Costa-Gavras	United States	[72]
	Yol §		Yılmaz Güney & Şerif Gören	Turkey	[73]
1983	The Ballad of Narayama	楢山節考	Shōhei Imamura	Japan	[74]
1984	Paris, Texas §		Wim Wenders	West Germany, France	[75]
1985	When Father Was Away on Business §	Отац на службеном путу	Emir Kusturica	Yugoslavia	[76]
1986	The Mission		Roland Joffé	United Kingdom	[77]
1987	Under the Sun of Satan §	Sous le soleil de Satan	Maurice Pialat	France	[78]
1988	Pelle the Conqueror	Pelle Erobreren	Bille August	Denmark	[79]
1989	Sex, Lies, and Videotape		Steven Soderbergh	United States	[80]
1990	Wild at Heart		David Lynch		[81]
1991	Barton Fink §		Joel Coen		[82]
1992	The Best Intentions	Den goda viljan	Bille August	Denmark, Sweden	[83]
1993	Farewell My Concubine	霸王別姬	Chen Kaige	Hong Kong	[84]
	The Piano		Jane Campion	New Zealand, Australia, France	[85]
1994	Pulp Fiction		Quentin Tarantino	United States	[86]
1995	Underground	Подземље	Emir Kusturica	Yugoslavia	[87]
1996	Secrets & Lies		Mike Leigh	France, United Kingdom	[88]
1997	The Eel	うなぎ	Shōhei Imamura	Japan	[89]
	Taste of Cherry	طعم گيلاس	Abbas Kiarostami	Iran
1998	Eternity and a Day §	Μια αιωνιότητα και μια μέρα	Theo Angelopoulos	Greece	[90]
1999	Rosetta §		Jean-Pierre & Luc Dardenne	Belgium	[91]
2000	Dancer in the Dark		Lars von Trier	Denmark	[92]
2001	The Son's Room	La stanza del figlio	Nanni Moretti	Italy	[93]
2002	The Pianist		Roman Polanski	Poland, France, Germany, United Kingdom	[94]
2003	Elephant		Gus Van Sant	United States	[95]
2004	Fahrenheit 9/11		Michael Moore		[96]
2005	L'Enfant		Jean-Pierre & Luc Dardenne	Belgium, France	[97]
2006	The Wind That Shakes the Barley §		Ken Loach	Ireland, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany	[98]
2007	4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days	4 luni, 3 săptămâni și 2 zile	Cristian Mungiu	Romania	[99]
2008	The Class §	Entre les murs	Laurent Cantet	France	[100]
2009	The White Ribbon	Das weiße Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte	Michael Haneke	Germany, Austria, France	[101]
2010	Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives	ลุงบุญมีระลึกชาติ	Apichatpong Weerasethakul	Thailand, France, Germany	[102]
2011	The Tree of Life		Terrence Malick	United States	[103]
2012	Amour		Michael Haneke	France, Germany, Austria	[104]
2013	Blue Is the Warmest Colour §	La Vie d'Adèle: Chapitres 1 et 2	Abdellatif Kechiche	France, Belgium, Spain	[105]
2014	Winter Sleep	Kış Uykusu	Nuri Bilge Ceylan	Turkey, France, Germany	[106]
2015	Dheepan		Jacques Audiard	France	[107]
2016	I, Daniel Blake		Ken Loach	United Kingdom	[108]
2017	The Square		Ruben Östlund	Sweden, Germany, France, Denmark	[109]
2018	Shoplifters	万引き家族	Hirokazu Kore-eda	Japan	[110]
2019	Parasite §	기생충	Bong Joon-ho	South Korea	[111]
2020	Festival cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 56 films were announced as official selections by the festival, but no awards were presented.				[13]
2021	Titane		Julia Ducournau	France, Belgium	[112]
2022	Triangle of Sadness		Ruben Östlund	Sweden, Germany, France, United Kingdom	[113]
2023	Anatomy of a Fall	Anatomie d'une chute	Justine Triet	France	[114]
2024	Anora		Sean Baker	United States	[115]

Notes

^§ Denotes unanimous win

Special Palme d'Or

During the 2018 closing ceremony, the jury awarded a "Special Palme d'Or" for the first time ever. Even though the award was not intended to be an Honorary Palme d'Or to Jean-Luc Godard, the move was made as an homage to his career, and as an award to the film itself as well.^[116]

Year	English Title	Original Title	Director	Production Country	Ref.
2018	The Image Book	Le Livre d'image	Jean-Luc Godard	Switzerland	[116][117]

By country

Country	Number of Wins
France	27
United States	22
Italy	13
United Kingdom
Germany[a]	10
Denmark	5
Japan
Sweden
Belgium	4
Soviet Union	2
Brazil
Yugoslavia
Poland
Austria
Spain
Turkey
Czechoslovakia	1
India
Mexico
Switzerland
Morocco
Algeria
Australia
Hong Kong
New Zealand
Iran
Greece
Ireland
Romania
Thailand

1. West Germany is included.

Multiple winners

Nine directors or director duos have won the award twice. Three of them (^‡) have won for consecutive films.^[118][119]

Number of Wins	Directors	Nationality	Films
2	Alf Sjöberg	Sweden	Torment (1946), Miss Julie (1951)
	Francis Ford Coppola	United States	The Conversation (1974), Apocalypse Now (1979)
	Bille August ‡	Denmark	Pelle the Conqueror (1988), The Best Intentions (1992)
	Emir Kusturica	Yugoslavia	When Father Was Away on Business (1985), Underground (1995)
	Shōhei Imamura	Japan	The Ballad of Narayama (1983), The Eel (1997)
	Jean-Pierre & Luc Dardenne	Belgium	Rosetta (1999), L'Enfant (2005)
	Michael Haneke ‡	Austria	The White Ribbon (2009), Amour (2012)
	Ken Loach	United Kingdom	The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006), I, Daniel Blake (2016)
	Ruben Östlund ‡	Sweden	The Square (2017), Triangle of Sadness (2022)

Honorary Palme d'Or

In 1997, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Festival, the Cannes jury awarded a "Palme des Palmes" for the first time.^[120]

Year	Recipient	Profession	Nationality of Recipient
1997	Ingmar Bergman	Filmmaker	Sweden

Since 2002 the festival began to award a non-competitive Honorary Palme d'Or to directors or actors who had achieved a notable body of work but who had never won a competitive Palme d'Or.^[121]

Year	Recipient	Profession	Nationality of Recipient
2002	Woody Allen[122]	Filmmaker and actor	United States
2003	Jeanne Moreau[123]	Actress	France
2005	Catherine Deneuve[124]
2007	Jane Fonda[125]	Actress and producer	United States
2008	Manoel de Oliveira[126]	Filmmaker	Portugal
2009	Clint Eastwood[127]	Actor and filmmaker	United States
2011	Jean-Paul Belmondo[128]	Actor	France
	Bernardo Bertolucci[129]	Filmmaker	Italy
2015	Agnès Varda[130][131]	Filmmaker	France
2016	Jean-Pierre Léaud[132]	Actor
2017	Jeffrey Katzenberg[133]	Producer	United States
2019	Alain Delon[134]	Actor	France
2021	Marco Bellocchio[135]	Filmmaker	Italy
	Jodie Foster[136]	Actress and filmmaker	United States
2022	Forest Whitaker[137]	Actor and producer
	Tom Cruise[138]
2023	Michael Douglas[139]
	Harrison Ford[140]
2024	Meryl Streep[141]	Actress
	George Lucas[142]	Filmmaker and producer
	Studio Ghibli[143]	Animation Studio	Japan

See also

• Film portal

• List of actors who have appeared in multiple Palme d'Or winners
• Golden Bear, the highest prize awarded at the Berlin International Film Festival
• Golden Lion, the highest prize awarded at the Venice Film Festival
• Short Film Palme d'Or

References

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External links

• Palme d'Or Winners, from 1976 to the present, by gross box-office
• Festival-cannes.com
• Cannes Film Festival IMDB