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Next general election in Canada From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 45th Canadian federal election will take place on or before October 20, 2025, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 45th Canadian Parliament. The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act, which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election, though a current government bill proposes to postpone the date to October 27, 2025, to avoid conflicting with Diwali.[1] In addition to the statutory fixed election date provisions, Canada has a constitutional requirement specified in both section 50 of the Constitution Act, 1867 and section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that elections for the House of Commons must be called no more than five years after the writs for the preceding election are returned.
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343 seats in the House of Commons 172 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The election may occur before the scheduled date if the governor general dissolves Parliament on the recommendation of the prime minister for a snap election, or if the House of Commons passes a motion of no confidence in the government. Early elections are more likely to occur during minority governments because the prime minister does not control a majority in the House of Commons.[2][3][4]
This will be the first election to use a new 343-seat electoral map based on the 2021 Canadian census. New electoral boundaries for each of the ten provinces were finalized between February 14 and July 8, 2023,[5][6][7] and officially proclaimed on September 22, 2023.[8] The previous 338-seat electoral map would have been used if the election had been called before April 23, 2024.[9][8][10]
The 2021 Canadian federal election, held on September 20, 2021, saw insignificant changes from the preceding 2019 election.[11] The incumbent Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, failed to win enough seats to gain a parliamentary majority or the popular vote, only remaining as the party with the most seats and retained its status as a minority government. The Conservatives won the popular vote and continued as the Official Opposition.[12][d] On September 27, Annamie Paul resigned as the Green Party leader, citing lack of party support.[13] Her resignation came into effect on November 10.[14]
The election is scheduled to take place on October 20, 2025, following under the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act, which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election.[15]
On March 20, 2024, the government introduced the Electoral Participation Act, which included an amendment to the Canada Elections Act that would change the fixed election date to October 27, 2025, to avoid conflicting with the Hindu festival of Diwali, as well as municipal elections in Alberta.[16][1] Moving the election date to October 27, 2025, coincidentally also allow 80 members of parliament who were elected at the 2019 election to qualify for a pension that they would not receive if they fail to achieve reelection, though the government denies this motivated the proposed change.[17]
The table below lists parties represented in the House of Commons after the 2021 federal election and their current standings. Kevin Vuong, despite being elected as a Liberal, was disavowed by the party too late to alter his affiliation on the ballot, now currently sits as an independent.[18]
| Name | Ideology | Position | Leader | 2021 result | Current standing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | ||||||
| Liberal | Liberalism Social liberalism |
Centre to centre-left | Justin Trudeau | 160 / 338 |
153 / 338 | ||
| Conservative | Conservatism Economic liberalism |
Centre-right to right-wing | Pierre Poilievre | 119 / 338 |
119 / 338 | ||
| Bloc Québécois | Quebec nationalism Quebec sovereigntism Social democracy |
Centre-left | Yves-François Blanchet | 32 / 338 |
33 / 338 | ||
| New Democratic | Social democracy Democratic socialism |
Centre-left to left-wing | Jagmeet Singh | 25 / 338 |
25 / 338 | ||
| Green | Green politics | Elizabeth May | 2 / 338 |
2 / 338 | |||
| Independents | N/A | 0 / 338 |
4 / 338 | ||||
| Vacant | N/A | 2 / 338 | |||||
The Constitution Act, 1867, requires that federal electoral districts undergo a redistribution following each decennial Canadian census.[19] Using the 2021 Canadian census population results, the 2022 redistribution began in October 2021, and was completed in September 2023.[20]
On October 15, 2021, the chief electoral officer announced that based on the formula in the Constitution Act, 1867 as then in force, the allocation would result in an increase to 342 seats.[21] This included a reduction of Quebec’s allocation from 78 to 77 seats. The government tabled legislation on March 24, 2022, to prevent Quebec (or any other province) from losing any seats relative to the number of seats it was apportioned in 2012 redistribution.[22][23] The Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act amended rule 2 of subsection 51(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867, commonly known as the "Grandfather Clause".[24][25] The bill passed the House of Commons on June 15,[26] the Senate on June 21,[27] and received royal assent on June 23, 2022.[28] The chief electoral officer announced the new allocation of seats on July 8, 2022, which would result in an increase to 343 seats.[29]
Pursuant to the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act as amended, ten federal electoral boundary commissions were established, one for each province, on November 1, 2021.[30] The boundary-drawing process commenced upon the release of census data in February 2022. Quebec’s commission adjusted its work to be based on a 78-seat allocation in July 2022. The respective commissions completed their work and finalized new electoral boundary sets on a rolling basis, beginning with the Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island commissions on February 14, 2023,[5][6] and finishing with the Ontario commission on July 8, 2023.[7] The chief electoral officer then used the final reports of the electoral boundary commissions to formalize a representation order, which was proclaimed on September 22, 2023.[8]
The changes to federal electoral district boundaries took effect on April 23, 2024.[9][21][8] If the election had been called before then, it would have occurred under the previous electoral district boundaries, which had been in effect since the 2015 federal election.[31][32]
| Province or territory | Representation orders | Average population per electoral district |
Change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2023 | |||
| Ontario | 121 | 122 | 116,590 | 1  |
| Quebec | 78 | 78 | 108,998 |  |
| British Columbia | 42 | 43 | 116,300 | 1 |
| Alberta | 34 | 37 | 115,206 | 3 |
| Manitoba | 14 | 14 | 95,868 | |
| Saskatchewan | 14 | 14 | 80,893 | |
| Nova Scotia | 11 | 11 | 88,126 | |
| New Brunswick | 10 | 10 | 77,561 | |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 7 | 7 | 72,935 | |
| Prince Edward Island | 4 | 4 | 38,583 | |
| Northwest Territories | 1 | 1 | 41,070 | |
| Nunavut | 1 | 1 | 36,858 | |
| Yukon | 1 | 1 | 40,232 | |
| Canada | 338 | 343 | 107,848 | 5 |
This will be the first election contested under the new electoral districts established in the 2022 redistribution. Consequently, media outlets tend to report seat gains and losses as compared to notional results. These are the results if all votes cast in 2021 were unchanged, but regrouped by new electoral district boundaries, as published by Elections Canada.[33]
| Party | MPs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 actual result | 2021 notional result | Change | ||
| Liberal | 160 | 157 |  3 | |
| Conservative | 119 | 126 | 7 | |
| Bloc Québécois | 32 | 34 | 2 | |
| New Democratic | 25 | 24 | 1 | |
| Green | 2 | 2 | | |
| Total seats | 338 | 343 | 5 | |
As of October 2024[update], 38 MPs have announced they will not run in the 45th federal election.
| Party | MPs standing down | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 election[e] | Current | ||
| Liberal | 23 | 22 | |
| Conservative | 7 | 6 | |
| New Democratic | 5 | 5 | |
| Bloc Québécois | 4 | 4 | |
| Independent | 0 | 2 | |
| Total | 39 | ||
| Member of Parliament | Electoral district | Province or territory | Date announced | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerald Soroka[73] | Yellowhead | Alberta | June 22, 2024 | |
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