List of plants with symbolism

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Various folk cultures and traditions assign symbolic meanings to plants. Although these are no longer commonly understood by populations that are increasingly divorced from their rural traditions, some meanings survive. In addition, these meanings are alluded to in older pictures, songs and writings. New symbols have also arisen: one of the most known in the United Kingdom is the red poppy as a symbol of remembrance of the fallen in war.

List

Flower Meaning Abatina [1] Fickleness[2] Acacia general Friendship;[3][4] chaste love[2] pink Elegance[2] yellow Secret Love[5][6][2] rose or white Elegance;[3][7][8] platonic love[2][6] Acanthus Art,[3][6][7] artifice[5][2] Adder's tongue Deceit[8] Adonis' flower Painful recollection, sorrowful remembrances[2][3][5][8] Agrimonia Thankfulness, gratitude[2][3][7][4][8] Ailanthus Lofty aspirations[8] Allium Patience, good fortune, prosperity, unity[4] Almond hope;[4] indiscretion and thoughtlessness[2][3][6][7] Aloe Grief,[3][7][8] affliction,[2] religious superstition[5] Aloysia Forgiveness[8] Alyssum Worth beyond beauty[4][5] Amaranth general Immortality[2][3][7][8][9] Amaranth (Cockscomb) Foppery, affectation[5][8] Amaranth (Globe) Immortal love, unchangeable[5][2][8] Prince's feather Immortality, unfading[6] Amaryllis Pride,[3][8] timidity, splendid beauty;[2][5][4] hope and achievement.[10] Ambrosia Love is reciprocated[5][4] American Cowslip You are my divinity, divine beauty[3][5][2][7] Anemone Forsaken;[2][3][5][7][4] sickness, brevity, withered hopes;[11] anticipation[8][6] Angelica Inspiration[3][5][8][7] Angrec Royalty[2][3][5] Anthurium Hospitality, happiness, abundance Apple blossom Preference, better things to come, good fortune[2][3][5][8][6][4] Apricot Temptation[8] Arborvitae Everlasting friendship,[2] "live for me";[5] "thine till death"[8] Arbutus Simplicity;[8] you are the only one I love[6][4] Arnica "Let me heal thy grief"[8] Arum Ardour[5][4] Ash Grandeur[2][8] Aspen Excess of sensibility;[8] lamentation[2][5] Asphodel Death, the underworld; "my regrets follow you to the grave";[2][3][7] remembered beyond the tomb[8] Aster Symbol of love, daintiness,[4] talisman of love, trusting; cheerfulness in old age[8] Astragalus Your presence softens my pain[5][2] Azalea Take care, temperance,[2][5][8] fragile, gratitude, passion, Chinese symbols of womanhood[4] Baby's breath Innocence, purity of heart[4] Balm Sympathy[2][5][4] Balm of Gilead Cure, relief;[2][3][5][6] sympathetic feeling[8] Balsam Impatience, touch me not;[3][5][8][7] ardent love[2][4] Barberry Sourness of temper, petulance[3][5][8][6] Basil Hate;[2][3][5][6][11] (archaic) poverty[7] Bay Glory, (in a wreath) reward of merit;[2][5] "I change but in death"[2][6] Bayberry "I respect thy tears"[8] Beech Prosperity[2][3][8] Begonia Beware; a fanciful nature;[4] deformity[8] Bellflower Unwavering love, a constant heart[5][8] Bells of Ireland Good luck[4] Bilberry Treachery[2][3][5] Birch Elegance;[8] Meekness[2] Bird's-foot trefoil Revenge[5] Bird of paradise flower Liberty, magnificence, good perspective, joyfulness; faithfulness[4] Black-eyed Susan Justice Blackthorn Fate, protection, hope against adversity, good fortune; difficulty[5] Bladdernut Frivolous amusement;[2][3][5] a trifling character[8] Bleeding Heart, Asian / Lamprocapnos Rejected love, passionate love, unconditional love, compassion Bluebell Loyalty, constancy,[2][5][6] humility & gratitude[4] Bog-rosemary Bound by fate;[8] "Will you help me?"[6] Boxwood Firmness and stoicism,[3][5][8][7] constancy[6] Borage Bluntness,[2][3][5] abruptness[8] Bouncing bet Intrusion[8] Bouvardia Enthusiasm[4] Broom Humility and neatness[2][3][5][8][6][7][11][4] Browallia "Can you bear poverty?"[8] Brugmansia Vivacity, vibrancy, health, danger Bulrush Docility;[2][4] indiscretion;[3][5][7] indecision[8] Burdock Importunity, touch me not[2][3][5][8][6] Bumblebee Orchid Industry[2][5] Buttercup Sarcasm, ingratitude;[3][7] childishness;[4] riches, memories of childhood[6] Cabbage Profit[5] Calla Lily Magnificence and beauty;[5][4] feminine beauty;[8] modesty[6] Camellia Constancy and steadfastness;[7] perfect loveliness, unpretending excellence[2][8][6] Canterbury Bells Gratitude, acknowledgement;[5][8][6][4] constancy[3][7] Carnation general Fascination;[4] distinction; ardent love;[11] contempt;[8] woman's love[2] red Deep romantic love, passion; "alas poor heart," admiration[5][4] green Secret symbol of the followers of Oscar Wilde, love between two men white Sweet and lovely, innocence, pure love, faithfulness[4] pink A woman's love,[6] a mother's love; I'll never forget you[4] yellow Rejection, disdain, disappointment;[5][4] pride and beauty[8] purple Capriciousness, whimsical, changeable, unreliability[4] mauve Dreams of fantasy striped Refusal, no, "sorry I can't be with you"[5][4] solid color Yes, affirmative[4] Catchfly general Pretended love, a snare;[2][6] "I am thy prisoner"[8] Sticky Catchfly Invitation to dance red Youthful love[2] white Betrayed[2] Cedar of Lebanon Incorruptible[2] Cempasúchil Dia de los Muertos[12][13] Celandine Joys to come;[2][8] deceptive hopes[6] Chamomile Energy in adversity;[2][6][4] mercy[8] Champignon Suspicion[2] Cherry blossom A good education[2][5][4] white Deception[2] in Japan Transience of life, Mono no aware, Wabi-sabi, gentleness, kindness in China Feminine beauty Chestnut Do me justice;[3][5] deceptive appearances[8] Chicory Frugality[3][5][8] China aster Love of variety,[3][5] fidelity, "I will think of thee/it";[4][8] afterthough[6] Chrysanthemum general fidelity, optimism, joy and long life; "you're a wonderful friend," rest, cheerfulness[4] red Love[5][4] yellow Slighted love[5][8][4] white Truth,[5] loyal love Cinquefoil Beloved daughter/child;[7][4][3] maternal affection[5] Clianthus Glorious beauty[8] Clovenlip Toadflax Please notice my love/feelings for you Clove Dignity[3][5][7] Clover red Industry[5][8][4] white Think of me[5][4] Coltsfoot Justice shall be done[5][2] Columbine Folly;[3][5][7][8] deceived lovers, ingratitude, faithlessness, as in Shakespeare's Hamlet Coreopsis Always cheerful,[5][8][6][4] love at first sight[2] Coriander Hidden merit[3][5][8][6][7] Corncockle Gentility;[5] worth above beauty[8] Cornflower / Bachelor's button / Bleuet de France Celibacy;[5] hope;[4] single blessedness;[8] delicacy;[6] remembrance of fallen soldiers (in France and Belgium) Coronilla "Success crown your wishes"[8] Cotton lavender / Santolina Purification Cowslip Youthful beauty and winning grace,[6] rejected love (in Switzerland), "glory of spring," heartsickness and the death of young maidens;[11] rusticity, healing, pensiveness[5][4] Creeping Willow Love forsaken Cranberry Cure for heartache;[5][2] hardiness[8] Cress Resolution;[3] stability, power[5] Crocus Love, abuse not,[5] Lupercalia; impatience, youthful joy, hope, and friendship in adversity[11] Spring Cheerfulness[8][6] Saffron Love of variety, fidelity; mirth;[5] beware of excess[3] Crown Imperial Power and majesty,[3][5] especially imperial power;[8] pride of birth[6] Currant "Thy frown will kill me";[5] "you please all"[8] Cuscuta Meanness[3][5] Cypress Death, mourning, despair, sorrow[3][5][8][6][7] Daffodil Unrequited love,[6] evanescent happiness and deceitful hopes;[11] regard, respect;[5][4] self-love;[3] chivalry[8] Dahlia Elegance and dignity;[8][6][4] abundance;[7] instability[5] Daisy general loyal love, gentleness, innocence;[5][8][6][4] womanly truth, purity, fidelity, and patient endurance;[11] or, dissembling as in Shakespeare's Hamlet Easter Candor and innocence[7] garden "I share your sentiments"[3][5] red Beauty unknown to possessor orange Joy and sunshine yellow Happiness and joy blue Long-term loyalty and trust purple Thoughtfulness wild "I will think of it"[3][5] Dame's violet Watchfulness[5] Dandelion Overcoming hardship; faithfulness, happiness, love's oracle;[4] rustic oracle;[5] youthful recollections;[8] coquetry[6] Daphne Sweets to the sweet[8] Daylily Coquetry[8] Delphinium Flight of fancy[4] Dill Passion; lust[4] Diphylleia I will show my true self to you, clarity, honesty Dittany of Crete Childbirth[3][5] Dodder of thyme Baseness[5][8] Dogbane Deceit, falsehood[5][8] Dogwood Durability;[5] honesty, true nobility[8] Edelweiss Chivalrous devotion, high courage;[11] daring, noble purity[4] Elderflower Compassion;[6] humility;[7] zeal[5][8][4] Elm Dignity[5] Enchanter's Nightshade Spells, witchcraft, sorcery[3][5][8] Eyebright Joy, mental clarity, psychic powers;[14] "your eyes are bewitching"[8] Evening primrose Inconstancy,[3][5] silent love[6] Fennel Merit, strength,[7] worthy of all praise;[5][8] cuckoldry, as in Shakespeare's Hamlet,[15] Fern Magic, fascination,[5] sincerity;[4] Confidence[7] Feverfew Beneficence[8] Fig Argument;[5] longevity, prolificness[3][5] Flax Domestic industry, fate, "I feel your kindness"[3][5][8] Forget-me-not True love,[5][6] don't forget me;[7][4] faithful love, affectionate remembrance, chivalry, light, truth[11] Foxglove Insecurity;[16] stateliness, youth;[4] insincerity;[5][6] delirium[8] Freesia Innocence, trust, friendship[4] Fuller's Teasel Misanthropy[3][5] Fungus Resilience, loneliness, solitude, disgust Fuchsia Grace;[8] taste[6] Gardenia Secret love, joy, good luck; purity, sweet love, you're lovely[4] Geranium General Gentility, determination;[7] (archaic) folly;[4] confidence;[8] deceit, preference[6] Ivy Bridal favor[5] Lemon Unexpected meeting[5] Oak-leaved True friendship[7][5][4] Pencilled-leaf Ingenuity[3][7][5][4] Rose-scented Preference[7][3][4] Scarlet Stupidity;[7][3] consolation[5][4] Silver-leaved Recall[7][5][6][4] Wild Steadfast piety[7][3][5] Gladiolus Strength of character, honor, conviction, generosity;[4] ready armed[8] Goldenrod Encouragement;[6] be cautious[5][4] Gorse Love in all seasons, endearing affection[4] Guelder rose (or snowball) Winter, age;[5] thoughts of heaven[6] Hawthorn Hope[5][6][4] Hazel Peace, reconciliation[3][5][6] Heath Solitude[3][5][8][6] Heather purple Solitude, beauty, admiration[4] white Protection, wishes will come true[4] Helenium Tears[3][5][8] Hellebore Calumny[8] Heliotrope Emblem of faithfully devoted love[5][11][8][6][4] Hepatica Confidence[5][7] Hibiscus Delicate beauty[5][6][4] Himalayan blue poppy Potential, possibilities, psychic skills Holly Foresight[8][6] Hollyhock Ambition;[7][8][6] fruitfulness[4] Honeysuckle Devoted and generous affection;[5][6][7][4] bonds of love[8] Horse chestnut Luxury[8] Houseleek Domestic economy, vivacity[5][8] Hyacinth blue Constancy[6][4] purple Grief and sorrow;[6][11] Please forgive me[4] red or pink Playfulness, sport[5][6][4] white Unobtrusive loveliness[5][4] yellow Jealousy[4][8] Hydrangea general In a negative[17] sense frigidity, heartlessness;[6][7] Thank you for understanding;[4] boastfulness[5][8] pink Heartfelt emotion or gratitude purple A desire to deeply understand someone blue Frigidity and apology white Boasting, bragging, purity, grace and abundance Hyssop Purification[8] Ice plant Formality[8] Iris general Eloquence, good news, light;[11] faith, valor, wisdom, friendship;[4] a message[5][8][6] blue Faith, hope purple Wisdom, compliments yellow Passion[4] white Purity Ipomoea Attachment[8] Ivy Dependence, endurance; faithfulness, wedded love, affection;[5][6][4] friendship[7]

Flower Meaning Jacob's Ladder / Greek valerian Rupture[3][5] Jasmine Unconditional and eternal love; monetary wealth,(in the Philippines and Hinduism); emblem of brides[11] white Amiability[6] yellow Grace and elegance[6] Jonquil Desire,[7] returned affection,[6] love me[5][4] Juniper Asylum, protection[8][6] Kennedia Mental beauty[8] Kerria (棣棠 Dì táng) (China) Royalty, Nobility of heart[18] Larkspur Levity, lightness, fickleness, haughtiness;[5][7][8][6] an open heart[4] Laurel Glory and honor[5][11][8] Laurestine "I die if neglected";[7][8] a token[5] Lavender Love, devotion, loyalty;[4] distrust;[5][7] confession[8] LGBT+ identity[19][20][21][20] Lemon blossom Fidelity in love;[5][4] discretion,[8] zest[6] Lilac purple First emotions of love[5][4][8][6] white Youthful innocence, humility[5][7][4] Lily general Affection for loved ones; majesty[7][6] white Purity, sweetness[5][4][8][6] pink Love, femininity and admiration scarlet Lofty aspirations orange Desire, passion; hatred; wealth[4] Lily of the valley Sweetness, humility, purity,;[11] returning happiness[5][8][6][4] Lime blossom Conjugal love[5] Lionsheart Bravery[8] Lobelia Malevolence[5][8] Lophospermum Ecstacy[8] Lotus Purity, chastity and eloquence;[6] rebirth; estranged love[5][4] Love-in-a-mist You puzzle me, perplexity[5][4] Love lies bleeding Hopelessness, not heartless[5][6] Lupine Voraciousness[8] Magnolia Perseverance, love of nature,[5][6] nobility[4] Mallow Consumed by love;[5] beneficence;[5][8][7] sweet disposition[6][4] Marigold Pain and grief,[6][7] jealousy;[5][11][4] cruelty[8] Marjoram Blushes[8] Mayflower Welcome Meadow saffron "My best days are past"[3][5] Meadowsweet Beauty, happiness, peace, protection; uselessness[5] Mezereon Coquetry, desire to please[3][5][6][7][4] Mignonette Worth; "Your qualities surpass your charms",[3][5][6][7][8] health and moral beauty[11][4] Milkwort Hermitage[3][5] Mint Virtue[5][8][4] Peppermint or spearmint Warmth of feeling[5][7] Moonflower Dreaming of love Moonwort Forgetfulness[3][5][7] Morning glory Repose;[8] affection[5][4] Mudwort Tranquility[5] Mulberry black I will not survive you[3][5][2] white Wisdom[3][5] Mullein Good-nature[8][4] Myrtle Joy, triumph, fertility in marriage (in ancient Rome); peace and well-being (in Judaism); (coupled with laurel) glory, honor, a bloodless victory (in ancient Greece);[11] love, home, duty;[5][8][4] love in absence[6] Narcissus self-love,[3][6] egotism,[5] formality[4] Nasturtium Patriotism,[5][6] conquest, victory in battle;[4] heroism[8] Nemophila Prosperity[8] Nettle (stinging) Life and death, protection[22] as in Shakespeare's Hamlet; Cruelty;[7] slander[8] Nightshade Silence, falsehood;[2] dark thoughts, scepticism[6] Bittersweet truth[3][5] Deadly death[8] Oak leaf Strength; Hospitality;[7] bravery;[5][6] honor[8] Oats Music;[5] country life[8] Oleander Beware[8][6] Olive Peace[5][7][8] Orange blossom Innocence, purity,[5] eternal love, marriage;[4] chastity[7][8][6] Orchid general Refined beauty;[4][8] Intersex human rights[23][24] white egret orchid I'll be thinking of you even in my dreams red Fire, romance, desire, and passion orange Pride, enthusiasm, and boldness yellow New beginnings, friendship, and joy green Love, charm, beauty, fertility, refinement, and thoughtfulness blue Rarity, uniqueness, beauty, and spirituality purple Respect, royalty and admiration pink Grace, gentleness, innocence, happiness, playfulness, and fertility white Purity, faith, humility, safety, elegance, innocence, and beauty Ox-eye daisy Patience[5] Pansy/Heart's-ease Thoughtfulness,[5] merriment,[4] remembrance, you occupy my thoughts;[6][2] "Think of me"[3] Peach blossom Long-life, generosity, bridal hope, charm; "I am your captive"[5][8][6][4] Pear blossom Lasting friendship;[2] affection;[4] comfort[5] Peony Bashfulness,[5] happy marriage, prosperity;[4] shame[8] Prosperity, honor (in China) Masculinity, bravery (in Japan) Periwinkle Early and sincere friendship, tender recollections[8][6] Peruvian Lily Wealth, fortune, prosperity, friendship Phlox Harmony, unanimity, "our souls are united"[4][8][6] Pine general Philosophy[8] Pitch pine Time and faith[6] Plum blossom Beauty and longevity; "Keep your promises";[7] fidelity[5] Plumeria Perfection, springtime, new beginnings Poinsettia Brilliance;[8] Christmas spirit[25] Poppy general Sleep, consolation, death;[11] Oblivion, imagination;[4] evanescent pleasures, fantastic extravagance[6] red Pleasure;[4] sacrifice, remembrance; the blood of fallen soldiers[11] white Dreams, modern, peace; "my bane, my antidote";[7] consolation;[4] time[5] yellow Wealth, success[4] Primrose Eternal love; Childhood;[5][7][8] I can't live without you[4] Protea Courage, transformation, daring, resourcefulness, diversity Queen Anne's Lace Haven, sanctuary;[4] complexity, delicateness Queen of the Night Enjoy small moments because they do not last; transient beauty[8] Ragged-robin Wit[5][8][4] Rainflower Rebirth, new beginnings, great expectations[26] Ranunculus "You are radiant with charms";[5][7][4] ingratitude[8] Rhododendron Danger, beware, I am dangerous[3][5][4] Rose general Love;[3][5] silence, privacy, conversations held in confidence; [27] transgender day of remembrance[28][29] red True love;[4] bashful love[6] black Death, hatred, despair, sorrow, mystery, danger, obsession blue Mystery, attaining the impossible, love at first sight burgundy Unconscious beauty[5][4] pink Grace dark pink Gratitude[4] light pink Desire, passion, joy of life, youth, energy; grace[4] coral or orange Desire, fascination[4] lavender or violet Love at first sight; enchantment[4] yellow Friendship, joy, gladness;[4] apology, intense emotion, undying love; extreme betrayal, a broken heart, infidelity, jealousy;[5][7] Aromanticism[30] white I am worthy of you;[5] secrecy[8] dried white rose Sorrow; death is preferable to loss of virtue;[4] transient impressions[5] red and white together Unity[5][4] red and yellow together Joy, happiness and excitement thornless Love at first sight[5][4] dead sweet memories[6] bud (red) Beauty, purity, love, youth[5][4] bud (white) Girlhood;[5] a heart unacquainted with love[3] bud (moss) Confession of love[6] Austrian "Thou art all that is lovely," loveliness[5][8][6] bridal Happy love[5][6] Carolina Love is dangerous[5] China Beauty always new[5] Damask Brilliant complexion;[5] blushing beauty[8] dog Pleasure and pain[5] Hundred-leaved (also called cabbage rose or moss rose) Grace;[3] Pride;[5] ambassador of love;[5] superior merit[6] Maiden's blush "If you love me you will find out"[5] Multiflora Grace[5] Musk Capricious beauty,[3] (in a cluster) charming[5][8] Rosemary Remembrance;[5][8][6][4] "Your presence revives me"[7] Rue Regret, sorrow, repentance;[8] grace, clear vision; disdain[5] Sage Health, wisdom, respect;[7] domestic virtue;[5][8] esteem[3] Sainfoin Agitation[3][5] Scabius Unfortunate attachment,[5][8] I have lost all,[2] widowhood[6] Schinus Religious enthusiasm[5] Sensitive plant Sensitivity, modesty;[8] timidity;[4] sensibility[5] Shamrock Good luck; the Trinity (in Christianity), the three departments of nature, sea, earth, and heaven (among Irish druids), protection from snakes;[11] light heartedness[5][8][4] Snapdragon Presumption,[5][8][7] deception, a gracious lady[4] Snowdrop Consolation or hope;[5][8][7][4] Youthful love and simplicity (in Germany), hope and friendship in adversity (in France), purity, humility, and innocence (in England);[11] friend in need[6] Speedwell Travel, kindness, protection; (female) loyalty[5][8][7][4] Spider lily red abandonment, loss, separation, death and the cycle of rebirth. It's commonly referred to as the Flower of Death white Positive nature, new beginnings, good health and rebirth yellow Happiness, light, wisdom, gratitude, strength, everlasting friendship pink Feminine love, beauty and passion Spiderwort "Esteem not love";[5] transient happiness[8] Spindle tree Your image is engraved on my heart[3][5][2][7] St John's Wort Superstition;[7][3] animosity[5][6] Star of Bethlehem Atonement, reconciliation;[8][4] purity;[3][5][7] guidance[6] Straw United, union;[7] (broken) a broken agreement[4] Statice Remembrance,[4] sympathy, success Stock Lasting beauty, "you'll always be beautiful to me," a happy life, bonds of affection[3][5][7][6][4] Ten-week stock Promptness[3][5] Stonecrop Tranquility[3][5][7][4] Sunflower Loft thoughts;[8] adoration and pride;[5][4] false riches[3][6] Sweetbrier Simplicity (American), a wound to heal (European);[5][6] poetry;[3][5] home[8] Sweetpea Delicate pleasures;[5] departure[6] Sweet sultan Felicity, happiness;[3][5] felicity[8] Sweet William Finesse,[3][8] gallantry[5][6] Tansy I declare war on you;[3][5][7] resistance[8] Thistle Nobility, endurance, warning;[31] surliness;[3][7] austerity[5][8] Trillium Bisexuality; [32][33] [34] [35] The Holy Trinity[36] Thorn-apple Disguise, deceitful charms;[3][5][8][6][7] "I dreamed of thee"[4] Thrift Sympathy[3][5][8][7][4] Thyme Activity[3][5] Tuberose Dangerous pleasures;[3][5][6] voluptuousness;[8] a sweet voice[6] Tulip-tree Fame Tulip general Consuming love (in Turkey and India), inconstancy (in Turkey);[11] love and passion[5][4] red Declaration of love[8][4] pink Caring, Good wishes, Friendship, Joyful Occasions, Confidence purple Nobility/Royalty, Rebirth, Spring white Forgiveness, Remembrance, Sincerity; "I am worthy of you"[4] yellow Cheerful thoughts, Sunshine, Hope, Desperate love, "There's sunshine in your smile";[4] hopeless love[5] blue Respect, Tranquility, Trust orange Understanding, Appreciation, Truest love black Power, Strength, Supreme elegance variegated Beautiful eyes,[5][4] a declaration of love[6] Valerian Readiness, an accommodating disposition[3][5][8][7] Venus' Looking Glass Flattery[3][5][8][7] Vervain Enchantment;[3][5][7][4] sensibility, sensitivity[8][6] Violet blue Faithfulness, watchfulness, I'll always be true[5][6][4] purple Daydreaming, love between two women, lesbian love yellow Rural happiness[5] white Modesty, innocence, candor;[3][6][7] let's take a chance[4] sweet Modesty[5] Virgin's bower Filial affection;[8] mental beauty, artifice[6] Volkameria May you be happy[5] Wallflower Changless affection and fidelity in misfortune[3][5][8][6][11][4] Walnut Intellect, stratagem[3][5] Water lily Purity of heart;[5] eloquence[8] Watermelon Palestinian nationalism;[37][38][39] Kherson liberation;[40] [20][41] Abrosexuality[42] Willow Creeping Love foresaken[5] French Bravery and humanity[5] Weeping Mourning[3][5][8] Willowherb Pretension[5] Winged seeds (any kind) Messengers Winterberry Protection, luck Wisteria Welcoming[4] Witch-hazel A magic spell[5][8][4] Woad Design[8] Wheat Wealth and prosperity[5][8] Wolfsbane Misanthropy, chivalry;[4] knight-errantry[8] Wood sorrel Joy,[3] maternal tenderness[5] Wormwood Absence,[3][5][8] bitter sorrow,[7] do not be discouraged[4] Xanthium Rudeness, pertinacity[5] Xeranthemum Cheerfulness under adversity[5] Yarrow Healing;[4] war[8] Yew Sorrow[3][5][8] Ylang-Ylang Never-ending love Zinnia Thinking of you; remembering absent friends,[5][8][6] sentimentality[4]

See also

• Language of flowers – cryptological communication through the use or arrangement of flowers
• Hanakotoba, also known as 花言葉 – Japanese form of the language of flowers
• List of national flowers – flowers that represent specific geographic areas
• Plants in culture – uses of plants by humansPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Narcissus in culture – uses of narcissus flowers by humans
• Lime tree in culture – uses of the lime (linden) tree by humans
• Rose symbolism – a more expansive list of symbolic meanings of the rose
• Apple (symbolism) – a more expansive list of symbolic means for apples

References

1. "This Flower has not been proven to exist Secretflowerlanguage.com (2021)".
2. The Language of Flowers: An Alphabet of Floral Emblems (1857). London: T. Nelson and Sons. 1857.
3. Dumont, Henrietta (1851). The language of flowers; The floral offering ; a token of affection and esteem; comprising the language and poetry of flowers. Philadelphia: H. C. Peck & Theo. Bliss.
4. "Flower Meanings". AllFlorists. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
5. Burke, L. (1865). The Miniature Language of Flowers. London: George Routledge and Sons.
6. Flowers, their language, poetry, and sentiment, with choicest extracts from poets : a dictionary of the sentiment of every flower, botanical descriptions, &c. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates. 1870.
7. Folkard, Richard (1892). Plant lore, legends, and lyrics. Embracing the myths, traditions, superstitions, and folklore of the plant kingdom. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company. pp. 185–188.
8. Turner, Cordelia (1884). Cyclopedia of practical floriculture. New York: Townsend Mac Coun.
9. "The Rose And The Amaranth". Mythfolklore.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
10. P., Rebekah (17 April 2020). "Amaryllis Flower Meaning and Symbolism". Florgeous. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
11. Deas, Lizzie (1898). Flower Favourites: Their Legends, Symbolism and Significance. London: Chiswick Press.
12. Campos, Regina. "THE LEGEND OF THE CEMPASÚCHIL FLOWER". Mercadito.
13. Romo, Vanessa. "Why marigolds, or cempasúchil, are the iconic flower of Día de los Muertos". NPR.
14. "Eyebright Plant meaning". Flora Ritualis. 2022-11-03. Retrieved 2023-07-19.
15. Thomas, Vivian and Fair lots, Nicki, Shakespeare's Plants and Gardens: A Dictionary (Arden Shakespeare Dictionaries), Bloomsbury Academic (London) 2014, p. 85
16. "Foxglove Symbolism and the Meaning of Foxgloves in the Language of Flowers". Livingartsoriginals.com. 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
17. "flowers with negative meanings". Harvestindoor.com. 15 January 2023.
18. https://inf.news/en/culture/f67525981e0834707ddfaf75cb5e5d6e.html Retrieved at 9.35 on Thursday 13/1/22.
19. "LGBTQ lexicon: What's the significance of the color lavender?". Dallas News. 2014-10-29. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
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